Kodi chikwati cha gay chiri kuti chiloledwa? Mndandanda wa mayiko omwe kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaloledwa

Funso lokhudza kumene kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha likuloledwa ndi chidwi kwa anthu ambiri. Ife mu Russian Federation mulibe lamulo lolola kulembetsa mgwirizano wotero, ndipo sudzavomerezedwa konse, koma pali mayiko ochuluka padziko lapansi kumene izi zingatheke.

Malamulo adagonjetsedwa tisanakhale 2000

Choncho, kuyankhula za kumene kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumaloledwa, muyenera kunena za mayiko omwe analola kulemba ubale wotere m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Choncho, Denmark inali yololera kwambiri. Iye akulemba mndandanda wa mayiko kumene maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaloledwa , popeza lamulolo linaperekedwa kumeneko mu 1986.

Chotsatira ndi Norway. Kumeneku, lamulo la chilolezo chokwatirana pakati pa anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha linakhazikitsidwa mu 1993. Zowonjezereka, mgwirizano wadziko. Mwalamulo, ndiko, ndi kulembetsa, kokha mu 2009. Kuchokera mu 1995, Sweden yaloledwa kulembetsa mgwirizano, komanso ukwati wokwatirana ndi amuna okhaokha - komanso ku Norway, kuyambira 2009. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, koma ku Bulgaria boma limapatsa ufulu wogwirizanitsa zachuma (zokhudza ntchito zachipatala, cholowa, obwereza ndi kuikidwa m'manda). Kuyambira mu 2009, anthu oterewa amaloledwa kukwatira mwalamulo. Ufulu wokha wosintha dzina ndi kulandira ana sikutchulidwa.

Kuchokera mu 1996, lamulo lofotokozedwa ndi Iceland - pali anthu omwe si achikhalidwe angakwatire ndi kukhala amodzimodzi monga ena onse, ndi ufulu wonse. Ku Holland - chimodzimodzi, koma kuyambira 1998. Mwa njira, dziko lino ndilo linali loyamba kufotokozera mawu oti "kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" mu lamulo.

Malamulo pambuyo pa 2000

Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XXI, mayiko kumene maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaloledwa, awonjezera pa mndandanda wawo. Mwachiwonekere, lingaliro ngati kulekerera lafala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 2001, Finland yaloledwa kulemba maubwenzi amenewa, ndipo abwenzi amapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi ana komanso kutengapo mayina awo. Kuchokera mu 2001, dziko la Germany lapangana kuti lizindikire mgwirizano wa moyo wonse, komabe iwo saganizira maukwati onse.

Portugal m'chaka cha 2001 nayenso adalandira dongosolo limeneli. Belgium - kuyambira 2003, komanso Croatia. Luxembourg inalowa ku mayiko a ku Ulaya, kumene mabanja okwatirana okha amaloledwa, mu 2004. New Zealand inakonza dongosololi panthawi yomweyo. Ku Spain, lamulolo linavomerezedwa mu 2005, monga ku Canada, ndi ku Switzerland. Ndipo, potsiriza, Ireland ndi Argentina adagwirizana nawo mndandanda wa mayiko olekerera mu 2009 ndi 2010, motero.

Zosangalatsa

Kulankhula za kumene mabanja okwatirana okhaokha amaloledwa, sizingatchulepo mfundo zochepa zokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi. Kotero, banja loyambirira, lovomerezeka ubale wawo, linali achinyamata awiri. Izi ndi Eigil ndi Axel Axgily. Iwo ndi nzika za Denmark. Analembetsa ukwati umenewu mu 1989, pa 1 Oktoba, - pomwe lamulo la mgwirizano wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha linalowa mwamphamvu.

Mu July 2010, zinthu zosayembekezeka zinachitika. Johanna Sigurdardottir - mkazi yemwe ali ndi udindo wa pulezidenti wa Iceland, adalowa m'banja lachiwerewere. Kotero, iwo anali oyamba m'dziko lonse la dziko lalikulu lomwe linakhazikitsa mgwirizano woterowo.

