Simon Ushakov, "Nkhope Yoyera": kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Icon Simon Ushakov "Nkhope Woyera" - imodzi yofunika kwambiri mu Mpingo Orthodox. Izo analengedwa mu zaka za m'ma XVII kwa Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio, limene lili mu Sergiev Posad. Mpaka pano, iye anali zikwi okhulupirira kulambira chaka chilichonse.

Wotchuka Simon Ushakov?

Wotchuka chizindikiro zojambulajambula ndi ndandanda ya Simoni Ushakov. "Nkhope Woyera" wake wotchuka kwambiri, koma osati yekha ntchito.

Chizindikiro zojambulajambula anabadwa mu Moscow mu 1626. Za moyo wake pang'ono amadziwika. Zikuoneka kuti iye anachokera m'tauni ya. Maphunziro anapatsidwa ansembe pa ndili wamng'ono, chifukwa ndi kale pa 22, anakhala mbuye wa Silver Komiti ya dongosolo amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida. malo ndithu ulemu malipilo apamwamba.

Apa iye anangokhala kujambula mbale mpingo ndi nyumba yachifumu zinthu, mbendera utoto, dongosolo nkhawa needlework. Iye anali ndodo mapu.

Komanso, analemba ndi anthu, ndi mpingo. Posachedwa atatchuka wotchuka chizindikiro zojambulajambula.

zida zankhondo

Mu 1664, ngwazi nkhani unasamutsidwa kutumikira mu zankhondo. udindo wake kukhala wamkulu ndi kutchuka wakula yekha. Mwamsanga anakhala aluso yabwino ndi mfumu, kukhazikitsa sukulu lonse la amisiri.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich woyanjidwa Ushakov panokha anam'patsa malangizo onse kumbali luso. Chifukwa cha ichi, kufikira imfa yake Ushakov ankakhala chitukuko ndi ulemu.

Iye anafa mu Moscow mu 1686. Iye anali 62 chaka.

"Nkhope Yoyera". Simon Ushakov

1658. ntchito wotchuka kwambiri analengedwa ndi Simoni Ushakov. chizindikirochi "The Nkhope Woyera" linalembedwa kwa amonke Sergiev Posad.

Ntchito anachita pa mtengo ntchito tempera. Kukula kwa chizindikirochi ndi laling'ono kwambiri - 53 mpaka 42 masentimita.

Mbiri ya kulemba zithunzi

Iye analemba chizindikiro wake wotchuka mu Moscow Simon Ushakov. "Nkhope Woyera" inatuluka mu Mpingo wa Utatu likulu Nikitinkah. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti lolembedwa pansi pa ntchito imeneyi. Iwo ananena kuti ntchito imeneyi walenga ndi mfumu chizindikiro zojambulajambula Simon Ushakov mu 1658, mu 7166 ku chilengedwe cha dziko.

loterolo dzikoli mu zaka za m'ma XIX. chizindikirochi "Oyera Mtima" Simona Ushakova ali fanizo loyamba la Woyera Mtima wa Mpulumutsi wa zonse zomwe zilipo. Amadziwika kuti Ushakov ndi ambuye wa bwalo lake sanalenge munthu mankhwala amenewa.

Dziwani kuti chizindikiro ichi kusonyeza luso lake Simoni Ushakov. "Nkhope Woyera" kwalembedwa malinga ndi njira zamakono kwambiri luso la nthawi. Iwo adzindikira kuti zikuchitikadi kulenga ya Russian chizindikiro kupenta kwa zaka zambiri.

с помощью сложной системы, в которой перемежались темные и светлые тона. Chizindikiro ichi chionekera kwa ena si kusintha chilengedwe cha nkhope, komanso odulidwa-kutali ndi buku analengedwa ndi dongosolo kuipidwa, zimene mdima ndi kuunika mitundu. Pofuna pansi kusintha pakati pawo, iwo anasintha zina mu gawo lotsiriza wina ndi mnzake.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Dziwani kuti, mosiyana ndi miyambo European mu Russian chizindikiro chiwalitsiro nkhope ya munthu woyera sanali ikuyendetsedwa ndi gwero lenileni la kuwala. Ndi malo kuwala kuwala anauzidwa kuti Ushakov ndi anzake anati mwambo kuti wakhala Russia kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XIV.

malangizo maganizo

Ena maganizo ndi zokongoletsa Buku mfundo anali Simoni Ushakov "Nkhope Yoyera". Chaka chimene chizindikirochi lisanalengedwe (1658), anali kutithandiza kuona kwa amisiri ambiri Russian. chakuti chifanizo wakhala nthawi zonse otchulidwa Mfundo Iosifa Vladimirova, amene anathera kufunafuna aesthetics ndi benchmarks yoyenera. Mwa njira, iye anali bwenzi ndi mnzake wa Ushakov.

