The zikuchokera konkire pa maziko: chiwerengero pa 1m3. Konkire pa maziko: zikuchokera

Nkhani wotchuka kwambiri yomanga ndi simenti. Popanda simungathe kumanga nyumba kapena njanji aliyense amaika mumsewu. Konkire - wamphamvu kwambiri cholimba zakuthupi, ngati kulimbikitsa zolimba, mphamvu ndi durability ndi kuchuluka kwambiri.

Maziko a dongosolo aliyense ndi maziko yosabala yekha kulemera kwa nyumba yonseyo, komanso mphepo ndi matalala katundu. Mwamphamvu ndi, apamwamba kwambiri akhoza kumanga.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya maziko: monolithic analimbitsa simenti, milu, precast konkire.

A chisakanizo konkire

Mu munthu nyumba za mtundu wina wotchuka maziko - ndi monolithic lamba. Ndi yosavuta ya kapangidwe, kuchotsa kufunika zipangizo zina zapadera ndipo paokha kusakaniza konkire pa maziko. Molingana - zikuchokera zigawo zikuluzikulu mu osakaniza ndi chiŵerengero awo. kuphwanya ake chingandithandize kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. M'malo olimba konkire, inu mukhoza kutenga nyumba ofooka nkhani kuwonongedwa mofulumira.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi zikuchokera konkire pa maziko. Anapangira zigawo zikuluzikulu za osakaniza kuti ukhale molondola kwambiri.

Kupeza apamwamba konkire, m'pofunika ntchito zabwino ndi kudzazidwa. The zikuchokera limapangidwa osakaniza mchenga, simenti wosweka mwala kapena miyala ndi madzi.

mchenga

Zimakhala masoka kapena yokumba. The tinthu kukula ranges kuchokera 1.2 kuti 3.5 mm. mchenga ayenera kukhala omasuka zosafunika monga dothi, matope ndi ena, kotero kuti tikwaniritse chiyero cha chuma, m'pofunika kuti asiyanitse ndi woyera. Pamene ukugwira ntchito mu zinthu yozizira m'pofunika kutenthetsa mchenga. Kuwonjezera mazira konkire akaphatikiza ndi zosayenela.

Miyala kapena mwala wosweka

Izi zipangizo inert ndi chigawo chachikulu cha konkire Kusakaniza. kuchuluka kwawo mu konkire ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 80%. nusu kukula ntchito pa 5 ndi 70 mm (malingana ndi ntchito). fillers iwonso kutsukidwa ku zodetsa.

simenti

Ndi mbali yaikulu, gawo la konkire pa maziko, chiwerengero chake mu osakaniza ayenera anakhalabe mosamala kwambiri. Pa izi zimatengera khalidwe, mphamvu ndi kalasi konkire. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito zapansi zida Portland simenti M300 kapena M400, yodziwika hardiness ndi mofulumira chitukuko mphamvu. Apamwamba kalasi ndi zodula ndi ntchito nyumba yaing'ono yovuta.

Kuti konkire khalidwe maziko, chiwerengero, zikuchokera m'gulu chisakanizo cha zigawo anakhalabe chimodzimodzi.

Alumali moyo mu simenti yaing'ono. Pamene inu kugula m'pofunika kuyang'ana pa tsiku chuma kupanga. Bwino kutenga simenti anapanga palibe pasanafike miyezi 1-2 zapitazo. Pamene yosayenera kusungidwa, iye amatha apeze chinyezi ndipo mwamsanga. Koma mu malo ouma kwa nthawi yaitali ali osavomerezeka sitolo. Motalikira ndi simenti, chindichepere amakhala chizindikiro chake ndi moyenera, kudzakhala mowa ndi zochepa durability.

