Transnistria idzagwirizana ndi Russia kapena ayi?

Zomwe zachitika posachedwa kuzungulira Crimea, zomwe, malinga ndi malingaliro, zimatcha kuti "kulembedwa", "kugwirizananso", zinapangitsa chiyembekezo cha kuthetsa mavuto ena omwe akhala akuwundana kwa zaka zambiri. Zochita zopanda magazi ndiponso zofulumira kwambiri za asilikali a Russia pa peninsula zinabweretsa chiyembekezo chosangalatsa pakati pa anthu ambiri a dzikoli losadziŵika, lomwe lili pakati pa Moldova ndi Ukraine. Chiyembekezo chakuti Transnistria posachedwapa chidzakhala gawo la Russia chimawoneka pafupifupi kukwaniritsidwa.

Zambiri za Moldova

Mu 1992, zomwe zinathetsa kuthetsa mikangano yopanda chilungamo zinali zosauka. Nkhondo ya ku Chechen idangoyamba, Nagorno-Karabakh inkawoneka ngati chinthu chapatali, zomwe zinachitika ku Sumgait zikuwoneka kuti ndizochokera ku malingaliro apadera a ku Asia, ndipo Yugoslavia sanayambe kuponyedwa mabomba ndi asilikali a NATO.

Chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha ulamuliro umene atsogoleri a dziko la Moldava Popular Popular adalandira, adanyalanyaza chizoloŵezi chokhala osakhudzidwa pakati pa anthu a gawo lalikulu la dziko lawo. August 1989 adakondwera ndi anthu omwe adagonjetsedwa ku Supreme Council of the MSSR: chivomerezo cha Moldova monga boma (osakwatira) ndi kuthetseratu Chigwirizano cha Molotov-Ribbentrop. Panalinso kusintha kwa zilembo za Chilatini, zomwe zinatsindika "kutsidya kwa nyanja" kwathunthu. Mfundo yakuti zilankhulo zina zikuponderezedwa, zomwe anthu ambiri akhala akuzipeza bwino, sanamvetsetse mwanjira inayake pakukangana kwa pulezidenti.

Referendum yoyamba

Kufika kwa Transnistria ku Russia panthawiyo sikunakonzedwenso, ngakhale akatswiri a sayansi yotsutsa sayansi sankaganiza za izo. Kuti tisaiwale ku dera lomwe limapanga 40% la GNP ya dzikoli, mu 1990 atsogoleri a Tiraspol anali ndi referendum, yomwe inali 79% ya osankhidwa osakhutira ndi ndondomeko ya nyumba yamalamulo. Transnistrian Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic inakhala chenicheni, koma panalibe funso la kusamvana pakati pa Moldova. Pafupifupi anthu 96% a Transnistrians ankafuna kutsimikiza kuti ufulu wawo udzatsimikiziridwa, ngati osati ndi Chisinau, omwe ndi boma la PISSR. Kuonjezera apo, panalibe zokambirana za kubweranso pamodzi ndi a Romania, ndipo anthu a m'derali ankafuna kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi ufulu wosankha dziko limene akufuna kukhalamo.

Referendum ina

Kuchokera pambali ya malamulo, kugawidwa kwa USSR kunkaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kochuluka kwa malamulo a mayiko ndi a Soviet, koma palibe amene adamvera izi pa nthawiyo. Ulamuliro unalengezedwa, ndipo ngati mu Union Republic of Suddenly abweretsa mbendera ya dziko, ndipo adindo anayamba kuimba nyimbo yatsopano, ndiye kuti milanduyo inkawoneka kuti yatha. Kotero izo zinali mu Moldova, ndipo osati mu izo zokha. Pulezidenti wa kugonana kwa Gagauz inachitanso zomwezo, koma zinapangitsa kuti anthu azidzipatula nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mikangano inayamba pamene "kutaya magazi pang'ono." Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa dzikoli, odzipereka adzipereka kudziko lina, otchedwa "odzipereka", ochokera ku Moldova ndi ku Romania.

