Soviet mainline zonyamula sitima ULI: history, makhalidwe luso

1937 anali chikhomo chifukwa Paris chifukwa cha Expo World zikuchitika kumeneko. "Fufuzani" (chikondi dzina la galimotolo sitima "Iosif Stalin") anamukwatira Grand Prix. Pa nthawiyo anali sitima mphamvu kwambiri ku Ulaya. Monga izo wakhala mu mbiri ya sitima Soviet nthunzi.

Pasadakhale

Nthunzi Engine anali Baibulo zonyamula ya kale katundu nthunzi Wand "Felix Dzerzhinsky", chopangidwa kuchokera 1931 mpaka mu 1941 pa Lugansk sitima mbewu. Izo analengedwa chifukwa cha angapo buku la zolowa - mu dziko anali mafakitale. Nthunzi Engine anali a mtundu 1-4-2. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Iye anali galimoto chitsulo chogwira matayala 4, ndi Müller ndi 2 thandizo chimango okhwima. Pa IS20-241 chitsanzo inali kuperekedwa kwa World Chiwonetsero. Opinion anaonekera chimodzi - sitima ichi patsogolo pa nthawi yake.

The sitima zonse zatsopano

Ndi chiyambi cha ulimi wa chozizwitsa cha luso unakhazikitsidwa kale mu United States sitima kwambiri kwa magalimoto zonyamula - "Mountain," "Hudson" ndi "Lokovanna". Yemweyo ofananira chilinganizo monga ICs, anali North America katundu chonyamulira Berkchir. Koma ndi mwapadera mwa njira zina pa sitima Soviet anaikira katundu makalata ndipo wina zoyendera pa mtunda wautali, kusunthira pa liwiro pang'onopang'ono m'njira katundu monga "2a".

zinthu kuvomerezedwa

Nthunzi Engine sanabwere balamanthu. Soviet nthunzi sitima anayamba kukhala ndi 20 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Popeza zinachitikira atasunga ndi Kolomna chomera ntchito sitima "Mikado" analengedwa mu 1929. Koma ntchito yomanga sadatsatire, ndipo mu 1931 anayamba kulenga sitima wamphamvu kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zofunika chachikulu chinali interchangeability pazipita mbali ndi injini nthunzi wakuti "Felix Dzerzhinsky". Komanso, Mpweya wotentha Engine anali kukhala samatha, 50% kuposa mu mtundu nthunzi Wand SU, kapena "kumatheka Sormovo" ( "kuuma"), opangidwa mu 1924.

mapulani zinaposa

Mu February, sewero unapatsidwa kwa ku Central Bureau of sitima kwa kapangidwe mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo mu April anamaliza kuwerengetsera lapansi. Zolinga anali kuposa - pa okonza anatha kukhala mosinthana ndi PD ali osati yamphamvu, kukatentha, chitsulo chogwira matayala-mabokosi, axles ndi mbali zina, iwo kunapangitsa kuti ntchito chiwembu cha masika kuyimitsidwa (a dongosolo kwa kusintha bodywork). Mu April, chitukuko cha kugwa kwa kapangidwe maofesi sitima zomera Kolomna, amene ndi nawo Izhora ogwira ntchito pa chiyambi cha October 1932 kutulutsa sitima yoyamba.

Kuposa ntchito chidwi

Pakutha December chaka chomwecho izo anasonkhanitsa sitima chachiwiri. Onse 1933 lachitsanzo izi ziri piloted mu njanji atatu - South, Catherine ndi October. Mphamvu ambiri amene anasonyeza sitima ya 2,500 HP, ndi kamodzi pa kuwuka kwa 8% m'deralo "Moscow Bologoe" kufika 3400 HP The apakatikati ndi maulendo awiri (anakonza 50 okha%) kuposa mphamvu "kuyanika". Waukulu ku Ulaya ndipo wakhala kukakamiza kukatentha (80 makilogalamu / mamita ² • h), zomwe zinaposa ngakhale umboni "FD" (65 makilogalamu / mamita ² • h).

