Soviet wasayansi, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa cosmonautics Yuri Kondratyuk: yonena, zikayenda bwino ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk - wasayansi wa USSR ndi White Alonda lomaliza. Iye anabadwa mu 1897 pa 9 June. Mu XX m'ma, izo kudziwa njira yodutsamo akadakwanitsira kwa mwezi - ". Kondratyuka njanji" Kenako anapezazo ake ntchito ndi NASA mu pulogalamuyi "Apollo". Tiganizire moposera kuposa ngakhale wotchuka Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk.

Wambiri chibadwire kuti chothaŵa

Real dzina la tsogolo la chapadera chithunzi wasayansi yosiyana. Yuri Kondratyuk - alias Alexander Ignatievitch Shargeya. Iye anabadwa mu Poltava, mu banja Russified Germany ndi Ayuda amene anatenga Chikatolika. Great-agogo anali Anton Andreevich Shlippenbah amene ankachita nawo nkhondo ya 1812

Alexander anakhala mwana mu nyumba agogo ake, ndi wachiwiri wa mwamuna wake. Iye anali mzamba, ndipo iye - dokotala dziko, ndipo kenako mutu wa nthambi lachitatu la Exchequer. Pamene chaka chimodzi, bambo ake anapita ku Germany, mu Darmstadt, kuphunzira pa tehshkole Apamwamba. Patapita nthawi, anayamba matenda amisala mayi, kuti iye anaikidwa ku chipatala pansi m. Small Budyscha. Apa iye anakhala moyo wake wonse.

Mu 1903 bambo zinasuntha mwana wake St. Petersburg. Apa, a m'banja lawo anakhala Helena Petrovna Giberman. Iye anali mwana wa gynecologist wotchuka, ndipo yomasulira mabuku zachipatala P. I. Mumafuna-Gibermana. Chaka chotsatira, mu 1907, Alexander amapita kusukulu pachilumba Vasilveskom. Mu 1910, iye anabadwa wake theka mlongo Nina. Mu chaka chomwecho bambo wake anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Alexander anabwerera kunyumba ya agogo ake.

Kuyambira mu 1910 kufika 1916 adalandira digiri wachiwiri Chachiwiri Poltava zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo anamaliza ndi munthu Mendulo siliva. Akamaliza maphunziro, Alexander akadzafika mu Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, makina dipatimenti (tsopano - St. Petersburg Polytechnic State University). Komabe, mu November 1916 pa foni wa asilikali iye anasamutsidwa kwa chilolezo sukulu. Isanafike demobilization a m'chaka cha 1918 nawo nkhondo patsogolo Turkey. Monga mkulu wa asilikali tsarist, pambuyo ulimi wa 1917 iye asonkhanitsidwa mu ankhondo a woyera, koma m'chipululu.

Pambuyo pa adani a Kiev Alexander Red Army anayesa kuthawa wapansi kunja. Koma iye anagwidwa ndi anabweretsa. Pansi ululu wa chokana kwa zakale mothandizidwa ndi akulera ana opeza lake Helen Giberman analandira zikalata latsopano. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anakhala Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, anabadwa mu 1900 mu chigawo Lutsk. Malinga ndi zikalata izi, anakhala nthawi otsala.

Woyamba ntchito ntchito

Kuyambira 1921 mpaka 1927 Yuri Kondratyuk ntchito mu Kuban, kum'mwera Ukraine, ndi North Caucasus. Apa iye anali greaser, magalimoto ndi ngolo, makaniko chikepe. Mu 1927 anasamukira ku Siberia atamuopseza wa KGB kupondereza. Kunali kosavuta kubisa pansi dzina labodza. Mu Novosibirsk, ndi Yuriy Kondratyuk zikuchoka kampani "Khleboprodukt". Apa iye amayenera kutenga mbali pomanga ndi kusintha kwa zikepe. Monga pa nthawi iyi, iye anamanga wotchuka "Mastodon" - .. zimakhala zazikulu, anaikira matani 13 zikwi a nyumba analengedwa popanda misomali limodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Yuri Kondratyuk anabwera kangapo Biisk. Kumene lectured pa mechanization njira yosungirako tirigu.

mayesero

Nthawiyi, kasamalidwe kampani "Khleboprodukt" nkhani zolembedwa m'mabuku a "Mastodon", amene analenga Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Kumangidwa pa milandu ya zonyoza zimayenda chinachitika mu 1930, July 30. kasamalidwe kampani anali anachenjeza kuti wolemba polojekiti, sikuti ntchito misomali, koma sanali ngakhale zojambula iliyonse. Chifukwa, pa mlandu Yuri Kondratyuk m'ndende zaka zitatu mu msasa. "Mastodon" komanso anaima kwa zaka zoposa 60 ndipo anagwetsa m'ma 90s pa moto.

