Wambiri ya Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy. chidwi mfundo

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (zaka za moyo - 1892-1941) - wotchuka Russian ndakatulo. Anali mwana Tsvetaeva Ivan Vladimirovich (1847-1913), wasayansi. Ntchito yake yodziwika ndi chikondi maximalism, kukana za tsiku ndi tsiku, wathedwa chikondi, kusungulumwa zolinga. Major zopereka za ndakatulo - "Zosaiwalika" (1921), lofalitsidwa mu 1923. "Ufiti", "Pambuyo Russia" (1928). Iye analengedwa mu 1925, ndakatulo satirical amatchedwa "Pied Piper", ndi lotsatira - ". Ndakatulo ya Mapeto" Wambiri ya Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

banja Tsvetaeva

Tsvetaeva Marina anabadwa pa 26 September (akale kalembedwe - 8 October) 1892 mu Moscow. bambo ake, monga takambirana kale, anali wasayansi amene makamaka mbiri yakale luso ndi epigraphy. Iye anali woyambitsa ndi wotsogolera woyamba (kuchokera 1911 mpaka 1913), Museum of Wabwino Tirhana. Ukwati woyamba anali pulofesa zabwino kwambiri, koma pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa ana awiri, mkazi wamng'ono anafa, ndipo Ivan Tsvetaev ankakhulupirira kuti anakwatira Mariya Mayne. Mu 1892, 26 September, awiri izi anaonekera mtsikana amene analandira dzina la Marina (mwachitsanzo, "nyanja"). Akatero amayamba yonena za Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy.

Mayi, Meyn Mariya Aleksandrovna, anamwalira mu 1906. Iye anali limba, ndi mwana wa Rubinshteyna A. G. Mkazi uyu yathandiza yaikulu pa Marina. Analota kuti mwana wake wamkazi nayenso anakhala limba. Komabe, dziko la ndakatulo anakopeka wamng'ono Tsvetaeva kuposa ntchito machenjerero. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi msungwana wakale analemba ndime yoyamba. Ndipo osati Russian Marina zikuchitika, komanso Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani. M'malo mosamalitsa anakulira aakazi (Marina ndi mlongo wake Anastasia) amayi. Iwo anaphunzira kwambiri. Agogo theka abale ndi alongo - mbiri komanso publicist Ilovajskij Dmitri Ivanovich.

Childhood wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo

Wambiri ya Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy mu zaka zoyambirira zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro chakuti iye anali mwana chifukwa cha matenda mayi nthawi yaitali mu Germany, Switzerland, Italy. Chiphwanya mu maphunziro zolimbitsa thupi adadzazidwa mu makalasi pa sukulu yogonera komweko m'dziko Freiburg ndi Lausanne. Marina unachitikira bwino German ndi French. Anamvetsera pa Sorbonne mu 1909, French mabuku Inde.

ufulu Early

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mayi yosamalira ana anagwa pa mapewa bambo ake. Iye anali otanganidwa kuntchito, kotero iwo samakhoza kuthera nthawi yake yonse. N'chifukwa chake, mwinamwake, atsikana wamkulu kupitirira zaka palokha, anachita chidwi oyambirira pa mavuto azandale boma, ubale ndi atsikana.

Education Marina Tsvetaeva

Pa kuumirira kwa mayi wake ali mwana Marina Tsvetaeva anapita nyimbo sukulu, natenga kunyumba maphunziro nyimbo. Koma atamwalira pofuna Mariya zinthu izi analibe. Marina ndi mlongo wake anaphunzira maphunziro ake oyambirira kunyumba, motsogoleredwa ndi mayi ake. Pa zaka 8-9, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo kupitanso kukaphunzira mu zolimbitsa thupi Bryukhonenko MT, ndiyeno Switzerland, mu Lausanne. Anaphunzira mu 1903 mu Akatolika yogonera sukulu, ndiyeno anapita pambuyo banja tinasamukira French chiphaso sukulu. Tsvetaeva anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Germany, pa alendo nyumba Freiburg. Iye mosavuta anapatsidwa zinenero, ndipo ndiye zambiri amazipeza pomasulira, chifukwa zilandiridwenso si kuonjezera ndalama ndakatulo iyi, ngati Marina Tsvetaeva. Wambiri ndi ndakatulo yake atafa anayamba angachititse chidwi ambiri.

Marina anapita mu 1908 ku Paris, komwe analembetsa pa Sorbonne. Pali anamvetsera nkhani mabuku Old French.