Ikani pa mtsinje

Pa lotsatira chipani msonkhano unachitika mu 1934, zinali zofunika kusankha - Mpweya wotentha Engine mndandanda ( "Iosif Stalin") mu izi, wachiwiri dongosolo zaka zisanu ayenera kukhala waukulu zonyamula sitima ku paki ya dziko. Koma Kolomna fakitale analibe mphamvu, kuthamangira ku misa otaya sitima zoterozo. Pakutha 1935 anamasulidwa asanu okha. Komabe, anamanga mu 1927-1931 latsopano mbewu Voroshilov makina fakitale akhoza kupereka otaya za kumasulidwa kwa sitima ndi chipika zonenepa ndi lofanana mbali mafelemu.

Ngakhale bwino, okongola kwambiri

Umodzi wokha mu 1936 linatulutsidwa 3 sitima. Ena mfundo poyerekeza Kolomna injini nthunzi wakhala bwino Mwachitsanzo, makina amenewa ndi wachifundo 6-chitsulo chogwira matayala m'malo 4-chitsulo chogwira matayala, omwe analipo mu yapita asanu. Mtima madzi anakhala abwino ndi zambiri elongated mawonekedwe, amene bwino maonekedwe a injini ndi sitima lonse. Ndipo kale mu 1937 chomera mwa kuwonekera pa kupanga zikuluzikulu, chimabala 105 sitima. Koposa zonse, 174 zidutswa linatuluka mu 1940, nkhondo inayamba mu 1941, ali 81 sitima. Last nthunzi injini ija inatha kumanga Ulan-Ude mu 1942. Total sitima "Iosif Stalin" linatulutsidwa mayunitsi 649.

chitsanzo experimental

Mu 1937, Mpweya wotentha Engine analengedwa ndi kuyesera 20 16. chitsanzo anali faired. Umayang'ana sitima ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu amene kufunsa chifukwa chake, kupanga makina amenewa chipangizo kumbuyo mu 1937, tsopano dziko akugula kufanana zawo kunja? Makamaka chifukwa ngakhale mu 1930, mu mphepo mumphangayo sanatsatiridwe mayesero mabuku a injini mu nyumba streamlined. Chifukwa, chinapezeka kuti chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mawonekedwe mukhoza kupambana 200-250 HP, ndi kuchuluka liwiro. The sitima fomu iyi ndi mawilo chimbale akhoza kupanga izo mpaka 160 Km / h, amene panthawiyo anali ndi mbiri mtheradi. Kunja, iye anali kwambiri, zokongoletsa kwambiri.

amisiri Soviet

The kanyumba ndi pa mapeto a sitima nthunzi. Ofewa yekha anayi pa bogies awiri. IC sitima anali okonzeka ndi Westinghouse ananyema. Mwina zidzawonjezedwa kuti kukatentha anali firebox lonse, limene liposa chimango komanso anali American wamasiku poyambira denga ndi chipinda kuyaka. Mozizwitsa Soviet luso ganizo anali Mpweya wotentha Engine 20 16 amene specifications anali wangwiro kuti sanali zizigwirizana misewu. Sitima, kutsogozedwa ndi injini amenewa, amene amatchulidwa mu nthawi Soviet mthenga. Mwatsatanetsatane specifications, waife anthu aluso ali m'zinenero.

ena deta

Limodzi likhoza kuona kuti sitima "Iosif Stalin" anali nkhwangwa zisanu ndi ziwiri. Awa, anayi anali kutsogolera. PD kwa injini, monga tatchulazi, anali wolemekezeka ndi chilinganizo gudumu. misa ndi wofanana ndi matani 133, lumikiza misa 88 m, pafupifupi liwiro - 100-115 Km / h. sitima awa opareshoni ndi koopsa nthunzi ndi makina awiri yamphamvu zosavuta.

Kunyada zomangamanga - KODI sitima - tikuonera masitampu atatu Soviet. A wotchuka Soviet filimu anamasulidwa pambuyo pa nkhondo ( "The sitima amapita kum'mawa"), sitima ali adzitengere ulamuliro wa.