Ndipo, potsiriza, chowonadi chimene anthu ambiri amaganizira moyenerera, cholakwika. Kuyambira mu 2007, mpingo wa Swedish Lutheran wayamba kudalitsa ubale umenewu. Zinali zosanakhaleko. Motero, dziko la Sweden linali dziko loyambirira mudziko lomwe kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunaloledwa ndi tchalitchi chachikulu. Koma sizo zonse. Kuyambira mu 2009, iwo amachititsa ukwati.

The Netherlands

Kotero, pokamba za mayiko kumene maukwati ogonana amuna okhaokha amaloledwa, sikutheka kunena za iwo ndi malamulo awo mwatsatanetsatane kuti timvetsetse bwino za makonzedwe ameneŵa, omwe ife, a Russia, tikuwoneka kuti sakuvomerezeka. Dziko la Netherlands ndilo dziko loyambirira kuti likhale lovomerezeka mwakhama ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mwa njirayi, gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa maubwenzi amenewo ndi msonkhano wa mayiko wa Cairo wa United Nations, womwe umakhudza anthu. Kenaka mawu ambiri adanenedwa pazofanana ndi zofanana. Kotero panali lingaliro lokhudza kulemba mgwirizano pakati pa atsikana awiri kapena anyamata.

Choncho, ku Netherlands anthu omwe si achikhalidwe amatha kukwatirana, kupereka mwambo wamba ku mayendedwe. Mmodzi wa iwo ayenera kukhala nzika ya dziko lino. Akuluakulu, komabe ali ndi ufulu kukana kulembedwa kwa maubwenzi awo. Komanso, ufulu wokhala ndi ana ndi wochepa. N'zotheka, koma ana okha, omwe ndi anthu a ku Netherlands. Ndipo izo zidzakhala zenizeni kokha ngati banjali lidzakhala limodzi kwa zaka zosachepera zitatu. Mu mndandanda muli zofunikira zina - malo abwino azachuma, zinthu zoyenera, ndi zina zotero.

Belgium

Chikhalidwe ichi chimalowanso amuna kuti alowe mu ubale wina ndi mzake, komanso amayi. Kulankhula za kumene mabanja okwatirana okhaokha amaloledwa ku Ulaya, ndiyenera kutchula dziko lino. Belgium ndi dziko lachiwiri pambuyo pa Netherlands lomwe linakhazikitsa lamulo lolembetsa maubwenzi amenewa. Amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anapatsidwa ufulu wofanana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Mtsutso waukulu womwe boma la Belgium linagwiritsa ntchito ndizofuna anthu ambiri omwe amatsatira zofuna zogonana zotsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo laling'ono. A Belgium adapempha kuti aziwapatsa ufulu womwe ena anali nao. Boma linagwirizana mu 2003. Ndipo mu 2006, avomereza kale thandizo lomwe limapatsa anthu otere mwayi wokhala ndi ana.

Canada

Iyi ndi dziko lachinai lomwe laganiza zolembetsa maukwati amenewa. Chochitika chofunika chinachitika mu 2005, pa July 20. Ndalamayi, mwa njira, inali imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyumba yamalamulo. Kwa zaka zingapo, oimira lamulo ndi boma ankatsutsa ngati n'zotheka kuvomereza izo, kapena ayi. Panali otsutsa ambiri, koma panalipo okwanira ngati anthu amalingaliro a lingaliro ili.

Chilamulo chinavomerezedwa. Malingana ndi iye, asungwana ndi anyamata angathe kukwatira woimira amuna kapena akazi anzawo kulikonse (tikukamba za Canada, ndithudi). Ndipo onse okwatirana ali ndi mwayi wolandira kapena kulera mwana kumasiye.

