Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa zolowa ndi zitsanzo

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zomwe mphamvu ya kampani malonda zolowa ndi. Iwo masamu mitengo kuzindikira. zolowa kusanthula amapereka Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe ziyenera a ntchitoyo ntchito mu nyengo ilili. Kuyambira anapezazo chimadalira pa zotuluka pa kuwerengetsera nthawi m'tsogolo. Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane njira mawerengedwe a zolowa.

stockturn

Zonse ndi katundu, ndi chuma atsopano a bungwe. Ndi ndalama mazira. Kumvetsa nthawi yaitali bwanji pamafunika kuti transcode katundu mu ndalama, ndi kusanthula kufufuza zolowa.

Kupezeka kwa sikelo ndalama pa dzanja limodzi ndi mwayi. Koma ngakhale pamene iwo kudziunjikira, malonda ali pansi, makampani akadali kulipira misonkho pa m'matangadza. Zikatero tinena za zolowa otsika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mkulu liwiro kugulitsa katundu si nthawi zonse mwayi waukulu. Ndi kukula zolowa pali chiopsezo kuti kasitomala sangapeze mankhwala lamanja ndi kutembenukira kwa wogulitsa wina. Kupeza malo pakati, ife ayenera kuti tisanthule ziti ndiponso kukonza kufufuza zolowa.

mawu

Katundu - izi ndi zimene kuwagula ndi kuwagulitsa. gulu ili mulinso ntchito ngati mtengo lolipiridwa ndi wogula (atanyamula, yobereka, ntchito malipiro, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Nkhokwe - mndandanda wa mankhwala ali oyenera zogulitsa. Kwa magulu amene zikugwira malonda ritelo ndi yogulitsa, m'matangadza ndi katundu atagona pa maalumali, ndipo iwo amene alipo munamupereka ndi kusungidwa.

Mawu akuti "malonda mphepete" mulinso mankhwala omwe adakali kupita, mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena kutchulidwa nkhani olandila. Zikatero, umwini akhala ndi wogulitsa mpaka katundu ndi analipira. Theoretically, zikhoza zotumiza ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu wawo. Pamene ankatha kuwerengetsera zolowa n'komwe yekha mankhwala amene zilipo.

Zolowa - ndi buku la malonda mu mawu mtengo, masamu chifukwa nthawi zina. The aligorivimu adzakhala anafotokoza chimene zolowa ndi kuchita masamu, ndi mawerengedwe chilinganizo.

CHITSANZO 1

M'pofunika kuwerengetsa avareji kwa theka la katundu chofunika, zochokera deta tebulo.

mwezi	Chofunika katundu, ths. Pakani.
January	45880
February	40667
March	39787
April	56556
mulole	56778
June	39110
mu okwana	278778

Wapakati chofunika katundu:

TS kumanyazi ndi m'nyozo = 278778 \ (6-1) = 55755,6 zikwi. Pakani.

Ndi zosatheka kuwerengetsa sikelo pafupifupi:

SRF = (+ zatsalira zatsalira kumayambiriro kwa mapeto) / 2 = (45880 + 39110) / 2 = 42495 zikwi. Pakani.

Zolowa ndi njira mawerengedwe ake

Liquidity magawanidwe a kampani chimadalira pa mlingo wa kutembenuka kwa ndalama padera m'matangadza, ndalama weniweni. Kudziwa liquidity m'matangadza ntchito tovarooborachivaemosti koyefishienti. Iwo masamu malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana (mtengo, kuchuluka), nthawi (mwezi, chaka) pa mankhwala umodzi kapena gulu lonse.

mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya zolowa:

• zolowa lililonse mankhwala mawu alionse kachulukidwe (manambala, voliyumu, kulemera, etc ...);
• zolowa katundu pa mtengo;
• ndi zolowa Zatha onse mawu kachulukidwe;
• ndi zolowa a mbadwa lonse pa mtengo.

Zochita za nthawi zambiri ntchito mitunduyi amenewa pofuna kudziwa mphamvu ya ntchito m'matangadza:

1) Dongosolo tingachipeze powerenga kuti kuwerengetsa zolowa:

T = (Kusamala wa nkhokwe kumayambiriro kwa nyengo) / (buku la malonda mu mwezi watha)

2) Avereji zolowa (ndi mawerengedwe chilinganizo cha pachaka, kamodzi miyezi itatu iliyonse theka-pachaka):

CP = TS (TZ1 + ... + T3n) / (n-1)

3) zolowa nthawi:

ON = tsiku (pafupifupi zolowa * Chiwerengero cha masiku nyengo) / malonda kwa nyengo

Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi kuchita masamu chiwerengero cha masiku zimatengera kugulitsa katundu.

