State ndi Law. Art. 181 Civil Code ya Russian Federation ndi ndemanga

Art. 181 ya Civil Code (m'mawu atsopano) amakhazikitsa lamulo la zopereka zokhudzana ndi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zomveka zovomerezeka mwadzidzidzi podziwa kuti palibenso zosamalidwa. Chizoloŵezichi chimatsimikiziranso nthawi imene mawerengedwe a nthawi yomwe amalembedwa amayamba. Tiyeni tikambirane zamakono. 181 Civil Code ya Russian Federation ndi ndemanga za 2015

Malingaliro otumiza zonena za kusavomerezeka kwa zosamalidwa zopanda kanthu

Nthawi yodzinenera pazinthu zoterezi ndi zaka 3. Kuwerengera kwa nyengoyi kumayambira ndi tsiku lachigwirizano chopanda pake. Izi zikhoza kuperekedwa ndi nkhaniyi, osati kutenga nawo mbali mgwirizano walamulo wotsutsana. Kwa iye, kutalika kwa mawuwo sikungakhale zaka zoposa 10. Kuwerengera kwa nyengo kumayambira kuyambira tsiku limene munthu wodalirika adapeza kapena akudziwa kuti ntchitoyo ikuchitika.

P. 2 tbsp. 181 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation

Lamulo la zofooka pa zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zosavomerezeka zimakhala zosavomerezeka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zake ndi chaka chimodzi. Nthawiyi ikuwerengedwera kuyambira tsiku la kutha kwa zoopseza kapena zachiwawa, zomwe mgwirizano womwewo uli nawo. Chiyambi cha nyengo chingagwirizanenso ndi tsiku limene wotsutsayo adakhalapo kapena ayenera kudziwa zina zomwe zimalola kuvomerezedwa kwa mlanduwu.

Art. 181 Civil Code ya Russian Federation (ndi ndemanga za 2015)

Zowonongeka zomwe zimaganiziridwa zikufotokozera milandu yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali yomwe imakhala yosamveka komanso yosafunika. Kwa nthawi zoyamba, zomwe zanenedwa kale, zinakhala zofanana. M'chiwonetsero cha Art. 181 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation, lamulo la kuchepa kwa zinthu zosafunika kwenikweni linachepetsedwa kufikira zaka zitatu. Kuyambira pa 01.01.1995 (kuyambira tsiku loyamba la chigawo) kuyambira 26.07.2005 (lamulo la Federal Law No. 109 lisanakhazikitsidwe), nthawiyi inali zaka 10. Izi zikuwoneka kuti ziri zolondola, makamaka pokhudzana ndi malonda omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito asanavomerezedwe.

Komabe, patapita nthawi anayamba kupanga zovuta zina pofuna kutsimikizira kuti malamulo ndi ndondomeko za chuma ndizochitika pazinthu zogwirira ntchito. Kumbali imodzi, mkati mwa zaka 5-10 mwiniwake wa chinthucho akhoza kusintha kangapo, ndipo lero, monga lamulo, mwiniwakeyo tsopano akuwoneka kuti ndi wachikumbumtima. Kumbali ina, chizolowezi chojambula. 181 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation ikusonyeza kuti zaka zitatu zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa kuti zikhale zosafunika kwenikweni zimateteza zofuna za munthuyo.

Kufunika kwa nkhaniyi

Ndemanga pazojambula. 181 a Civil Code amasonyeza maganizo a akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ambiri a iwo amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwe amagwirizana, omwe amawombera ku zotsatirazi. Zakale za nthawi yaitali kale zinali zovuta kwambiri kuthetsa chigamulo cha milandu chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha kusowa kwa umboni, mwayi wowonjezereka wa kusinkhasinkha kwa mikhalidwe, anthu omwe akutsutsana, ndi zina zotero. Zambirizi ndi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pakupanga chisankho choyenera, chomwe chinapanga zofunikira pakupanga zolakwika zolakwika ndi zotsatira zofanana. Pangani nthawi yokwanira mu Art. 181 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation imathandiza kuti chigwirizano chitheke, kuthetseratu kusatsimikizika pakati pa anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito mosayembekezereka akuchokera nthawi yayitali.

