Therere hisope: kubzala ndi chisamaliro, kukula kwa mbewu

Onunkhira ndi maluwa malo ozungulira nyumba, m'munda kapena dziko - maloto aliyense. Doubly amasangalala zomera tili ndi ntchito kukongoletsa, komanso wofunika. Utsogoleri digiri ya ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana uli zitsamba. Iwo samangokhala apindule, komanso kukongoletsa munda maonekedwe ake apachiyambi wolemera fungo. Pakati nkhawa anthu therere hisope. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro, kukula kwa mbewu ndi zina mwa anati kuswana mbewu - zonsezi nkhani zotsatirazi m'nkhani ino.

Kufalitsa ndi zachilengedwe

Hisope Chili ndi izo ngati zitsamba nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi zitsamba ndi kukoma kwambiri ndi banja Lamiaceae. Iwo yodziwika ndi msinkhu waung'ono (50-60 cm) ndi masamba elongated kapena liniya mawonekedwe zayamba makhalidwe tsinde la.

Hisope ndi a ku Asia, ndi Mediterranean, Russia (mu mbali European, ndi Caucasus ndi kumadzulo Siberia). Izo wakonda otsetsereka miyala, steppes youma ndi zitunda, komanso nthaka lotayirira. Izi ndi zabwino uchi chomera.

Hisope mankhwala katundu akhala kuyambira nthawi yakale, kutchula koyamba olembedwa a udzu mu Baibulo. Mbewu horticultural ambiri hisope officinalis.

mafotokozedwe botanical

Hisope officinalis (kubzala, kusamalira nkhani zotsatirazi) ndi inafalitsidwa mu Africa Europe ndi ku Asia. The zomera ndi chitsamba chilichonse womera kwa masentimita 20 ndi 80. Mizu ali zake, ndodo mawonekedwe. Kuchoka kwa icho zake ambiri zimayambira tetrahedral, pang'ono pubescent kapena pafupifupi hairless.

Masamba anakonza oppositely ndi pafupifupi kukhala pa tsinde ndi lanceolate, m'mbali awo pang'ono wokutidwa pansi. Pankhaniyi, m'munsi masamba pang'ono zikuluzikulu apical.

Elongated kukwera inflorescence kuyang'ana kukongoletsa. Whisk mu mitundu zambiri buluu kapena violet hue, kawirikawiri loyera kapena pinki.

zipatso ali ndi dongosolo zovuta. Cenobia tichipeza anayi fruitlets ofanana oreshkovidnyh ndi mawonekedwe trihedrally-ovoid. Maluwa yaitali - kuchokera July kuti September.

Zokometsera fungo la mtundu wosanganiza (ndi turpentine camphor), tart kukoma ndi zodabwitsa mankhwala - ndi chinachake chimene ofunika hisope. Kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire, monga ulamuliro, musati vuto, kotero kukula yaing'ono koma zothandiza chitsamba chilichonse pa malo ndi aliyense angathere.

Species ndi mitundu

Kuwonjezera hisope mankhwala, m'chikhalidwe kudziwika monga Cretaceous ndi tsabola. Osati wodziwa munthu kusakaniza iwo mosavuta zokwanira:

1. Hisope Cretaceous ndi mitundu kawirikawiri ndi kutetezedwa kutchulidwa Red Book of Ukraine ndi Russia. Dzinali odziwikiratu - ndi woyamba kuonekera pa dothi chalky zomera zonse.
2. fungo khalidwe, pamene amplifying trituration, lavender ndi maluwa mawonekedwe ali anisic hisope.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira mitundu yonse atatu wachibadidwe amasiyana.

Obereketsa kudzipatula sukulu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe amasiyana pakati pawo makamaka mtundu wa maluwa. Kodi wotchuka kwambiri:

