Paulo Feyerabend: Kuweta Maganizo

The mzaka zana makumi awiri wabweretsa anthu ambiri zokhumudwitsa: devalued moyo wa munthu anataya ndikaonekere zolinga za ufulu, ufulu wofanana ndi ubale umene kotero mwaukali anamenya kale. Malingaliro zabwino ndi zoipa apeza mtundu watsopano, ndipo ngakhale zigoli. Zonse zimene anthu anali ndithudi anali wachibale. Ngakhale ngati khola kwathunthu chiphunzitso cha 'chidziwitso', pansi kutsutsa ndi kukaikira nkhanza. Kuyambira pamenepo, nzeru za anakhala mwachangu alowerere sayansi, mu moyo asayansi anabwera nthawi lovutali. Methodological Anarchism Paulo Feyerabend wachita yofunika kwambiri imeneyi. maganizo ake nthanthi adzatiuza nkhani yathu.

Provocateur asayansi

Paulo Karl Feyerabend mu dziko miyambo ya nzeru anali kwenikweni mdierekezi thupi. Osati zokhazo, adamfunsa malamulo onse wamba ndi malamulo a sayansi. Iye mwamphamvu kugwedezeka ulamuliro wa sayansi ambiri. Pamaso maonekedwe ake anali munthu wolimbikira kwambiri za sayansi ya chidziwitso mtheradi. Osachepera inakwaniritsidwa atulukira amene kale kutsimikiziridwa. Kodi mungatani kukayikira umboni wazotsatira? Feyerabend wasonyezera kuti ndi zenizeni. Iye sanali kupewa ndi manyuzipepala choipitsitsa. Ndinkamufuna pa NTHAWI kagwere mawu a Marx kapena Mao Zedong, amanena kukwaniritsa asing'anga ku Latin America ndi bwino matsenga awo kwambiri kukangana kufunika pochitika ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. anthu ambiri anzeru a nthawi imeneyo ankamuyang'ana chabe monga wovutitsa kapena chisudzo. Komabe, chiphunzitso chakuti anali mwa kupambana zotsangalatsa za malingaliro mu zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Amayi-chisokonezo

Imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, analemba kuti Paulo Feyerabend, ndi buku lakuti "Against kukakamizidwa methodological." , Iye ananena adziwe kuti ambiri asayansi atulukira sizinkachitika kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ochiritsira, koma ndendende chifukwa cha kukana kwawo. Nzeru zapamwamba sayansi otchedwa tione diso woyera si ndimitambo malamulo akale. Ife kawirikawiri zikuoneka woona kuti bwino. Zochita likukhalira kuti choonadi ndi maganizo osiyana kwambiri. Choncho, Paulo Feyerabend ankalengeza mfundo ya "bzentse n'bzakukwanisika." Check ndipo sakhulupirira - kuti ndi uthenga waukulu wa nzeru zake. Koyamba, palibe chachilendo mu izi. Koma nzeru zapamwamba anaganiza ngakhale choyesa mfundo zimene akhala kukhala mizati kumunda. Kodi nthawi yomweyo anachititsa anachita lakuthwa zachilengedwe, katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha dziko. Iye ngakhale anatsutsa mfundo za maganizo ndi kufufuza choonadi, limene kwa zaka mwatsatira ofufuza za.

An Njira ina maganizo

Kodi kubwerera Paulo Feyerabend? Against njira kutengapo maganizo kuchokera kuzipenya alipo ndi kutsimikizira choonadi cha limalimbikitsa ntchito yosemphana koyamba chotheka kungoganizira. zosagwirizana kumathandiza chokumbukira sayansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asayansi adzakhala bwino kupenda aliyense wa iwo. Wafilosofi limalangiza komanso si squeamish Kudandaula ziphunzitso kuleza aiwala, ngati izi mwambi kuti zonse ndi watsopano - bwino aiwala akale. Feyerabend limafotokoza kwambiri chabe: konse chiphunzitso munthu sangakhale kwathunthu otetezeka ndi mwayi kukana ake mawu alionse. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, pali mfundo kuti adzaika funso. Komanso, sayenera abalalitse zinthu mwangwiro anthu, chifukwa asayansi amasankhidwa mfundo kale pamaziko a zokonda, kuchokera chikhumbo chimodzi kutsimikizira mfundo zawo.

