"Tulip" (ACS). Self-injini 240 mm matope 2S4 "Tulip"

Chikadzangotha Zima nkhondo mu 1939 potsiriza zinaonekeratu kuti asilikali pali kusowa bwino mortars katundu amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kuwononga malo yamalinga la mdani. Kuyambira ntchito pa kukhazikitsidwa awo chinalepheretsa Great kukonda dziko lako lonse, pamene makampani Soviet sanali mpaka mortars lolemera.

Pambuyo kuwina ntchito anayambiranso. Poyamba atakhala M-240 analengedwa. Likungosonyeza, monga dzina lake likunenera, ndi ofanana 240 mm. Koma makhalidwe a makina si kwathunthu kukumana usilikali. Makamaka, iwo sanakhutire ndi zida ofooka kwambiri. Komanso, panali zonena kuti galimotoyo. Iwo anayamba "Tulip" unsembe chitukuko pa nthawi ino. ACS, muyenera awonjezera mphamvu, ankawonjezereka zida ndi galimotoyo wangwiro.

Start chitukuko

Ntchito anayamba July 4, 1967, malinga ndi lamulo № 609-20. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi mfuti latsopano zida zankhondo (unachitikira mu index 2B8), zinali pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa otengedwa lolemera kudziletsa injini matope M-240. Kwathunthu anasunga ballistics ndi zida ntchito. Ntchito dera limeneli ikuchitika mwa akatswiri Perm. Iye anatsogolera ntchitoyi N. Kalachnikov.

Ndi kumuyamikila SAU "Tulip" makhalidwe a zimene zili m'nkhani, izo wakhala chidwi deta ballistic.

Poyamba, prototypes anasonkhana pa maziko a galimotoyo "chinthu 305", limene, kwenikweni, anali pafupifupi mwathunthu zofanana ndi zimene odana ndi ndege "Circle". Poyamba bukhu masamu kuti musunge chipolopolo katiriji 7,62h54 mtunda wa mamita 300. Development ndi kupanga akatswiri galimotoyo zikugwira "Uraltransmash" ndipo zotsatira YV Tomaszów. Nthawi yomweyo, tiona kuti matope kwambiri popanda sangathe ntchito mfundo.

mayesero fakitale

Pamene anayamba kuona "Tulip"? ACS choyamba anapita kukayezetsa kumapeto May 1969. Anamaliza yekha pa October 20 chaka chomwecho. Bwinobwino. Koma panali mayesero usilikali, ndipo patapita iwo, mu 1971, mbewu unatengedwa ndi Soviet Army.

Kwa zaka ziwiri, mbewu analandira dongosolo mwachindunji zinayi "Tulip" kumene mtengo wa galimoto imodzi inali 210 zikwi rubles. Mwa njira kulankhula wina kudziletsa injini "mthethe" mtengo 30,5 yekha zikwi. Pakani.

mbali chapadera ndi ACS latsopano

Monga tanena kale, thunthu ndi makhalidwe ballistic akhalabe kuchokera kuloŵedwa m'malo, pafupifupi popanda kuvutika lokhoza kusintha kwakukulu. Koma, mosiyana ndi M-240, kumene mawerengedwe a anakakamizidwa kuchita wotuluka onse pamanja, "Tulip" - kudziona injini mfuti, zida ndi chitetezo champhamvu hayidiroliki. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Translation zida ku kumenyana udindo kwa stowed ndi mosemphanitsa.
• Kukwezedwa matope mbiya.
• Inayambira chipata, kuchotsa tsinde pa mzere chambering chipolopolo.
• Makinawa kudya migodi ya makina nkhondowo paketi pa potsegula ndodo othamanga, yomwe ili pamwamba pa galimotoyo nyumba.
• Komanso, imagwiridwa kudzera matope adzapereke ndi kutseka shutter.