• "Motsatira" - mankhwala, ndi kafungo ka yl, chilala zosagwira ndi Hardy. Chomera ndipamene tchire mkulu masentimita 80, chiwerengero cha mphukira - mpaka zidutswa 25. Maluwa pinki, yaing'ono.
• "Pinki nkhungu" - pafupifupi nthawi kusasitsa, cholinga ntchito pophikira ndi kumalongeza. Chomera kufika msinkhu wa masentimita 50, mphukira zitani, koma zotanuka, maluwa ang'onoang'ono utoto mu wotumbululuka pinki mtundu. Iwo ali kukana mkulu zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Ndi chilala zosagwira, kutentha ndi hisope ozizira ololera (kulima, kubzala ndi kukonzanso - muyezo).
• "Nikita White" (tikuonera chithunzi m'munsimu) - srednerosloe kalasi (mpaka 55 cm), chomera ndipamene tchire yaying'ono, maluwa nthawi (masiku 75-80).
• "Wamchisanu" - chitsamba chilichonse ukhale kwa masentimita 40 70 ndi chilili akuwombera chitsamba yaying'ono. Amadyera ali ndi fungo kwambiri, mofanana ndi fungo la rosemary zakutchire. The zosiyanasiyana ali mkulu zokolola za misa wobiriwira, maluwa ang'onoang'ono, wotumbululuka wofiirira hue.

Ikani pa malo ndi nthaka

Hisope ngakhale kalekale ndinazolowera zikhalidwe zathu nyengo akadali wochokera ofunda Mediterranean nyengo, amene akusokoneza chizindikiro lolingana ndi maonekedwe a kulima ake. Zomera wakonda malo dzuwa pa phiri laling'ono.

Hisope m'nthaka si makamaka tcheru, ndi zofunikira - lightness, mpweya ndi permeability chinyezi, zimene sing'anga ndale kuti pang'ono zamchere. Si bwino kudzala mu malo mphepo yozizira ndi drafts ali anati, madzi patsogolo ndi waterlogging.

Officinalis hisope: kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu

Mbewu za zomera akufotokozedwa kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga luso kumera ndi yabwino chifukwa chodzala mu zaka 3-4 pambuyo zokolola. Pakuti hisope ntchito njira ziwiri - mbande ndi nonseedlings. Masiku a kufesa mbewu - zoyambirira za March ndi April ndi May, motero.

Pamene kukula mbande, choyamba muyenera kukonzekera nthaka. Ndi bwino ntchito okonzeka zopangidwa, zosavuta ndi thanzi. Thirani wogawana mu mabokosi osaya, kuchita grooves 1-1.5 cm ndi wogawana kugawira mbewu. Pambuyo angapo masamba enawa, m'pofunika kuyenda pansi pa madzi hisope. Kubzala ndi kusamalira pa pulayimale m'tsogolo.

Anabzala miphika munthu wa zomera peat-humus kapena pulasitiki makapu ayenera madzi nthawi zonse. Kuziika mu malo dzuwa ndi kutentha. Pamaso ankafika, mungathere wina fetereza zovuta feteleza mchere. mbande pansi obzalidwa masiku 45-60 pa siteji 5-7 tsamba.

M'pofunika kutsatira chiwembu kupewa thickening. ochepa zimayambira adzaoneka M'chaka choyamba, koma popeza pachimake chachiwiri ndi wodzaza ndi ambiri. Tchire amakalamba ndi zaka, ndipo ichi iwo akhala masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi maluwa, kotero mmera tikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo ndi latsopano pambuyo zaka 4-5.

Mwachindunji mu mbewu pansi hisope ndi zofesedwa mochedwa April ndipo oyambirira May, pamene nthaka umafunda zokwanira. Kuya kwa chisindikizo - 0.5-0.7 masentimita, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ya -. 50-60 masentimita mphukira kuonekera patatha masabata 1-2. Pamene zomera adzakhala masamba asanu chenicheni, iwo ayenera thinned kunja, kusiya mtunda wa pafupifupi 20 cm pakati pa nthawi ya munthu.

Features wa kulima

Mmodzi wa zitsamba wodzichepetsa onunkhira m'munda - izi ndi kamtengo ka hisope. Kubzala ndi kusamalira iye, momwe mwaonera, pulayimale. Pa kukula nyengo okwanira udzu bedi la udzu, kumasula nthaka.

Kutsirira sayenera nkhanza. Wokwanira 2-3 pa nyengo lonse, mlingo pa 1 sq. mamita - 15-20. malita. Pakuti limamasula wochuluka n'kofunika yophukira cropping. Kupanga chitsamba hemispherical mawonekedwe, kusiya mphukira kutalika kwa 12-15 cm. Ngati m'dera amalima mitundu yambiri ya hisope, ayenera olekanitsidwa mzake, monga zomera ndi mofulumira kwambiri pereopylyayutsya.