Uzbekistan zokopa: kumasiye wa Samanids. Mausoleum wa Samanids ku Bukhara: kufotokoza, mbiri

Samanides manda ndi mwala ku Central Asia zomangamanga. Kukopa inamangidwa pafupifupi zaka 892 ndi 943. Amaona chipilala wamkulu wa zomangamanga Chisilamu ku Central Asia. Komanso, ndi kokha kupulumuka mapulani chinthu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Samanids. Mtengo wa kamangidwe amakhala ngakhale kwambiri pamene tiganizira chakuti Islam linaletsa ntchito yomanga mausoleums m'nyumba mtundu. Choncho, nkhani ya Mausoleum Samanids kungakhale, ndi za kuphwanya loyambirira la lamulo limeneli, koma chifukwa cha mausoleum loyamba la ndondomeko ya mbiri ya zomangamanga Chisilamu. Zonsezi zimapangitsa izo otchuka kwambiri kukopa mwa alendo, amene kawirikawiri kuti Bukhara kwa amalingalira ake.

Place chipilala

Samanid Mausoleum lili Bukhara, mu malo ake anakhalako. Malowa ali pamtunda pabwalopo, zimene lagawidwa dera la manda wakale. Zaka zingapo zapitazo kunali kosatheka kuona chifukwa cha zigawo, makulidwe a amene anafika mamita awiri. Koma lero zonsezi m'mbuyomu: chipilala kuti timasuke ku zinyalala izi ndipo amapezeka kuti maso onse chidwi.

Samanid Mausoleum (Uzbekistan) anali mu mkhalidwe kunyalanyaza mpaka 1920. Iye ndiye opareshoni yekha zifukwa zachipembedzo. Kukopa Achotsa manda ndi kubwezeretsedwa mu 1934.

Kufanana kwa chilengedwe

Samanid Mausoleum (Bukhara) - izi ndi zopambana ndi chachikulu kwa tanthauzo lake m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe kake ndi luso ubwino chipilala cha. Iye imatchulanso za kubadwa kwa kalembedwe atsopano a zomangamanga wa wakale chitsime chikhalidwe kuti anatsitsimuka pambuyo kuukira Aluya. Mawonekedwe yaikulu ya nyumba lalikulu ndi zinalengedwera analengedwa pano potengera miyambo ya zomangamanga ku Central Asia - kyubu, yomwe imaphimba mzikiti pa mlingo ndizo arches eyiti. Fomu nyumba amapeza phindu m'nthano mwa zizindikiro ndi: ndi kyubu ndi khola mawonekedwe, chizindikiro cha dziko lapansi; mzikiti simulates kumwamba. Ndipo kukodwa awo - ndi chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe. Choncho, dongosolo, komanso mudzi ndi chitsanzo cha chilengedwe.

maonekedwe zokopa

Samanid Mausoleum ali ndi mawonekedwe a lalikulu kumbali mamita khumi. Linamangidwa wa njerwa. Aliyense wa mbali zonse zinayi dongosolo ndi lotseguka kwa anayendera. Pakuti mfundo zonse zili atatu-kota pa danga la. Iwo alibe zipilala aliyense kukongoletsa ndi mitu nawonso kwina - kutsogolera. Filigree Arcade, mbali iliyonse imene amaperekedwa arches khumi, akutsamira pa ndime ya. nyumba kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi domes yaing'ono. Iwo pang'ono ankatembenukira kwa pakati pa nkhwangwa mizati ya. Pakati pa denga ili m'tchalitchi chachikulu ndi nyali yaing'ono.

Samanid Mausoleum (Bukhara) ali, monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mbali zinayi, omwe ali pakhomo anayi. Nyumbazi zimamangidwa mu chimango zovuta. Pakhonde ali chimango kukongoletsa kunja, amene choyamba chimakhala ikuluikulu kenako ang'onoang'ono keeled Chipilala mawonekedwe. Terracotta mapulani zinthu chokongoletsedwa zolowetsa chimango. Kukongoletsa njerwa ndi ulemerero wa kukonza.