Nkhani zina

Ngodya ya moto SAU 2S4 "Tulip", mosiyana matope yapita lolemera pafupifupi 63 ". Boeukladki (mawotchi) lili mwachindunji galimotoyo nyumba. Total awiri packings, imene akhoza kumakhalamo 40 kapena ochiritsira projectiles mkulu zachiwawa kapena zotakasika 20, ndi mtundu yogwira. Tikumbukenso kuti ACS adzapereke angathe kuchitidwa kaya mwachindunji kuchokera pansi, ndi ntchito Kireni wapadera. Mosiyana ndi umodzi, malangizo yopingasa chandamale yatsala Buku kwathunthu.

Zida ntchito kulenga unsembe bwino kutsimikiziridwa injini dizilo B-59. Wamphamvu zosagwiritsa dongosolo kumwazikana lolemera mfuti kudziletsa injini kuti 62,8 km / h pamsewu. Koma pansi miyala misewu wabwinobwino, liwiro kuyenda pa izo ndi za 25-30 km / ola.

migodi

Chipolopolo chachikulu, amene amagwiritsa ntchito kudziletsa injini matope 2S4 ndi muyezo wanga F-864, zomwe akulemera makilogalamu 130,7. Kulemera yoyenera zachiwawa ndi 31,9 makilogalamu. Monga ntchito m'bukuli GVMZ lama fuyusi 7, ndilo vuto lililonse lokhudza wanga ali unsembe monga yomweyo ndipo anachedwa pa detonation.

Pali options asanu yomweyo kunyamula mtengo, amene akhoza kupereka mgodi koyamba mathamangidwe a 158 ndi 362 m / s. Choncho, mndandanda mmene moto zimasiyanasiyana mamita 800 kuti 9650.

Pomwepo igniter mlandu ili m'migodi shank chubu. Other chitsanzo ufa ndi annular zipewa, zomwe amagwira onse a chubu chomwecho ndi chingwe wapadera. Kale mu 1967 boma anapanga kuti makampani kukhala ndi kukhazikitsa migodi wapadera ndi mphamvu kilotonnes 2, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu anali mu kugwedezeka ntchito zonse pa chitukuko ndendende chipolopolo yomweyo, koma mu ntchito ya ndege ndi.

Pakali pano, Russian magalimoto oti muli nazo zida zambiri zochititsa chidwi projectile zida ...

"Kulimbika mzinda amatenga"

Koma yojambula enieni anabwera mu 1983, pamene wanga 1K113 "Daredevil" Analeredwa ndi Soviet Union. Kwenikweni, palibe chipolopolo m'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga mawu, ndi kuloŵa zida zankhondo. Amakhala ndi zigawo izi: mwachindunji ZV84 kuwombera (2VF4) okonzeka ndi zachiwawa projectile ZF5. Komanso, pali ndi laser rangefinder / designator 1D15 kapena 1D20.

Inde kudzudzulidwa unit pa mutu wanga, ndipo kusintha ndege ndi kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kulamulira pamalo amene angakhale msanga ndi molondola kwambiri kusintha malo a projectile mu ndege. Komanso kusintha njira ya ndege akhale ndi accelerators angapo olimba, zomwe zili pamodzi mabomba lonse nyumba m'njira zozungulira.

Ubwino wa mitundu yatsopano ya zipolopolo

Kusintha sakondwera kuposa masekondi 0.1-0.3. Lamulo la "molimba mtima" kuwombera alibiretu wosiyana alipidwa mabomba ndi mfuti, koma woyendetsa ndi ankafunika kutsegula kwa gawo kuwala ndi kuyatsa powerengetsera mphamvu ndi mipherezero laser Cholozera. Ambiri, kutsata akhoza adamulowetsa pa mtunda wa mamita 300-5000 ku "kopita", kenako mdani chinthu akuyamba kuunikiridwa ndi mwamphamvu laser mtengo. Chotero magalimoto oti muli nazo zida Russia kwambiri makamaka M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pamene kuyenda zoona luso chitukuko.