zinthu zatsopano

Nthawiyi msasa linasintha ntchito aumbike mwa Novosibirsk Special Bureau № 14 akaidi akatswiri. Pali zinachitikadi chitukuko cha ntchito mabizinezi malasha. Chochitachi unachitikira Yuri Kondratyuk. mbiri yake wodzazidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana zochitika zodabwitsa. Choncho, ntchito mu chiwerengero ofesi 14, anatha kupeza eni luso m'munda zida migodi ndi migodi. Komanso, iye nkhani zingapo pa nkhani yeniyeni. Mwa iwo anali mutsogolo ndipo mofulumira malowedwe a migodi pa opalubnoy mechanization porodorubochnyh ndi ntchito simenti, analimbitsa simenti mulu dalaivala, ndi zina zotero.

Crimea mphepo munda

Pa kuli amasinthira apadera anakonza mpikisano kwa chilengedwe cha zina zachidule unsembe. Mfundo za Werengani ndi Yuri Kondratyuk. Angagwiritse WEC anagwira mu mgwirizano ndi Gorchakov. Patapita nthawi, ntchito anali wotanganidwa ndi Nikitin - mlengi wa TV nsanja Ostankino. The zina zachidule anamalizidwa kulembedwa November 1932 Olemba patapita nthawi yochepa saloledwa kupita ku likulu. Pa mpikisano wa polojekiti anali abwino kwambiri. Mu 1933, pa kuumirira kwa anthu Commissariat Kondratyuka amasulidwe mwamsanga kuthamangitsidwa. Pakuti 1934 lotsatira kapangidwe mphepo munda wakhala kwathunthu kuimaliza kukonza. Ntchito yomanga maziko inayamba mu 1937 paphiri la Ai-Petri. Komabe, mu lotsatira, 1938, ntchito inaima chifukwa chakuti maofesi mphepo yamphamvu mphamvu. Pa zaka ziwiri zotsatira Kondratiuk cholinga woyendetsa yaing'ono WPP.

chidwi Ndipotu

Pamene ntchito pa zina zachidule zinachitikira mphepo, amene anali Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, mbiri, zikayenda chidwi lake S. P. Koroleva. Titawerenga komaliza pa mgwirizano ndi. Komabe, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich mwatsatanetsatane ichi sakuvomereza. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iye anafotokoza kulephera kwa kudzipereka wogwila zokhudza ntchito mphepo munda. Malinga ndi zina, chifukwa anali kuti ntchito zokhudza ntchito ya usilikali, mosamalitsa olamulidwa ndi NKVD. Pankhani ya yachinsinsi akanakhoza kutsegula zakale whiteguard ndi mfundo za falsification mapepala. zotsatira zake zingakhale kwambiri.

Nawo ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, Yuri Kondratyuk m'gulu asilikali mongodzipereka. Iye analembetsa 2 oyenda Regiment wa 21 TH Division wa chigawo Moscow wa Kiev, ku kampani ya kulankhulana, telephonist. Mu October 1941, unit mwa chilengedwe. Kenako Kondratiuk anatumikira ku kampani zikugwirizana wa 47. oyenda Regiment wa Division 194th. Pambuyo pake, iye anali mkulu wa prokomvzvoda ndi kulekana kwa 1st Battalion, gawo la mapangidwe 2 a 49 asilikali Western. Malinga ndi kulowa "Book of Memory" Yuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) iye anamwalira mu 1942, pa February 25. Iye anaikidwa mu dera Orel, pafupi ndi mudzi. Krivtsovo.

astronautics anayambitsa

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk m'zaka za ntchito yake ntchito yatulusa mabuku angapo. Choncho, kaya Tsiolkovskii, iye anatha tikuona njira yoyambirira ya aone kuti pali chachikulu Bomba. Komanso Kondratjuk anafotokoza anayi gawo dera ndi kuwongola ndi oxyhydrogen mafuta paraboloidal nozzle m'chipinda injini kuyaka ndi malo movutikira wa nozzles ndi zina ndi zina. Onse amene ananenera m'buku lake "Amene kuwerenga kuti amange" mu 1919

mfundo zofunikira

Mu ntchito yake Kondratyuk ananena kuti:

1. Ikani mpweya kukana pa braking roketi pa chuma mbadwa mafuta.
2. Onetsani chombo pa ndege kuti mapulaneti ena kuti kanjira ya Kanema yokumba. Ankafika anthu ndi kubwerera ku siteshoni kuti ntchito yaing'ono ankafika unsembe. Maganizowa yagwiridwira mu pulogalamuyi "Apollo".
3. Ntchito m'munda yokoka kuchokera colliding zinthu zakuthambo kwa dorazgona kapena braking pamene akuwuluka kudutsa dongosolo la zowalitsa. Maganizowa umatchedwa "ovutitsa kuzemba."