June 1990. Azidindo a mabanki ochoka ku Moldovan ndi Bender voti yoteteza USSR. Pambuyo pa mpikisano wa 1991 , ndondomeko zokwana 15 zokha zikuwonekera pazomwe zinkachitika kale. Pakugwa kwa PMSSR, idzakhala PMR (Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika), ndiko kuti, dziko losiyana ku Moldova. Chifukwa cha ichi, 98% mwa anthu 78% mwa anthu onse adasankha.

Mbiri

Zifukwa zomwe ambiri m'tsogolo amachitira Transnistria monga gawo la Russia ndi zingapo, ndipo zonsezi ndizovomerezeka. Chofunika kwambiri pa izi ndi chakuti Supreme Soviet ya MSSR, atasankha kuchoka ku USSR, yataya chikalata chokha chovomerezeka, malinga ndi zomwe mbali yakale ya Ufumu wa Russia inali gawo la Moldova. Mwachizoloŵezi, ngakhale pa ntchito ya ku Romania mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Pridnestrovie siyinali gawo lachifumu: idatchedwa Transnistria, pamodzi ndi dera la Odessa ndi maiko ena a ku South America. Maziko okha omwe Tiraspol, Bendery ndi Gagauzia anakhala Moldova, anachotsedwa mwadzidzidzi pa nthawi yolengeza ulamuliro.

Referendum inachitikanso kachiwiri, zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti anthu sakufuna kulowa m'dziko la Republic of Moldova ndi chikhumbo chodziwiratu okha mtsogolo. Koma kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti Transnistria ikupempha kuti ukhale membala ku Russia? Mwinamwake nzika zake ndi zabwino kwambiri?

Nkhondo

Nkhondo yomenyana ndi nkhondo ya 1992 ikuwopsyeza mofanana ndi ntchito yamakono yotsutsa zigawenga za asilikali a ku Ukraine. Komabe, pali kusiyana. Moldova ndi dziko laling'ono, lochepetseka kwambiri kuposa Ukraine, choncho nthawi zina anali oyandikana nawo, abwenzi komanso achibale awo, omwe mwadzidzidzi anakhala adani, anakhazikitsa maudindo akuluakulu. Chiwerengero cha Tiraspol, Bender ndi midzi yoyandikana nayo, chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, mayiko amitundu yonse, ankazoloŵera kukhala mwamtendere, koma Purezidenti M. Snegur atasankha "kuthetsa" nkhani zotsutsana ndi mphamvu, mwamsanga anapanga Alonda. Chida sichinali vuto, chinagwera kumbali zonse zotsutsana kuchokera ku malo osungirako asilikali a 14 a ku Russia, omwe anali osatetezedwa pa gawo loyamba la mkangano. Chilichonse chinali monga momwe ziliri tsopano, ndi milandu yotsutsa Moscow, ndi odzipereka kumbali zonse za kutsogolo, ndi kupha ndege, ndi kupha anthu. Zikuwoneka kuti mbiriyakale, ngakhale yaposachedwapa, siphunzitsa aliyense chirichonse ...

Mu 2006, bungweli linagwirizananso. Ambiri mwa anthu a Transnistrian (96.7%) adanena kuti chiyembekezo cha Transnistria chidzakhala mbali ya Russia ...

Zokambirana zachuma pa nkhaniyi

Kawirikawiri, patatha zaka zoposa makumi awiri, zizindikiro za ku Transnistrian macroeconomic siziwoneka zoipitsitsa kuposa za Moldova. Dzikoli likudziwika kuti palibe kusiyana pakati pa mafuko, komwe kumagwira ntchito yothandizana, komabe chofunika kwambiri ndizo mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zomwe Russia zimapereka boma lodziwika bwino (ndiko kuti, ngongole, koma popanda chiyembekezo cha kubwerera kwake). Pali mavuto, ndipo akugwirizana, monga pafupifupi mayiko onse a Soviet, ndi kuwonongeka kwa msika wamakono kuti apangidwe. Palibe kukayikira kuti Transnistria monga gawo la Russia lingapeze malo ake - palinso mafakitale, makampani opanga malonda, ndi ulimi womwe unakula panthawi ya USSR. Koma pali zifukwa zomwe zimalepheretsa mtundu uwu wa chitukuko.