Kukula kwa ntchito ndi ufulu

Nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta pochita malonda ndi ochita malonda. Pofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ntchito ndi ufulu, maphunziro amathetsa mikangano m'kanthawi kochepa. Kulibe malire oyenerera kuti chitetezo cha zofuna chikhale ndi zotsatira zoipa kwa otsutsa ndi anthu ena. Izi zinali makamaka chifukwa chakuti ophunzirawo sakanatha kuganizira nthawi zonse kufunika kokasunga ndi kusunga umboni. Yakhazikika mu Art. 181 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation amachititsa kuti maphwando azikhala otetezedwa pazinthu zapagulu popereka zifukwa zopanda nzeru, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuti azisamalira kukhazikitsa ndi kuteteza ufulu wawo. Zotsatira zake, zonsezi zimapangitsa kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha zachuma ndi zachuma.

Zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali

Mu ndime yoyamba ya Art. 181 a Civil Code amasonyeza kuti nthawiyi ikuwerengedwera kuyambira tsiku limene mawu a msonkhanowo adayamba, koma osati tsiku limene phunzirolo adaphunzira kapena akanayenera kuphunzira za kuphwanya ufulu wawo. Muzojambula. 166 ndime 1 imatsimikiziridwa kuti ntchito yochepa idzaonedwa kuti ndi yosavomerezeka, mosasamala kanthu kuti idazindikiridwa ndi khoti kapena ayi. Mukakwaniritsa zofunikira mu gawo la kulingalira, payenera kukhala ndi chisonyezo choyenera. Kuchita kosafunikira kwenikweni, monga momwe kumadziwira, sikungapangitse zotsatira zalamulo. Pachifukwa ichi, kulephera kwake kungakhoze kuzindikiridwa kokha kuchokera nthawi yomwe iyo yapangidwa. Poyamba kuwerengera nthawi yayitali, ndikwanira kuti phwando lina likuyamba kuligwiritsa ntchito.

Kutenga mbali kwa anthu atatu

Kuchita kopanda phindu kungathe kusokoneza zofuna za anthu okhawo omwe amadziwa za kukwaniritsidwa kwake. Makamaka, m'magulu a nyumba, nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo malo omwe anthu ogona nyumba omwe sanagwiritsire ntchito ngati makontrakitala sangathe kuteteza ufulu wa zinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizofala. Mwachitsanzo, kulankhula ndi za attics, cellars ndi malo ena. Kawirikawiri, akuluakulu am'deralo amasamutsa zinthu izi kukhala eni ake kapena kubwerekedwa kunja. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, lamuloli linalongosola malamulo owerengera nthawi yomwe amalephera kugwiritsira ntchito.

Motero, malinga ndi ndime 42 ya Chisankho Chachikulu cha Khoti Lalikulu la Arbitration No. 29 la 15 December 2004, linatsimikiziridwa kuti chinthu choletsera mikangano pazifukwa zopezeka pa ndime 2 ndi 3 za Art. 103 FZ "Pa Bankruptcy", ikhoza kutumizidwa ndi wobwereketsa kapena woyang'anira kunja kunja kwa chaka. Zenizeni za chiwerengero cha mawuwo zakhazikitsidwa pano. Zimayamba ndi mphindi pamene ntchitoyo inayamba kapena iyenera kudziwika kwa woyang'anira kunja kunja (ngati atachita ngati wopempha), osati kwa wobwereketsa. Ngati akusowa tsiku lomaliza pa nkhaniyi, sizingatheke.

Zizindikiro za kuvomereza zosayenera

Kukhutira ndi zofunikira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi woyang'anira kunja akuloledwa ngati, pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa malonda omwe atumizira mlanduyo, wobwereketsayo wagwira ntchito kapena akhoza kubwezeretsa. Chigwirizano chochitidwa ndi munthu aliyense pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa khoti la pempho la kuzindikiritsa za bankruptcy ya wobwereka kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yisanafikeyo ikhonza kukhala yosavomerezeka. Mkhalidwe wotsatira uyenera kukhutira. Chogulitsacho chiyenera kutenga chisangalalo chapadera chazinthu za ena ngongole pamaso pa ena onse.

Chidziwitso cha Chap. 9.1 ya Civil Code

Muzojambula. 181.1 Civil Code inakhazikitsa zofunika kwambiri. Malingana ndi iwo, malamulo onse omwe ali mu chaputalachi, akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pokhapokha ngati palibe lamulo kapena lamulo lofotokozedwa. Pochita makampani akuluakulu, msonkhano waukulu umathandiza kwambiri pakupanga zisankho. Gawo lachiwiri la Art. 181.1 Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazimenezi zimayambitsa zotsatira za malamulo pa chiyambi cha zomwe akuuzidwa, kwa mabungwe onse omwe ali ndi ufulu wochita nawo, ndi anthu ena, ngati amachokera ku chikhalidwe cha ubale kapena kutsatira malamulo.