Paulo Feyerabend: Philosophy ya Science

Chofunikira china chofunika nzeru zapamwamba kwa sayansi anali pamaso pa maganizo osiyanasiyana kupikisana, kuti ndi kuchulukana. Zimavuta ndi mzake, iwo adzakhala mosalekeza bwino. Ndi ulamuliro wa chiphunzitso lina mavuto zakostenet ndi kuwasandutsa ngati nthano. Feyerabend anali mdani odzipereka kwa lingaliro kuti chitukuko cha sayansi, pamene ziphunzitso zatsopano nawatsimikizira ku akale. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti M'malo mwake, aliyense amanena izi amapha yapita wina, amagwira limatsutsa izo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anawona mphamvu ya chitukuko cha malingaliro ndi tsogolo la anthu.

club connoisseurs

Ena mwa mawu Feyerabend angathe kumwedwa ngati kukana kugwirizana kwa sayansi ambiri. Koma zimenezi si zoona. Iye anangoti limatiuza kuti sitiyenera mosayang'anira kudalira salakwa sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, mosiyana Popper yofanana ndi imene amapereka asayansi kutsutsa ziphunzitso zawo, Paulo Feyerabend anaumirira kufunika kuonetsetsa kungoganizira awo ndi mafotokozedwe angapo. Ndi zofunika inamangidwa zapansi osiyana. Mwa njira iyi, mu maganizo ake, n'zotheka kupewa akhungu kudzilungamitsa. Ndi pang'ono ngati masewera a "n'chiyani? Kodi? Pamene? ", Zomwe akatswiri mukugwira, kuti mwina ena mayankho Wonenedwa experimentally kusankha bwino.

mayankho

Ndi limodzi mwa mabuku ambiri yanuyo Paulo analemba Feyerabend - "Against Njira". Mfundo chilengedwe chake anapatsa mnzake nzeru zapamwamba Imre Lakatos. Tanthauzo la ntchito kwagona aliyense amanena anakonza m'buku lino Feyerabend, Lakatos poyera kutsutsa aakulu ndi kulenga wake - Kutsutsa. Kamangidwe monga ngati duel aluntha anali basi mu mzimu wa anayambitsa anarchism methodological. Chinalepheretsa kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi imfa Lakatos mu 1974. Koma Feyerabend akadali anamasulidwa buku lofalitsidwa, ngakhale mu chikhalidwe ngati cha theka. Kenako, nzeru zapamwamba analemba kuti kuukira wake pa udindo rationalist mu mankhwala ngati Imre kuitana m'malo mwawo.

Paulo Feyerabend. "Science m'dziko ufulu"

Mwina ndi ntchito za nzeru zapamwamba anapanga ndi manyazi ngakhale zazikulu kuposa "Against Njira". Zikuoneka ngati Feyerabend mosapitirira antistsientist. Anaswa kuti smithereens zonse, mu mibadwo ambiri asayansi amakhulupirira Grail Woyera. Kuwonjezera zonse oyamba kwa buku, ndi woyimba nzeru zapamwamba anavomereza kuti zonse zimene anangopanga. "Kuti moyo chinachake m'pofunika," - iye molimba mtima. Apa Feyerabend ndipo analenga chiphunzitso lonse kuti mwina zambiri kudabwitsa omvera. Ndipo chotero chifukwa chidwi ake amphamvu, amene sakhoza bwanji malonda a bukuli. Ochepa asayansi aakulu akhoza kunena kuti zonse za kafukufuku ndi nkhambakamwa chabe. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri chimene icho kwenikweni. Komano, mwina akatiputa wina?

Buffoon kapena ufulu nazo?

Chimene iye ankafuna kukwaniritsa mfundo zake za Paulo Feyerabend? Malangizo a nthanthi m'zaka za m'ma 20 zovuta kulongosola umodzi yaitali. Zosiyanasiyana "machitidwe" maluwa osati luso komanso sayansi, komanso njira mawu ozunguza ndi kuika lokha dziko wakhala mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri. Kuchititsa mkwiyo ndi mtima anthu malingaliro ake kugonana Feyerabend ankafuna kuti tifulumizane yotsutsa awo. Simukugwirizana? Ine ndikuganiza njira yanga cholakwika? Ine momveka! Bweretsani Umboni wanu! Iye ankawoneka kuwalimbikitsa anthu sakhulupirira choonadi mwachimbulimbuli yaitali odziwika ndi kupeza mayankho paokha. Mwina ngati buku lakuti "Science mu Free Society" linasindikizidwa chake Baibulo poyamba pakati mafunso ambiri okhudza luso Feyerabend zidzatha paokha.

Ndinali Paulo Feyerabend antistsientistom kapena kulenga yachilendo wa nzeru? Kuwerenga ntchito yake, n'kovuta funso limeneli. Ngakhale kuti ankayambitsa mfundo momveka bwino, ngakhale kwambiri, pali zakukhudzani kuti zonsezi - chisokonezeko mawu zachiwerewere. Mwina, mtengo waukulu wa nzeru zapamwamba anali Buku ake salakwa sayansi ndi kufunika kupeza njira zina podziwa dziko. Mulimonsemo, kuti timudziwe bwino ntchito ya umunthu chidwi chabe ofunika.