Mkati mausoleum ali ndi mawonekedwe octagonal, umene Ufumuyo ngodya zinai za chipilalachi.

mbiri kugula

Samanid Mausoleum - kotero chosaiwalika akale amene za iwo pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo palibe deta mbiri. Pa mbiri ya chinthu naonso mukuganiza ndi kumanga maganizo ake pa nthano. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, mausoleum inamangidwa mafumu anayambitsa Ismail Samani kwa atate wake. Patapita kanthawi, chinthu chasanduka mu manda banja la Samanids. Amaganiza apa kuti m'manda yokha Ismail yemwe anamwalira mu 907. Komanso pano ndinapeza mpumulo wake malo komaliza ndi mdzukulu wake Nasr II Ibn Ahmad, amene sanali mu chaka 943. Dzina la munthu iyi anapezeka pa bolodi matabwa, ili pamwamba pakhomo.

The manda a Samanid chokhala preinteresneyshey nthano ina, imene ndi wosiyana pang'ono kwa Baibulo wovomerezeka mwalamulo la Islam. Choncho, mwambo limati Aluya anagonjetsa Bukhara anawononga akachisi onse Zoroastrian. Iwo anakwanitsa adzapulumuka okha m'nyumba ya dzuwa ndi mwezi Temple. Akukhulupirira kuti Temple wa Moon mu reorganized Magoki-Atari Mosque. Kachisi wa Dzuwa, ndipo nayenso anakhala kwambiri Samanid Mausoleum.

Hazrat Imam ovuta

Samanids mausoleum - si chipilala kokha, kumene anatchuka chifukwa Uzbekistan. Zokopa ndiye pali ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu Tashkent ndi zazikulu zovuta kwa Hazrat Imam - dera lomwe lili ndi zipilala ochepa chikhalidwe chauzimu cha Chiuzibeki. The centerpiece cha dzina chomwecho patsidwa kwa mausoleum kumene kuli thupi la nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka ndi wasayansi Kaffal al-Shashi. The mausoleum inamangidwa 1541. Kapangidwe ndi osiyana chamtanda mawonekedwe. Mkati ndi kunja makoma chokongoletsedwa ndi matailosi majolica wa chinthucho ndi mwala kusema.

Hazrat Imam zovuta komanso a pomanga Institute Chisilamu ndi Juma mzikiti. nyumba izi elegantly chokongoletsedwa kalembedwe dziko.

Modern Tashkent zokopa

malo zamakono komanso zimaonetsa Uzbekistan. Zokopa za mtundu umenewu tingaupeze onse Tashkent chomwecho. Chotero, inu mukhoza kuchezera "Aqualand" - paki madzi, zomwe inamangidwa pakati pa likulu Chiuzibeki. Popeza nyengo mu gawo ili la dziko louma kwambiri ndi kutentha, chinthu kufunika chachilendo pakati mumzindawo, ndipo mwa alendo ake. Mu "Aqualand" amapereka kwa alendo - zisanu maiwe wamba, yoweyula, zithunzi mkulu wa zosintha zosiyanasiyana, jacuzzi ndi otsetsereka wotchuka wotchedwa "akadziphulitse powononga".

Komanso mutha kukayendera mu Tashkent amir Timur Museum wotsegulira mu 1996. zokakamiza mwayi timudziwe bwino mbiri ya dzikoli mwa prism wa mbiri ya Timurid mafumu ndi ana a Tamerlane amphamvu. M'nyumbayi ili zikwi zitatu zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, amene ndikuuzeni za moyo ndi zochuluka za ngwazi yotchuka.

afterword

Uzbekistan wolemera zokopa ambiri alendo. Koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka pakati pawo Ndithu mausoleum wa Samanids, ndi Kuwulura chomwe chili pamwamba. chinthu ichi chatifika kwa zaka zambiri kuchokera kutali-kutali kale. Amawakonda ukulu wake ndi monumentality ndi chidwi. Uzbeks kukasamalira iko ndi zina tiweramitse pamaso pake.

Mausoleum ophatikizapo kukongola ndi ulemerero wa kum'mawa chikhalidwe Muslim. Iye ni mmodzi wa malo amenewa amene ndi ofunika kukacheza ndi dziko monga Uzbekistan.