4) The zolowa mu nthawi:

Mph = Chiwerengero cha masiku / ON = tsiku malonda kwa nyengo / Avereji zolowa

chiŵerengero Izi zikusonyeza ankasinthana angati kupanga katundu nthawi pansi obwereza.

The apamwamba a zolowa, ndi aluso ndi bungwe kufunika zochepa chifukwa likulu, ndi wolimba udindo wa kampani.

5) kufufuza mlingo:

Uzi = (a kufufuza pa mapeto a nthawi * Chiwerengero cha masiku) / zolowa kwa nyengo

Mlingo kufufuza amadziwika kampani chitetezo winawake katundu tsiku. Limatisonyeza mmene masiku ambiri m'matangadza zokwanira malonda bungwe.

Features

Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa zolowa ndi magawo ena anapereka pamwamba ntchito m'mikhalidwe yoteroyo:

• Ngati bungwe alibe nkhokwe, kenako kuwerengetsa zolowa si zomveka.
• zolowa CIMODZI CIMODZI, ndi mawerengedwe chilinganizo umene kuwuluridwa pansipa, zingadziŵike molondola ngati chandamale yoperekera katundu m'gulu izo. Mwachitsanzo, kampani anapambana chenicheni mwa kundipatsako kwa zipangizo kumsika. Mu dongosolo ili Yaponyedwa mtanda yaikulu ya kuikira. mankhwala amenewa sayenera n'komwe mu mawerengedwe a zolowa.
• The mawerengedwe amaganizira moyo katundu, ndiye katundu kufika pa nyumba yosungiramo katundu, akhala akuyendera ndi anthu amene nambala mtembo, koma gululi anali ayi.
• Zolowa kuchita masamu yekha pa mtengo kugula.

CHITSANZO 2

Zinthu mawerengedwe ndi kuperekedwa ku gome.

mwezi	Apezeka chidutswa.	The zotsalira chidutswa.
January	334	455
February	317	412
March	298	388
April	250	235
mulole	221	256
June	281	243
TOTAL	1701
katundu pafupifupi		328

Ife tanthauzo la mawu akuti zolowa m'masiku. Mu nthawi kusanthula kwa masiku 180. Panthawi imeneyi, atha 1701 zinthu, ndi chiyerekezo bwino zidutswa 328:

OBdn = (328 * 180) / 1701 = masiku 34,71

Yomwe nthawi chiphaso katundu ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu pamaso kukhazikitsa inadzachitika avareji masiku 35.

Ife kuwerengera zolowa mu nthawi:

ON nthawi = 180 / 34,71 = 1701/328 = 5,19 nthawi.

Kwa miyezi sikisi katundu katundu atakulungidwa mu avareji nthawi 5.

Kudziwa mlingo wa nkhokwe:

Kt = (243 * 180) / 1701 = 25,71.

Alipo m'matangadza ya gulu ndi zokwanira kwa masiku 26 ntchito.

tsogolo

zolowa kufufuza ndi kusanthula kuti kupeza malo amene kayendedwe ka mlingo "katundu-ndalama katundu" ndi otsika, ndi kanthu moyenerera. Pendani njira osiyana- siyana mankhwala sizimatanthauza. Mwachitsanzo, mu sitolo golosale botolo la mowa wamphesa n'kukagulitsa pa mtengo kuposa mkate ndi. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti mkate Tisawasale osiyanasiyana katundu. Monga yosanthula magulu awiriwa m'njira imeneyi si koyenera.

Yerekezerani mankhwala amenewa mu gulu lomwelo: mkate - ndi mankhwala ena ophika buledi, ndi burande - ndi zakumwa osankhika mowa. Only mu nkhani iyi n'zotheka mumakumbukira nthawi za mphamvu ya zolowa katundu wina.