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolembalemba

Creative yonena za Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy umayamba motere. Woyamba zatsopano zolembalemba anali a bwalo la Symbolists wa Moscow. Marina anakumana Briusov, amene kunathandiza kwambiri ndakatulo oyambirira, ndi ndakatulo monga Ellios (Kobylinskiy Lev Lvovich). Anachita nawo ntchito za zibonga ndi situdiyo, yomwe ili pa yofalitsa "Musaget". Komanso anali ndi chikoka chachikulu luso ndi ndakatulo dziko la nyumba (mu Crimea), luso wotsutsa ndi ndakatulo Maximilian Voloshin. Iye anakhala mu Koktebel nthawi zambiri.

Zotolera loyamba

Kusonkhanitsa ake awiri a ndakatulo "Madzulo Album" (1910) ndi "The Magic nyali" (1912), komanso olembedwa mu 1914 ndakatulo "Mfiti" kufotokoza bwino zida kunyumba (zithunzi, kalirole, maholo, ana), kuwerenga, kuyenda pa Boulevard, nyimbo, ntchito, maubwenzi ndi mchemwali wake ndi amayi yoyerekeza tsikulo wa wamng'ono wa pasukulu. "Album Madzulo" inapatulidwa pokumbukira Mary Bashkirtseva Konstantinovna wojambula kuti tikukamba tsikulo, lathu wongodzinenera. Monga kunalembedwa mu 1921, ndakatulo "Pa kavalo wofiira" mawonekedwe lowoneka m'Chiarabu chikondi anapeza nkhani ya ndakatulo kupanga.

ntchito zina

odzipatulira kwa Sofey Parnok (amene tidakali ndikuuzeni), mkombero wa ndakatulo "bwenzi" inatuluka mu 1916. Pa Civil nkhondo anadza mkombero lotchedwa "Mbalame ya Chinsansa Song," amene anali odzipereka kwa ungwazi wa asilikari woyera. Pali mu ntchito zake ndi ndakatulo, ndi zidutswa chikondi, monga "kavalo wofiira," "Yegorushka", "Tsar Buthu".

Chibwenzi ndi Rodzevich anauzira chilengedwe cha zopereka za "ndakatulo ya chimaliziro" ndiponso "ndakatulo ya phiri." Mu Paris, panali otsiriza moyo Kutolere Marina. banja Izi zinachititsa mu 1928 ku Czech Republic. Unakhalabe unpublished, koma ambiri a ndakatulo yake. Marina anapanga moyo makamaka mabaibulo ndi madzulo kulenga.

tsoka

Lalikulu chinsinsi Efron banja (mwamuna a ndakatulo iyi), ndipo Tsvetaeva, n'chifukwa chiyani anawauza kuti ayende Soviet Union mu 1939? kapitawo wakale White, Efron, amene anamenyera mwamphamvu ndi Bolsheviks mwadzidzidzi anakhulupirira mwa kupambana kwa chikominisi. Iye anabwerera mu Paris ndi anthu ammudzi kulamulira NKVD, amene anachitira ndi kubwerera kwa kwawo kwawo. Mu 1937, anafika woyamba wamkazi Moscow Marina Tsvetaeva a, Ariadne (amene anamangidwa pamaso wina aliyense). Pambuyo Sergei Efron anathawa, monga wakhala kusweka kugona ndi NKVD ku Paris. Marina ndi mwana wake anatsatira mwamuna wake mpaka kumapeto kwa kuchita ntchito ya mkazi wachikondi.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Marina I.

The zochitika zotsatirazi anamaliza mbiri yake. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva anakumana amangidwe mwamuna wake ndi mwana wake mu 1939, Anagwetsanso wolemba ndakatulo. Iye ndekha ndi mwana wake George. Ndipo naye paubwenzi, asokoneza chidwi kwambiri anatchera, ankawaona. odandaula chifukwa cha zonsezi M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Mwachidule yonena za masiku zaka zomalizira za moyo wake unachotsedwa zotsatirazi chochitika oopsa. August 31, 1941, pambuyo posamutsidwa kuti Yelabuga mogwirizana ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Tsvetaeva yekha kumpachika pa Kama Mtsinje, mu nyumba holo, chimene chakhala allocated kuti iwo ndi mwana wake. Iwo sanali napeza m'manda a Marina Tsvetaeva, ngakhale khama la mlongo wake Anastasia, amene anali anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso mu 1959, ndipo mwana wake Ariadne (anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso mu 1955). Mu August 1941, ku Moscow, anawomberedwa ndi Sergei Efron.

Amenewa ndi yonena mwachidule Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna.