Zosokoneza

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira yankho la funso lakuti Transnistria lidzagwirizana ndi Russia kapena ayi ndikuti dzikoli silikupezeka ku mapu a ndale a dziko lapansi. Mosiyana ndi Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia, dziko lino silinazindikiridwe ndi membala aliyense wa mayiko, kuphatikizapo Russian Federation. Pali chifukwa chokhulupilira kuti chochitika ichi, ngati chikuchitika, chidzaphatikizapo zotsutsa komanso zotsutsa zotsatila ndondomeko yaukali.

Malo a gawoli ndi ofunika. Popeza kuti ndale ya ku Ukraine imakhalabe yotsutsa komanso yosakayikira, tingaganize kuti ngati Transdniestria ikulowa ku Russia, bungwe la federation lidzatsekedwa ndi mbali zonse. Sitikudziwa momwe tingachitire ndi chiwonongeko chosakondweretsa kwambiri cha Moldova ndi Ukraine, Kremlin sichidzachitapo kanthu.

Chuma cha ku Russia, ngakhale kuti chiwopsezo chapamwamba kwambiri cha msika kunja, monga china chilichonse, chikukumana ndi mavuto padziko lonse. Ntchito ya boma si yosavuta: kusunga miyezo yoyenera ya moyo (komanso, bwinoko, kuonjezera) pazifukwa zofunikira kwambiri pa bajeti zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zapagulu. Kubweretsa Crimea kumalo onse a ku Russia kudzatengera ndalama zambiri.

Kuonjezerapo, zofuna za "ochita masewera" akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ayenera kuziganizira. Kuwonjezereka kwa mkhalidwe ku Ulaya, komanso ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhanza mu nkhondo isanayambe, komanso ngakhale msilikali, zidzasewera m'manja mwa anthu ogulitsa mafakitale a hydrocarboni, njira ndi yowonjezera mtengo, ngati njira zachitsulo zatsekedwa. Zonsezi sizikutithandizira kuti chiyembekezo cha Transnistria chikhale gawo la Russia mu nthawi yochepa.

Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Panthawi ya USSR (komanso m'madera osiyana kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale), pafupifupi m'mayiko ake onse zikhalidwe ndi zachuma zakhazikitsidwa, momwe chiyankhulo cha Russian kapena chiyankhulo cha Russian chimalamulira. Awa ndi Chiyukireniya South-East, mafakitale a ku Kazakhstan ndi madera ena ambiri, komwe akatswiri a Soviet nthawi anatumizidwa kuti akweze mbali zonse zachuma, kapena dziko linakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Nzeru za utsogoleri wadziko latsopano zodzilamulira zingathe kuweruzidwa ndi momwe zimasamalirira anthu, nthawi zina zimakhala moyo wawo wonse kukulitsa chuma, kugwira ntchito yawo moona mtima ndi kupambana bwino. Zomwe anthu amamva zokhudza sutikesi komanso sitima yotchuka zimatsimikizira kuti kulibe khalidwe labwino la munthu, komanso la pragmatism wamba. Mwatsoka, zolakwitsa za maboma, zochititsidwa khungu ndi mphamvu ya hypertrophied ya kunyada kwadziko, imabwerezedwa. Pamapeto pake, umphumphu wa dziko uli pangozi. Zotsatira za zidutswa zoperewera zomwe zakhala "zopangidwa kuchokera ku magawo awiri apakati" a dziko lalikulu mu kanthawi kochepa ndi zovuta kulosera. Ambiri a iwo apanga chisankho chawo, zina zonse ndi nkhani ya nthawi. Mwina, nthawi idzafika pamene Transnistria idzakhala mbali ya Russia. 2014 sizikuwoneka kukhala tsiku limenelo.