The kusanthula mphamvu ya malonda poyerekeza ndi nthawi yapita adzalola kunena kuti kusintha mu ankafuna. Ngati kusanthula nthawi zolowa chiŵerengero utachepa, ndiye overstock nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Ngati index limakula ndi chimodzimodzi kofulumiraku, tikulankhula za ntchito "mawilo". Kumbali ya malonda kuchepekedwa m'matangadza kungakhale ziro. Pankhaniyi, zochuluka zolowa kuchita masamu maola.

Ngati anapeza katundu wa malonda nyengo imene pali kufunika otsika, zizakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zolowa. Ife kugula osiyanasiyana zinthu kawirikawiri bwanji liquidity awo. Choncho anapezazo onse adzakhala pachithunzichi.

M'pofunikanso kudziwa zinthu yobereka. Ngati bungwe ndi kugula nkhani yake, zolowa za mawerengedwe adzakhala kuwulula. Ngati katundu anagulidwa pa ngongole, otsika zolowa si kofunika kampani. Chinthu chachikulu kuti nthawi obwezeredwa alibe olumpha masamu mtengo wa koyefishienti wa.

mitundu tovaroooborota

Chimodzimodzi kzhe monga mitengo anawagawa ritelo ndi yogulitsa malonda zolowa lagawidwa mitundu iwiri yofanana. Mbali yoyamba tikulankhula kugulitsa katundu ndalama, kapena mitengo muyezo, ndipo chachiwiri - malonda ndi kutengerapo banki kapena mitengo choposa chimenechi.

njira

Zochita amagwiritsa ntchito njira zimenezi wa mawerengedwe a zolowa:

• Pamaziko a katundu wa anthu a m'dera lina la mowa.
• Malinga ndi nambala anakonza malonda ndi pafupifupi wagawo mtengo.
• Pa gulu la deta ya zolowa leni (njira yotchuka kwambiri).

Data kwa anapezazo ndi achokera mlandu, ndi malipoti zowerengera.

mphamvu

Chilinganizo zotsatirazi kuti kuwerengetsa zolowa chithunzi limasonyeza kusintha mitengo panopa:

D = (zenizeni zolowa chaka chino / Zoona zolowa chaka chatha) * 100%.

Mphamvu za zolowa pa mitengo ofanana anatsimikiza ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

D = const (Zoona tovarooborta mitengo ofanana / Zoona zolowa chaka chatha) * 100%.

CHITSANZO 3

Muyenera kudziwa mphamvu ya zolowa malonda ndi kuchuluka dongosolo malonda. Deta yotere zilipo:

- zolowa mu 2015 - 2.6 miliyoni rubles.
- Sales zanyengo kwa 2016 - miliyoni 2.9 Nchito rubles.
- zolowa mu 2016 - 3 miliyoni rubles.

yankho;

- chimatanthauza kuchuluka dongosolo malonda: (3 / 2.8) * 100 = 107%.
- kugwira mawerengedwe a zolowa pa mitengo panopa: (3 / 2.6) * 100 = 115%.

mtengo index

Ngati nthawi imeneyi mtengo zasintha ndi woyamba koyenera kuwerengera index awo. Mtengo wa chizindikiro ichi kuchuluka pansi mmene kufufuma pa chuma. Alionse m'dzikoli pali mapulogalamu kusintha mtengo wa nambala inayake ya mankhwala nyengo. Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa mtengo index:

Itz. C = latsopano / akale C

chilinganizo Izi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yosanthula akuluakulu zowerengera mu mitengo kwa magulu ena a katundu. Mwachitsanzo, buku la katundu anagulitsa mu 2014 analipo 100 zikwi rubles, ndipo mu 2016 -. 115 zikwi rubles .. Ife kuwerengera mtengo index:

IC = 115/100 = 1.15, ndiye kuti chaka mitengo ananyamuka ndi 15%.

Pokhapokha njirazi, ntchito njira kuti kuwerengetsa zolowa pa mitengo zonse:

Ndipotu = (zolowa mitengo panopa / zolowa chaka chatha) * 100%.

CHITSANZO 4

Mu 2015, zolowa za kampani anakwana rubles 20 miliyoni, ndipo mu 2016 -.. 24 MN Pakani. Pa nthawi malipoti, mitengo ananyamuka ndi 40%. Tiyenera kuwerengera zolowa kwa mitunduyi ndi m'mbuyomo.

