Chilinganizo mphamvu. Mphamvu - chilinganizo (Physics)

Mawu "mphamvu" ndi kwakhudza kuti adzampatsa bwino mfundo - ntchito kovuta. Zosiyanasiyana mphamvu minofu ndi mphamvu ya maganizo sifikira ndi sipekitiramu lonse la anapatsa maganizo ake. Mphamvu, ankaona ngati kuchuluka thupi kuti ali ndi tanthauzo zodziwika bwino ndi tanthauzo. Ndondomeko amati chitsanzo masamu cha mphamvu; mphamvu motsutsana ndi magawo akuluakulu.

Mbiri ya mphamvu kafukufuku monga tanthauzo malingana ndi magawo ndi umboni experimental wa wodalira.

Mphamvu Physics

Mphamvu - muyeso wa mogwirizana kwa matupi. Reciprocal kanthu matupi mzake kwathunthu anafotokoza njira kugwirizana ndi kusintha mu liwiro kapena mapindikidwe wa matupi.

Monga kuchuluka thupi ali ndi mphamvu Unit (m'dongosolo SI - Newton) ndi chipangizo choyezera ake - dynamometer. Dynamometer mfundo za ntchito zachokera kufanana kwa mphamvu kuchita thupi ndi mphamvu zotanuka ya masika dynamometer.

Kuti mphamvu ya 1 Newton mphamvu kutengera mchikakamizo cha thupi la 1 makilogalamu amasintha liwiro lake la 1 mita 1 chachiwiri.

Mphamvu monga vekitala kuchuluka chimafotokozera:

• malangizo a kanthu;
• mfundo ya ntchito;
• gawo, kufunika mtheradi.

Pofotokoza mogwirizana kwenikweni amasonyeza magawo awa.

Mitundu ya ankachita chachilengedwe: yokoka, atomu, mwamphamvu, mwaulesi. Mphamvu mphamvu (mphamvu yokoka ndi mitundu - mphamvu yake yokoka) kulibe chifukwa chikoka cha minda yokoka ozungulira thupi ndi aliyense misa. Phunziro munda wa kukoka ndi sanamalize panobe. Pezani gwero la m'munda si koma n'zotheka.

A nambala yaikulu ya mphamvu auka kwa zimachitika mu atomu wa maatomu omwe amapanga thunthu.

mphamvu kuthamanga

Pamene yatikhudza ndi thupi Earth izo umalimbikitsa padziko. Mphamvu kuthamanga, mfundo ndi wa mawonekedwe: P = mg, anafotokozedwa ndi thupi misa (m). Mofulumira yokoka (g) ali makhalidwe osiyana pa M'madera a zitunda osiyana a Dziko Lapansi.

Mphamvu ya zoipazi ofukula ndi ofanana ukulu ndi zosiyana mu dera zotanuka mphamvu akuwuka mu thandizo. mphamvu chilinganizo Choncho zimasiyanasiyana ndi kayendedwe ka thupi.

Kusintha kwa thupi

zochita za thupi thandizo chifukwa mogwirizana ndi Earth kawirikawiri amatchedwa kulemera kwa thupi. N'zochititsa chidwi mtengo wa kulemera kwa thupi zimadalira mathamangitsidwe wa zoyenda motsogozedwa choimirira. Ngati kumene zosiyana kwa mathamangitsidwe ufulu kugwa mathamangitsidwe, kunenepa amapezeka. Ngati mathamangitsidwe wa thupi chikugwirizana ndi malangizo a mphamvu yokoka, thupi yafupika. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Matola, mu chiyambi cha kuchira munthu amamva kunenepa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ankanena kuti misa kusintha, si koyenera. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife kugawana maganizo "thupi" ndi "misa".

mphamvu zotanuka

Pamene kusintha mawonekedwe thupi (mapindikidwe) pali mphamvu zimene zimakupangitsani kuti abwerere thupi mawonekedwe wapachiyambi. mphamvu anapatsidwa dzina "zotanuka mphamvu". Vutolo limachitika chifukwa mogwirizana ndi magetsi particles kuti thupilo.

Taonani mavuto losavuta: kumangika ndi psinjika. Anatambasula limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka mu miyeso liniya matupi, psinjika - kuchepetsa iwo. Kuchuluka amakhala njira otchedwa thupi elongation. Potanthauza ake "×". Chilinganizo zotanuka mphamvu mwachindunji ndi elongation. Bungwe likufa mapindikidwe ali mwini geometrical ndi thupi magawo ake. The kudalira wa zotanuka mapindikidwe kulimbikira thupi ndi katundu wa nkhani umene anapanga anatsimikiza ndi koyefishienti zotanuka amatchedwa stiffness ake (k).

Masamu chitsanzo cha mogwirizana zotanuka anafotokozedwa ndi lamulo Hooke.

Force kwaiye mapindikidwe wa thupi, ukuperekedwa malangizo a kusamutsidwa a ziwalo munthu wa thupi mwachindunji njila kwa elongation ake:

• F _Y = -kx (mu kalembedwe vekitala).

Chizindikiro "-" akusonyeza zosiyana malangizo a mapindikidwe ndi mphamvu.

Mu mawonekedwe scalar, ndi chizindikiro chochotsera palibe. Mphamvu ndinapirira, chilinganizo amene ali zotsatirazi mawonekedwe F _Y = Kx, ntchito kokha pamene mapindikidwe zotanuka.

Mogwirizana kwa munda maginito ndi panopa

Zotsatira za maginito pa panopa mwachindunji anafotokozedwa ndi lamulo Ampere. Mphamvu zimene maginito zochita pa panopa-yonyamula katundu wochititsa n'kuikamo, yotchedwa mphamvu Ampere.