Choncho, kusungiramo zinthu mkati miyezi 6 kuchepetsa chizindikiro ndi 25% pa chaka - ndi 40%, ndipo kwa zaka ziwiri mtundu ali halved. Ndiye M400 simenti adzatero M200, amene ali woyenera okha kuti njanji m'munda.

madzi

Ichi ndi zazikulu binder chigawo chimodzi, gawo la konkire pa maziko. Anapangira madzi ndi fillers ena kuchita masamu kutenga nkhani osalimba a konkire. Pakuti simenti molimba zikhale zochepa, ndi pulasitiki - kwambiri.

Mogwirizana wa madzi ndi simenti konkire wayamba mankhwala anachita solidification. Iyi ndi ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri, izo zimatengera mphamvu ya kapangidwe ndi. A mbali yofunika ndi ankaimba ndi khalidwe la madzi, palibe zosavomerezeka wodetsedwa mafuta mtundu mafuta, zidulo, sulfates. Zonsezi adzaswa konkire akuchiritsa ndondomeko. Inu simungakhoze ntchito madzi zinyalala kapena chithaphwi. ntchito bwino kutenga kumwa.

Kodi ndi kuchuluka kwa

Mu nyumbayi munthu kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala chimafotokozera chiwerengero cha konkire pa maziko. The zikuchokera akadakwanitsira wa osakaniza - ndi gawo limodzi simenti, magawo atatu a magawo anayi a mchenga ndi miyala wosweka (1/3/4). Madzi anatsanulira payekha. Ngati formwork kwambiri anatsindika, malowedwe bwino mu chimango mwala ndi zambiri ductile, ngati ayi, kumakhala kovuta kuchita, mofulumira ikamauma, mphamvu yake adzakhala apamwamba.

M'pofunika yomweyo kudziwa cholinga chimene mukufuna kupanga konkire. Ngati izi ndi njanji m'munda, ndiye iwo ali nazo zokwanira M100 konkire, ndiye m'pofunika polimbikitsa gawo lonse la 1/11. Ngati maziko kapena zina dongosolo udindo, simenti mu osakaniza ayenera ¼ ya kulemera okwana.

Pamene m'pofunika kupereka ndalama zina ndi zikuchokera konkire pa maziko, kuipa pa 1m3 anatengedwa ndi:

• Sand - 0.395 M3.
• Miyala - 0,87 M3.
• Simenti - 0,193 M3.
• Madzi - 0,179 M3.

Izi otaya zipangizo inert ndi kumanga mu konkire mtundu M200, ngati mukufuna kalasi apamwamba, kuchuluka kwa ukuwonjezeka simenti.

Pali chinthu monga chiŵerengero madzi simenti, izo zimatengera ntchito ndi khalidwe la osakaniza ndipo motero, ndipo dongosolo lonse.

Ngati inu kuwonjezera mfundo zambiri madzi, konkire plasticity kuwonjezeka, n'kosavuta Kusunga formwork, koma yafupika chizindikiro nthawi kolowera adzafunika kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera ang'onoang'ono kuchuluka kwa madzi kuwonjezera stiffness konkire, kuchokera stowage ake ndipo izi zimachititsa ndi nyumba kwambiri anatsindika mwina voids, zikubweretsa kufooka lonse monolithic tepi. Choncho ndikofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa madzi kudzipereka apamwamba khalidwe kusakaniza.

Mwachidule, kuti maziko abwino kwa zikuchokera konkire, anapangira madzi ndi simenti ayenera kukhala wotero kuti osakaniza anali odzaza mu nkhungu, osati anatsanulira. Aikidwa konkire kwenikweni nkhani kuti potero, zachitika kapena wapadera magetsi vibrator kapena njira kudzanja - fosholo, zovekera.

Kupanga konkire mu chosakanizira konkire

Pakuti mayiko concreting wa zomangamanga monolithic, pali mitundu ya akakhale opanga. Iwo akhoza kukhala mphamvu polkuba, pa mita kiyubiki ndi theka kiyubiki mamita kapena kuposa.