Ubwino chilengedwe ndakatulo

Tili ndi chidwi chofuna ndakatulo iyi, mwatsoka, pamene moyo sanayembekezere kuzindikira. Iye anali ndi njala, ndi chionetsero ndi zopereka mpake anali kuyamikira anthu a m'nthawi yake. Panopa Komabe, Tsvetaeva ndiye Wolamulira mmodzi wa oimira wotchuka kwambiri Russian ndakatulo ya Silver Age. Mwachidule yonena za Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna ndi ndakatulo yake aphatikizidwa maphunziro kusukulu. Lero ndi ndakatulo wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo ambiri mwa kukhala romances wotchuka, kuwaimba. Tsopano, osati Russia komanso kunja amakonda chikondi ndi kuzindikira Marina Tsvetaeva. Short yonena mu English Marina Ivanovna Mwachitsanzo, analengedwa ndi olemba ambiri. Mu Netherlands, ku Leiden, nyumba ili pa khoma zomwe zinalembedwa ndakatulo Tsvetaeva (chithunzi pansipa).

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Tsvetaeva

moyo wa ndakatulo iyi (iye yekha sanali mawu, wotchedwa chokha ndakatulo) ku ntchito zake kulekanitsidwa. Choncho m'pofunika kulankhula za pang'ono mfundo zosangalatsa zimene amalembedwa moyo wake. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva analemba ntchito zake zabwino zili mu chikondi, panthawi zinakuchitikirani amphamvu maganizo.

Ambiri mabuku chiwawa anali mu Marina wa moyo, koma chikondi chokha wopyoza moyo wonse a ndakatulo iyi - ndi Sergei Efron, amene anakhala mwamuna wake ndi bambo wa ana ake.

Chiyambi iwo anali chibwenzi, mu Crimea mu 1911. Marina, pamene wolemba ndakatulo ikuphukira, anakhala pano pa kuyitana kwa Maximilian Voloshin, bwenzi lake lapamtima.

Sergei Efron mu Crimea anabwera kuchiritsa pambuyo mowa, komanso kuti achire pambuyo kudzipha mayi ake. Kale mu 1912, mu January, anakwatirana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mwana wamkazi Tsvetaeva a, Ariadne. Komabe, ngakhale kuti Marina ali kwambiri waife mwamuna wake, zaka 2 atabadwa Ali (otchedwa kunyumba Ariadne) iye plunges kwenikweni mu buku latsopano. Ndipo nthawi mkaziyo, ndakatulo komanso womasulira Sophia Parnok anakonda Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Mwachidule yonena ana, ndithudi, sanatchule izo. Momvetsa anakumana Efron chilakolako cha mkazi wake, koma anamukhululukira. Mu 1916, pambuyo mikangano ambiri ndi chiyanjanitso, Tsvetaeva anasiya ndi Parnok nabwera kwa banja.

Pambuyo Kuyanjananso ndi mwamuna wake mu 1917, Marina anabereka Irina, amene wakhala kukhumudwa chifukwa Tsvetaeva, amene ankafuna mwana. Efron nawo kayendedwe ka woyera, anamenyana ndi Bolsheviks, kotero pambuyo zisinthe, Moscow ndipo anapita kum'mwera, kumene nawo motetezera Crimea. Iye anasamuka chabe atazungulira Denikin anali potsiriza anagonjetsedwa.

ana awiri anakhala Marina Tsvetaeva mu Moscow. Wochotseka banja ndipo ali kugulitsa zinthu kudya. Komabe, kusunga mwana wamng'ono, ngakhale akuyesetsa, izo sizikanakhoza kukhala mayi. Ira anafa mu malo ogona ndi njala, pamene iye anapereka Tsvetaeva, poganiza kuti mwana azidya bwino apa.

Marina pa kulekana ndi mwamuna wake anapulumuka angapo mabuku, koma anaganiza mu 1922 kupita Sergei Efron kunja. Kale chikugwirizana ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna wanu, Marina m'nthawi ya ukapolo ku Czech Republic anakumana ndi Rodzevich, omwe ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira bambo weniweni wa George, nthawi yaitali mwana anabadwa mu 1925. Koma mwalamulo ndi Efron. Iye wagwiritsa anatsindika Marina Tsvetaeva (mbiri, chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa lomwenso takambirana), kenako anabereka mwana mwamuna wake. Choncho, anafa owomboledwa mlandu wawo anamva mwana anamwalira pambuyo chosintha Moscow.

Izi ndi ndakatulo Marina Tsvetaeva. Wambiri, chidwi mfundo kwa moyo wake, chiyembekezo, linachititsa chikhumbo mu owerenga kupitiriza kuzolowerana ndi nthumwi wowala wa ku ndakatulo ya Silver Age. Analimbikitsa kuwerenga ndakatulo yake. ntchito kwenikweni luso analenga Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Short yonena (chimene chimatchedwa Silver Age, ndikuyembekeza inu kumbukirani) analengedwa kuti kupanga chidwi mu ntchito yake.