Mu pepala yemweyo Kondratiuk ankaona n'zotheka ntchito dzuwa mphamvu zopangira kachitidwe spacecraft a adakwera, komanso pa dziko lapansi kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira kalirole lalikulu pounikira padziko lapansili.

The ntchito yachiwiri

Mu 1929, iye Mlembi buku anagonjetsa danga interplanetary. Iwo Kondratiuk awafotokozera ndondomeko ya mbali yoyamba ya kufufuza malo, amene akambidwa mu ntchito yake yoyamba. Choncho, buku latsopano, wolemba akufuna kugwira ntchito yobweretsa nthambi mu dziko kanjira ndi chida ndi zida zankhondo kachitidwe. Lero, njira akuyendera mawonekedwe zoyendera ndi katundu zombo monga "Patsogolo". Komanso m'buku Kondratiuk kufufuza mafunso okhudza chitetezo matenthedwe wa spacecraft pa kusamutsidwa awo mu mlengalenga.

chikumbukiro

Ine kuika kwambiri khama kubwezeretsa dzina la Yuri Kondratyuk mnzake wake, ndi m'bale-ndiyeno kupanga kupanga maudindo awo. Lavochkin zina kuti adzipeza Romanenko. Akapuma anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa utolankhani "interplanetary". Pokumbukira zinthu zazikulu Kondratyuka analengedwa zipilala ambiri, m'misewu dzina lake, anapereka ndalama chamadzulo. Choncho, zipilala anaika mu Poltava, mu Komsomolsk (ku koleji). Mu chigawo cha Krasnodar Gawo mu Art Krylovskaya. October, kowonera zakale chikumbukiro Kondratyuk. Popeza 1992, izo chikutchedwa Novosibirsk Azamlengalenga Lyceum. Mu Novosibirsk ndi Kiev ndi msewu Kondratyuk. Chakumapeto, m'nyumba ina anakhazikitsidwa chikwangwani cha chikumbutso. Mu Ukraine, pa nthawi Komanso unakhazikitsidwa Zikho. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. Mu 1997, dzina lake linaperekedwa kwa Poltava tehuniversitetu. Panopa, ndi National Institute zaumisiri. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. Mu 1970, dzina lake ndi chimodzi mwa zimaphala kumbali n'zosiyana wa Moon dzina lake. Mu likulu la Russia - Moscow - panopa Str. Kondratyuk, omwe ali mbali ya zovuta m'kati malo wodzipereka kwa kufufuza malo. Mpaka 1965, msewu uwu ankatchedwa 2 Novoostankinsky kanjira. Mu 1997, ku Ukraine chitsanzo Ufulu ndalama linaperekedwa, ndipo mu 2007 - masitampu awiri positi ndi dzina Kondratyuk. Street anadzipereka pokumbukira chithunzi, ndi mu Rubtsovsk. Apa ndi imodzi mwa makampani wamkulu mu processing ndi kusunga mankhwala mbewu. Kamen-na-Obi - mzinda inamangidwa ndi wotchuka "Mastodon" - pali msewu Kondratyuk. Pa padoko anamangapo chipilala polemekeza mlengi. Mu 2012, June 21, kufufuza injini "Google" chizindikiro kuika mu ulemu wa Kondratyuk. Mu 2014, October 18, chabwino chithunzi sayansi ndi mlengi anavomerezedwa mu Alamogordo mu zomera otchuka padziko lonse. Mu Orel, mu Bolhovskom District, m'dera la chikumbutso yapafupi ndi mudziwo kumanga chikumbutso chizindikiro Krivtsovo Kondratyuk, amene mwamva anafa pano pa wamagazi nkhondo World nkhondo II.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale kale unali mwachilungamo odana Soviet, Yuri Kondratyuk anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha cosmonautics Russian, zomangamanga, zomangamanga ndi chiwerengero cha kumabungwe ena okhudzidwa a dziko. mabuku ake akhala ntchito ambiri othandiza osati Russia komanso kunja. Mwatsoka, panalibe mwayi wotero chifukwa kuzindikira kuthekera kulenga ndi sayansi zaka chisanadze nkhondo. Komabe Kondratyuk anatha kulenga kwambiri ntchito zimene anapanga mbali yaikulu mu mbiri za dziko. Iwo kusiyana ndi malingaliro mumangidwa mphamvu, mtima kwambiri zonse zimene anachita. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu kubwezeretsa kwa chikumbukiro zinali ntchito Romanenko. Makamaka kumuyamikila anadziwika kuti mbiri mfundo zambiri Kondratyuk. Romanenko lofalitsidwa buku tinadzipereka kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya mnzake lake laulemerero ndi m'bale msilikali. Ngati si imfa yake mu nkhondo ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, zikuoneka dziko kuphunzira za kutulukira zinthu zatsopano ndiponso achita Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka. Ambiri a chitukuko ndi ntchito pa mphindi.