Mwa njira kulankhula ndi backlight yogwira ndi anazimitsa pa yekha nthawi imene wanga adzakhala ili pa mtunda wa mamita 400-800 kwa cholinga. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo si kubisa mdani nayo nthawi kuchita zikamera amuleka lapansi. Mwachidule, nthawi zonse laser palibe masekondi oposa atatu, umene Mwina kauntala mdani pakompyuta yafupika ziro.

Ngakhale kuti chithunzi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mtundu zingachititse maganizo olakwika a "obsolescence" kapena chirichonse monga izo si pamaso: unsembe wa 70, ntchito mu tandem ndi watsopano, miyala zingamuthandize, n'kutheka kupikisana ndi swatches bwino masiku ano.

Ambiri, mosavuta mtundu wa projectile mu bwalo awiri mamita awiri kapena atatu ndi 80-90%. Afghanstan Mujahideen anaphunzira izi nokha, zinachitikira kwawo kwachisoni. Ndi thandizo la "Tulip" ndi "daredevil" linanyeka ambiri a m'madera awo yamalinga mapiri.

N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera mfuti?

Nthawi zambiri, "Tulip" - ACS, umene uli chabe singasiyanitsidwe mu kuukira zokhalamo udindo wa mdani, komanso kumenyana mu zikhalidwe za midzi anthu. Choncho, mu nkhani iyi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika komwe malo mdani akuyamba mkulu nyumba nyumba (monga Grozny). The ntchito "Tulip" ndi kuti unsembe ndikuika mu mamita 10-20 nyumba, akhoza kutumiza projectile pafupifupi vertically, ndi chiyembekezo idagwa chimodzimodzi mbali inayo, zouluka pa malo a asilikali ake.

Mwa njira kulankhula ndi mabomba amphamvu wanga likungosonyeza otsutsa kubala ndithu chidwi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka yokhudza otsatira an'kanthunthumira kayendedwe kwakukulu Chisilamu: ambiri a iwo amakhulupirira kuti, pakutayika thupi, kumwamba, iwo sadzalandira. Choncho, mu Afghanistan chomwecho, pakhala nthawi pamene gulu lalikulu udindo mdani kumanzere, kokha kuphunzira za tsogolo la shelling, "Tulip".

Zinsinsi za mbiri

Mu malo ambiri pali umboni wakuti mortars amenewa sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pa makampeni awiri Chechen. Mu mabuku ena, pali umboni kuti pa itachita a "mphindi" adakali ananyoza "Tulip". Lang'anani, achinyengo Dudayev sanalephere kubweretsa namondwe zotsutsa la asilikali Russian onena kuti a "ntchito zida za nyukiliya." "Democratic" atolankhani izo mosangalala amapereka. Padakali ndi osadziwika ngati M'nkhani ya anali kugwiritsa ntchito "Tulip" kwenikweni.

Chifunga njakata aphimbidwa ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida Ukraine, akadali osadziwika (ndi chodziwikiratu konse aliwerenge), ndi angati a makina amenewa pa zida za dziko.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku mbiri yakale, monga chaka cha 1989, USSR anali osachepera 400 mayunitsi a mortars lolemera. N'chifukwa chake tikhoza kunena kuti galimoto oti muli nazo zida Ukraine komanso yophatikiza kudziona injini, monga gawo la mtondo ndi zochokera malire a kumadzulo.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha, palibe mphamvu mu dziko la zida zotere pa zida sanamvere. Ndipotu, mpaka m'mayiko NATO mulibe mortars likungosonyeza lomwe kuti upambana 120 millimeters.

Koma Russia, mu dziko lathu pambuyo "Tulip" ntchito pa mortars katundu anali pafupifupi anakomoka, kuti ape- toyesa analipo a asilikali kwathunthu. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, SAU "Tulip" lomwe lili chithunzi m'nkhani, wapadera dziko ndipo alibe lero.