Kupanga zisankho pamisonkhano

Zotsatira za ndondomeko zimatchulidwa mu Art. 181.2 Civil Code ya Russian Federation. Chochita chofananacho chidzaonedwa kuti chivomerezedwa ngati ambiri a mavoti awo aponyedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu onse ayenera kukhalapo pamsonkhano. Kupanga zisankho pakuperekera voti kumaloledwa. Mukamaphatikizapo nkhani zingapo pa zokambirana, zosankha pazovomerezedwa mosiyana. Njira ina ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi ophunzira a kampaniyo, ngati mwavomerezedwa aliyense akuvotera chimodzimodzi. Cholinga chopanga chisankho chimakhazikitsidwa ndi protocol. Chilembacho chasindikizidwa ndi mlembi ndi tcheyamani wa msonkhano. Pulogalamuyo imati:

1. Malo, nthawi ndi tsiku la msonkhano.
2. Zambiri za nkhani zomwe zinagwira nawo ntchito.
3. Zotsatira za kuvota zomwe zinachitika pamsonkhano. Zinalembedwa padera pamagazini iliyonse pamasom'pamaso.
4. Deta pamitu yomwe imaloledwa kuvota kuwerengera.
5. Chidziwitso chokhudza anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chisankho chomwe adakambirana ndipo adafuna kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza mbiriyo.

Kusamvana kwa zisankho

Za izo zimauzidwa mu luso. 181.4 Civil Code ya Russian Federation. Malingana ndi chizoloŵezi, chigamulo chovomerezeka pamsonkhano chikhoza kulengezedwa kuti palibe cholakwika ndi khoti ngati kuswa kwa malamulo akuwululidwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwa zina, izi:

1. Kulephera kutsatira ndondomeko yokonzekera, kusonkhanitsa, kugwira ntchito, ngati izi zakhudza chifuniro cha ophunzira ake.
2. Kusakhala ndi ulamuliro wa munthu yemwe analankhula m'malo mwa membala wa msonkhano.
3. Kulingalira za kufanana kwa ufulu wa anthu omwe akuchita nawo mwambowu.
4. Kuphwanya malamulo a kulembedwa kwa protocol.

Chigamulo chomwe amachitira pamsonkhano sichitha kulengeza kuti palibe chifukwa chotsatira ndondomeko ya chivomerezo chake, ngati chikutsimikiziridwa ndi chigamulo chotsatirachi chidzaperekedwa malinga ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa, mpaka kumapeto kwa zokambiranazo.

Zapamwamba

Chisankho cha msonkhanowo chikhoza kutsutsidwa ndi membala wa anthu omwe sanachite nawo kapena kuvotera "motsutsa". Ufulu woyenera kuchitapo kanthu ndi wofunika kwambiri, amene adasiya kapena kuvotera chigamulocho, ngati chifuniro chake chiphwanyidwa panthawi yolandila. Kusankha kwa msonkhanowu sikungadziwike ngati kosavomerezeka ngati kuvota kwa bungwe lawo lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi ilo sikungakhudzire kukhazikitsidwa kwake, ndipo ilolo silinakhudze zotsatira zovuta kwambiri. Mukhoza kutsutsa chisankho mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuwerengera kwa mawu kumayambira kuyambira tsiku limene nkhani zomwe ufulu wawo unaphwanyidwa, ziyenera kuti zinaphunzira kapena kuziphunzira za izo. Pankhaniyi, chiwerengerochi chiyenera kutumizidwa pasanathe zaka ziwiri kuchokera tsiku limene chidziwitso chokhudza chigamulochi chinaperekedwa kwa anthu onse a gulu lino.

Kutsiliza

Chigamulo chomwe chimatsutsa chisankho chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi msonkhanowo chiyenera kudziwitsa pasanakhale anthu a kampaniyo mwa kulemba za cholinga chawo kuti apereke kukhoti. Kuonjezera apo, ayenera kuwapatsa zina zambiri zogwirizana ndi mlanduwo. Anthu omwe sanavomereze milanduyo malinga ndi lamuloli, komanso omwe ali ndi zifukwa zowonjezera, sangathe kupititsa khotilo ndi zofunikira kuti adziwe chisankhocho. Kupatulapo zifukwa zomwe sanatumizire kukana kwawo, bungwe lovomerezeka limaona kuti ndi lolemekezeka. Kulephera kwa chisankho chosemphana ndi malamulo, chovomerezedwa ndi khothi, chimayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira nthawi yomwe athandizidwira.