Kutanthauzira pa mitengo panopa zolowa choposa chimenechi. The mawerengedwe ndiyo njira:

TM = 24/20 * 100 = 120% - chaka zolowa panopa chinakwera ndi 20%.

Ife kuwerengera mtengo index: 140% / 100% = 1.4.

Kutanthauzira zolowa pa mitengo nthawi zonse: 24 / 1.4 = 17 miliyoni rubles.

Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa zolowa mu mphamvu: 17/20 * 100 = 85%.

mphamvu kuwerengetsera anasonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka anali kokha chifukwa kuwonjezeka mitengo. Ngati iwo sizinasinthe, zolowa akanati anatsika ndi rubles 17 miliyoni. (15%). Kuti pali nyamuka mitengo osati zedi anagulitsa.

CHITSANZO 5

ziriri ntchito ndi tikuonera tebulo zotsatirazi.

	Zolowa cha 2015, ths. Opaka.	2016
		Mapa, ths. Pakani.	Zoona. zolowa, thous. opaka.
okha	4560	5300	5480
ine kotala	1000	1250	1260
II Q	1300	1290	1370
III Q	1100	1240	1210
IV kotala	1158	1519	1640, Angelezi

Tsopano muyenera kudziwa zolowa kwa chaka panopa pa mitengo ya nthawi yapita.

Choyamba, ife chimatanthauza kuchuluka dongosolo malonda: 5480/5300 * 100 = 103.4%.

Tsopano tikufunikira kudziwa mphamvu za katundu wogulitsa poyerekeza ndi 2015: 5480/4650 * 100 = 120%.

	Zotsatira za 2015, ruble zikwi.	Chaka cha 2016
		Zam'tsogolo, zikwi za ruble.	Zoona. Zowonjezera, ruble zikwi.	Kuphedwa,%	Malingana ndi chaka chatha,%
Chiwerengero	4560,00	5300,00	5480.00	103.4	120
Ndine kotala	1000.00	1250,00	1260.00	100.8	125
2 sq. M	1300,00	1290,00	1370.00	106.2	105
III sq. M	1100,00	1240.00	1210,00	97.6	109
IV square	1158.00	1519.00	1640.00	107.9	141

Chifukwa cha kugulitsa kwa malonda mu 2016, kampaniyo inagulitsa zinthu kwa rubles 180,000. Zambiri. Kwa chaka chiwerengero cha malonda chinawonjezeka ndi ruble 920 zikwi.

Zowonjezera calculation za chigulitsiro cha malonda ndi malo amodzi amalola kuzindikira momwe angagwirire malonda, kuti awulule mlingo wa kukhutira kwa zofuna. Kuonjezerapo, ndiyenso kuyesa kugulitsa malonda ndi miyezi kuti zizindikiritse kuchepa kwa zofuna.

Mchitidwe wowerengera ndalama mu malonda ogulitsa

Kufufuza kwa kusintha kwa mitengo ya magulu azinthu kumapereka kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zaumwini, kuwonetsa mphamvu za kusintha kwawo. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aphunzire kukwanira kwa chakudya chofunafuna ndikuthandizira kupanga mapangidwe.

Kuwunika kwa kayendetsedwe ka katundu kumachitika pa malipoti a pachaka ndi pachaka. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, mukhoza kudziwa zifukwa za kusintha kwa chiwongoladzanja. Njira yowerengetsera ndalama ikuperekedwa pansipa:

3H + Hm + Pr = P + B + B + Y + 3K, kumene
Зн (к) - masitolo kumayambiriro (mapeto) a nthawi yokonzedweratu;
Palibe - katundu wowonjezera;
Ku_kufika kwa katundu;
P - kukwaniritsa katundu ndi magulu osiyana;
Ku - kutaya katundu;
B - kutaya zachirengedwe;
Y - markdown.

Ganizirani kuti chiwerengero cha zizindikiro zowonetsera chikhoza kuwerengedwa bwanji powerengera kusiyana pakati pa zizindikiro zenizeni ndi zenizeni, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira. Pachigawo chotsatira, kubwereketsa malonda, ndondomeko ya kuwerengera zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, akuyesedwa chifukwa cha kusintha chifukwa cha ntchito yowonjezera bwino, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito komanso ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito chuma chokhazikika. Kufufuza kumathera pozindikira chiyembekezo cha kukula kwa malonda ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka katundu.