Kodi kupanga konkire pa maziko? Chiwerengero cha munthu mtanda akakhale opanga bottoms pafupifupi:

• Sand - 650 makilogalamu (kachulukidwe - 1400 makilogalamu / M3);
• macadam - 1300 makilogalamu (kachulukidwe - 1350 / M3);
• simenti - 300 - 350 makilogalamu (za 6-7 matumba);
• madzi - 180 makilogalamu.

linanena bungwe ndi simenti M300 (manambala amasonyeza kuti chitsanzo kyubu 10x10 masentimita konkire chilemba ichi chingathe kupirira ndi mphamvu compressive la makilogalamu 300 / cm2).

Pa mabizinezi kwa kupanga konkire osakaniza ntchito mchenga miyala, mmene chiŵerengero cha miyala ndi mchenga kale couched mu kufanana yoyenera.

Monga fillers onse ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi chochuluka kachulukidwe angathe kuyeza zidebe zikuchokera kwa maziko konkire. Kufanana mu ndowa adzakhala: simenti - mamita 25 43 mchenga, miyala - 90 Madzi - 18.

25 ndowa simenti - za 6-7 matumba (masamu pa 1 M3 konkire zopangapanga). Kwa chosakanizira yaing'ono simenti pa ndowa binder akutengedwa:

• mchenga - Funani zidebe ziwiri;
• wosweka mwala kapena miyala - ndowa zinayi;
• madzi - theka chidebe.

Inu mukhoza kutenga chiwerengero cha aggregates kuti kupeza chenicheni cha mtundu womwewo, koma zili simenti adzakhala osiyana.

The mawerengedwe a kuchuluka chofunika ndi zikuchokera konkire

The zojambula yomanga chikalata ntchito mwachindunji buku ntchito ndi kulemera kwa zipangizo zonse. Mu nyumbayi munthu, ngati palibe ntchito, mawerengedwe wapangidwa paokha. Nkofunika kupeza zikuchokera lamanja la konkire pa maziko. Kodi kuwerengera izo mu dongosolo kuti muphonye?

Choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka konkire zofunika buku lonse la kukonza. M'pofunika m'litali kwa maziko lonse la wozungulira lapansi. Kanyumba ankaona payokha. Mwachitsanzo m'Galimoto kutalika -. Mamita 10 yakukha, kutalika - 1 m, m'lifupi - mamita 0.5 kuchulukana, likukhalira kuti kuthira maziko a zofunika 5 M3 konkire. Komanso, ife kuwerengera buku la mbali zina. Pambuyo kuwonjezera ndalama zonse kupeza Mwachitsanzo, 20 M3 wa kusakaniza.

Mwachitsanzo: 20 M3 anamaliza M300 konkire zofunika:

• simenti - 7,000 makilogalamu;
• Sand - 13000 makilogalamu;
• wosweka mwala kapena miyala - 26000 makilogalamu;
• Madzi - 3600 kg.

Ena malangizo amaika mumsewu

Kuwerengera kuchuluka konkire kwa kuthira maziko, m'pofunika misa chifukwa kuwonjezera peresenti 10-15 chifukwa contingencies, imfa afotokoze unsembe, etc. Kuthira simenti mawonekedwe zigawo kofunika 25-30 masentimita lililonse, ndi compaction okhulupirika. The zigawo chachiwiri ndi wotsatira analimbikitsa timayamba kunjenjemera kapena kupyoza fosholo mavavu ndi kumvetsa isanafike mtolo kapangidwe sichinachitikepo.

Ngati tsiku sizinayende kuyala konkire pamwamba pa maziko, ndi wosanjikiza kale burashi waya, kuchotsa simenti filimu. Izi zachitika achilimbikitsa akale ndi atsopano guluu wolimba konkire. Grout tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita padziko atsopano pamene konkire mopepuka anamvetsetsa, koma zisanathe mazira. sludge onse chifukwa grout filimu ayenera kuchotsedwa.