Mogwirizana kwa mphamvu ya maginito ndi ukuyenda mlandu magetsi amachititsa mphamvu kuwonetseredwa. chilinganizo Ampere amene ali mawonekedwe F = IBlsinα, zimadalira maginito kupatsidwa ulemu (B), ndi yogwira gawo kutalika kwa wochititsa (l), panopa (I) mu wochititsa ndi mbali pakati pa malangizo panopa ndi maginito kupatsidwa ulemu.

Chifukwa cha kudalira atsopano akhoza amanena kuti maginito vekitala zochita angasinthe pamene limazungulira wochititsa kapena kusintha panopa malangizo. Wamanzere ulamuliro limakupatsani anapereka malangizo a kanthu. Ngati mkono kumanzere pabwino kuti maginito kupatsidwa ulemu vekitala m'gulu pachikhatho cha zala zinayi anauzidwa ziliri pa wochititsa, ndiye ndichotse 90 ^° chala adzasonyeza malangizo a m'munda maginito.

The ntchito anthu ndi maganizo anapeza Mwachitsanzo, mu Motors magetsi. Kasinthasintha wa ozungulira chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito analengedwa ndi electromagnet wamphamvu. mphamvu chilinganizo amapereka limasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kusintha mphamvu engine. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu amperage kapena kukula kwa munda makokedwe ukuwonjezeka, imbaenda ndi kuwonjezeka mu mphamvu engine.

The trajectories tinthu

Mogwirizana kwa mphamvu ya maginito ndi mlandu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito misa-spectrographs mu kuphunzira particles pulayimale.

Action m'munda zimenezi zimachititsa mphamvu, wotchedwa Lorentz mphamvu. Pamene jekeseni ya maginito kusuntha ndi mathamangidwe ena a mlandu tinthu Lorentz mphamvu, chilinganizo amene ali ndi mawonekedwe F = vBqsinα, amachititsa kayendedwe ka particles pamodzi circumference a.

Mu ichi masamu chitsanzo ndime - gawo tinthu mathamangidwe, magetsi mlandu umene - Q, - maginito kupatsidwa ulemu, α - ngodya pakati pa mathamangidwe ndi kupatsidwa ulemu maginito.

tinthu A akusuntha mu bwalo (kapena Arc chozungulira), popeza mphamvu ndi liwiro akuuzidwa pa ngodya 90 ^° ndi mzake. Kusintha malangizo a mathamangidwe liniya amachititsa mathamangitsidwe.

Wamanzere ulamuliro, kukambirana pamwamba, amapezeka kuphunzira mphamvu Lorentz, ngati dzanja kumanzere pabwino kuti maginito kupatsidwa ulemu vekitala m'gulu pachikhatho cha zala zinayi anakafika mu mzere yatumizidwa kwa liwiro la tinthu zabwino mlandu, ndiye kuti ndichotse 90 ^° chala zikusonyeza malangizo a mphamvu.

mavuto plasma

Mogwirizana kwa munda maginito ndi zinthu ntchito cyclotrons. The mavuto kugwirizana ndi phunziro zasayansi wa madzi musalole kuti iye m'zotengera chatsekedwa. Kwambiri ionized mafuta akhoza unalipo kutentha. Nawobe plasma mu danga umodzi malo n'zotheka mwa mphamvu ya maginito, mpweya kupota kupanga mphete. Ankalamulira Anachita Atamva nyukiliya akhoza kuphunzira kukhala mkulu-kutentha plasma kupota chingwe mwa mphamvu ya maginito.

Chitsanzo maginito mu pompo-pompo kwa mpweya ionized - Aurora. Izi pamaso otchuka zimawonedwa mu Arctic Circle pamalo okwera 100 Km pamwamba padziko lapansi. Bakuman zokongola losonyeza mpweya kuzifotokoza yekha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Dziko Lapansi maginito pafupi mizati sangalepheretse malowedwe a mphepo dzuwa mu mlengalenga. The cheza achangu imatsogoleredwa pamodzi mizere ya kupatsidwa ulemu maginito, kuchititsa ionization ya mpweya.

Zochitika zokhudzana ndi mlandu zoyenda

Mbiri yakale, kuchuluka waukulu amakhala otaya ziliri pa wochititsa anacemerwa panopa. N'zochititsa chidwi lingaliro ili ndi kanthu kochita ndi mphamvu osati sayansi. Amperage, chilinganizo chimene limapangidwa mlandu loyenda pa nthawi wagawo mwa gawo mtanda wa wochititsa, ali mawonekedwe:

• Ine = Q / T, kumene T - nthawi otaya mlandu Q.

Ndipotu panopa mphamvu - kuchuluka kwa malipiro. Unit muyeso ndi Ampere (A), mosiyana N.

Khama la ogwira ntchito

mphamvu A pa zinthu limodzi ndi ntchito yolalikira. Ntchito mphamvu - kuchuluka thupi kuti ndi numerically wofanana ndi mankhwala a nthawi mphamvu mtunda ulendo imawalamulira, ndi cosine ya njingayo pakati pa mayendedwe a mphamvu ndi kusamutsidwa.

Woyanjidwa ntchito mphamvu, mfundo ndi wa mtundu A = FScosα, muli kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.

Zochita za thupi limodzi ndi kusintha mathamangidwe za thupi kapena mapindikidwe, kusonyeza kusintha munthawi yomweyo mu mphamvu. Anthu ogwira ntchito mwachindunji amadalira kukula.