Mu ntchito zake Vladimirov munanena kuti Khristu Ushakova sunalembedwe malinga ndi ovomerezeka. Komabe, mu mawonekedwe, iye adza zambiri zomveka kwa anthu wamba. Pambuyo pake, ambiri motsogozedwa ndi Simoni Ushakov. "Nkhope Woyera," womwe adzakhala anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, ndi mutu waukulu iconography mu zaka kudza.

Yakhala njira ambiri odalirika kwa iconographer iliyonse.

ntchito Ushakov

Simon Ushakov anali wakhama kwambiri wojambula ndi zojambulajambula. Iwo lidakalipobe kwambiri za ntchito zake. Komabe ambiri a iwo anali mwatsoka asokoneza ndi anaukitsidwa pambuyo ana mbiri.

Kuposa chizindikiro ena a Annunciation zimasungika lero, Dona Wathu Vladimir, St. Feodora Stratilata, ndi Zinafika wa Mzimu Woyera, ndi kumene, Mpulumutsi.

Ntchito izi iconographer kutsimikizira mfundo yakuti iye anali patsogolo kwambiri kwa nthawi, munthu wamphatso zojambulajambula amene kwathunthu ziwanda njira zonse zodziwika nthawi imeneyo.

Ushakov kwenikweni anakana kujambula zithunzi pa zitsanzo wakale, monga chinali chizolowezi pa nthawi. Iye mwachangu odzipereka mokoma luso Western, omwe m'zaka za m'ma XVII ambiri atagonjetsa m'dziko la Russia.

Ushakov, kusunga mwambo wa wakale Russian chizindikiro kupenta kusukulu, si mantha kuyetsa. Iye anatulukira zikuchokera latsopano, iye anaphunzira pa toyesa abwino a Azungu, iye anayesetsa kupereka kanjedza pa zithunzi zawo za kayendedwe ndi umunthu.

Mtima Woyera ndi chiyani?

Mpulumutsi sanapangidwe ndi - fano wapadera wa Khristu iconography Russian. Ndi nkhope ya Mwana wa Mulungu pa matailosi kapena dongo bolodi.

Pali nthano zambiri za chiyambi cha chifaniziro mozizwitsa.

The choyamba - kum'mawa. Malinga ndi iye, mbiri likugwirizana ndi matenda a mfumu ya Edessa, amene analamulira ku Mesopotamia, mu Turkey ano. Malinga ndi nthano, pambuyo wina aluso, anatumiza kwa mfumu, sayenera kuimira Khristu, Mwana wa Mulungu anasamba kumaso, napukuta mpango wake, amene anasiya chifaniziro chake. Mpango anapatsa chithunzicho.

The mfundo yodabwitsa. Popeza pamene akutsuka ndevu Khristu linakhathamira, ndiye linasindikizidwa pa mpango ngati mphero khalidwe. Kuyambira pamenepo, akatswiri ambiri otchedwa chizindikiro ichi monga "Mpulumutsi M'madzi Brada".

Palinso kumadzulo akale mwambo. Iwo ananyamuka pakati pa XIII ndi XV zaka. masiku More yeniyeni osadziwika. Ambiri mwina kuonekera mwa friars Francis.

Masiku ano wachiyuda Veronica, amene anatsagana ndi Yesu mu ulendo wake womaliza kupita ku Kalvare. Pa nthawi imeneyi, iye anamupatsa nsalu mpango kwa Mwana wa Mulungu anatha misozi pa nkhope ya thukuta ndi mwazi. Nkhope ya Yesu komanso okhala pa mpango wake. Kuyambira pamenepo, chidina ndi kusungidwa mu Italy, pa Cathedral wa St. Peter pansi pa dzina la "chinsalu cha Veronica."

Polemekeza chochitika ena amati ndi kuwundana mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera lomwe lero quashed ndi zakuthambo. Mu malo ake ndi tsopano mu kuwundana Sextans.

Asayansi mobwerezabwereza anayesa kufufuza chithunzi anapatsidwa. Onse anali kupeza: amanena osati kujambula kapena zipangizo organic.