USA

Ayeneranso kulembetsa zomwe zimaloledwa. Ku United States, anthu omwe ali ndi ziwalo zochepa zogonana anayamba kumenyera ufulu wawo wolembetsa ubale wawo kale - kuyambira 1970. Koma akuluakulu a boma ankayang'anitsitsa kwambiri mmene angathere. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, pamene mau okhudza maukwati pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi maganizo osiyana nawo anayamba kufalikira ku Ulaya, Achimereka anayamba kukwiya. Pamapeto pake, malamulo adalandiridwa kuti alowe mu ubale pakati pa oimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Vermont ndi boma loyamba ku America komwe linaloledwa kukwatira anthu oterewa. Yachiŵiri inali Massachusetts. Wachitatu ndi California. Kumeneko, kulembetsa maukwati pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunayamba mu 2008, kuyambira pa 16 Juni. M'miyezi yoyamba, mabanja 18,000 anagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga ndi kukwatira! Komano lamulo, motero, linathetsedwa, ndipo maukwati anasiya kutha. Anthu oposa 50% a ku California (omwe ali 52.1%) sankagwirizana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Koma pambuyo pa mayesero aatali mu February 2012, Khoti Lalikulu la Kuwunika la San Francisco linathetsa kuletsa maukwati pakati pa anthu omwe amagonana nawo.

Mu 2008, lamuloli linaletsedwanso ku Connecticut. Iowa mu 2009 anazindikira kuti kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndibwino. Anatsatiridwa ndi New Hampshire ndi Maine. Kenaka adathandizira ndalamazo ndi New York, ndipo pambuyo pake - Maryland. Mkhalidwe wotsiriza wolekerera unali Washington.

Maiko Ena

Mu 2009, dziko la Mexico linalowa m'mayiko olekerera. Mexico City ndilo mzinda woyamba ku Latin America, komwe ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ukhoza kuthetsedwa.

Argentina inalembedwa ku mndandanda wa mayiko olekerera mu 2010. Ndipo zaka zambiri izi zisanafike, mu 2002, dzikoli linayamba kukhala loyamba ku Latin American, lomwe linaloledwa kuti anthu amodzimodzi azikhala pamodzi. Komabe, sankaloledwa kusangalala ndi ufulu wokondana ndi amuna ndi akazi okhaokha.

Mu 2011, osati kale kwambiri, Khoti Lalikulu la Brazil linaloleza kulemba maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Koma, zogwira mtima, mudziko ili palibe lamulo la federal lotsimikizira izi.

Ndi mau angapo okhudza maiko a ku Ulaya, omwe mabanja okwatirana amodzi amaloledwa. Ku Britain, lamulo silinayambe kale kwambiri, patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka lapitalo. Amuna ndi akazi akhoza kukwatira mmalo mwa miyambo yachikhalidwe ndi ya tchalitchi. Koma osati mu Mpingo wa England - ichi ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi. France inagwirizana ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya, kumene mabanja okwatirana okhaokha amaloledwa, mu 2013. Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ankaloledwa kusayina ndi kulera ana.

Russian Federation

Pa gawo la dziko lathu kulembetsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sizowona, chifukwa lamulo la Russia silinena kuti n'zotheka kupanga chiyanjano choterocho. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe anamaliza kumalo ena (kumene amaloledwa) sali ovomerezeka m'gawo lathu. Maziko a malamulo a dziko, izi zimatsutsana.

Ku Russia, sizidzawoneka kuti zidzaloledwa kukwatirana ndi amuna omwe amagonana nawo. Tili ndi lingaliro losiyana, chikhalidwe china ndi chikhalidwe. Azandale a Russia, mofanana ndi nzika zambiri za dziko lathu, amanena kuti maukwati oterewa sali okha omwe amachititsa kuti dziko liwonongeke, komanso chinthu chomwe chimawononga makhalidwe abwino ndi maziko a anthu. Chabwino, aliyense ali ndi lingaliro lake pa izi, ndipo malamulo mu dziko ali osiyana, koma ku Russia izi siziri, ndipo zambiri za izi ndi olandiridwa.