Wophiphiritsa tanthauzo la mawu - izi ndi ... Kodi wophiphiritsa tanthauzo mawu? Mawu mophiphiritsa

Language ndi Mipikisano faceted ndi Mipikisano zinchito lingaliro. Pofuna kudziwa chikhalidwe chake chofunika kuganizira mafunso angapo mosamala. Mwachitsanzo, lilime chipangizo ndi ubale wa zinthu za dongosolo lawo, chikoka cha zinthu zina ndi ntchito mu anthu.

Tanthauzo la matanthauzo ophiphiritsa

Kale kalasi junior sukulu, aliyense amadziwa kuti mau omwewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kulankhula. Direct (zazikulu, zazikulu) mtengo akutchulidwa, chimene chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi mfundo cholinga. Iwo sadalira nkhani ndi nthano chabe. Chitsanzo ndi mawu akuti "kugwa". Mu mankhwala, zikutanthauza lakuthwa ndipo mwadzidzidzi kugwa mu magazi, ndipo zakuthambo - ndi chidule mofulumira nyenyezi mchikakamizo cha mphamvu yokoka.

Wophiphiritsa tanthauzo la mawu - izi ndi phindu lachiwiri. Kumachitika pamene kulanda amazindikira mutu wa chodabwitsa chilichonse kwa wina chifukwa cha kufanana kwa ntchito zawo, mbali ndi zina zotero .. Mwachitsanzo, yemweyo "kugwa" anali tanthauzo lophiphiritsira mawu. Zitsanzo ndi moyo pagulu. Choncho, mophiphiritsira "kugwa" amatanthauza chiwonongeko, kugwa yobweretsa anthu chifukwa cha yatsoka a dongosolo mavuto.

tanthauzo sayansi

Mu zilankhulo anasamutsa tanthauzo la mawu - ndi otumphukira awo sekondale kugwirizana ndi yaikulu phindu zophiphiritsira chabe metonymic kudalira kapena makhalidwe alionse associative. Pamene izi zimachitika zimachokera pa nkhani, okhudza malo, kanthawi ndi mfundo zina correlativity.

Ntchito kalankhulidwe

Mawu ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira ntchito wotchula zochitika, amene mulibe wamba ndi zonse chinthu amatanthauza. Iwo anabwera pamodzi ndi mfundo zina gulu akhoza akuoneka kuti okamba nkhani.

Mawu mophiphiritsa, angasunge masomphenya. Mwachitsanzo, zauve kutineneza kapena malingaliro zauve. makhalidwe amenewa ndi zooneka m'madikishonale lapansi. mawu awa ali osiyana olemba anatulukira mafanizo.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, pamene pali kulanda mfundo zithunzi atayika. Zitsanzo kutchula mawu monga spout ndi chitoliro unakhota, ndi kaloti wotchi mchira. Zikatero, attenuation amapezeka zithunzi mu mawu lexical tanthauzo.

Kusintha akamanena za chiphunzitso cha

mawu mtengo kunyamula akhoza asungike kanthu, mbali kapena chinthu. Chifukwa, chitadutsa m'gulu la akuluakulu kapena zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, msana wa buku kapena chitseko.

polysemy

Wophiphiritsa tanthauzo la mawu - chodabwitsa zambiri chifukwa ambiguity awo. M'chilankhulo sayansi umatchedwa "polysemy". Nthawi zambiri palibe liwu limodzi khola phindu. Komanso, anthu amene ntchito chinenero, pali zambiri kufunika dzina chodabwitsa watsopano, amene alibe ndi kalembedwe lexical. Pankhaniyi, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu kuwadziŵa.

Mafunso polisemii - nthawi zambiri nkhani nomination. M'mawu ena, kusuntha zinthu ndi mawu wogwila abwino. Komabe, asayansi amavomereza. Ena mwa iwo saloledwa waphindu kuposa wina mawu. Pali view wina. Asayansi ambiri amapereka lingaliro limene tanthauzo lophiphiritsira mawu - ndi tanthauzo lexical, amene anazindikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, tiyenera kunena "phwetekere wofiira". Monga ntchito m'bukuli, ndi adjective ndi phindu mwachindunji. "Red" tinganene chiyani za munthu. Pankhaniyi, izo anazindikira kuti akanamachita manyazi ndi akanamachita manyazi. Choncho, tanthauzo lophiphiritsira nthawi zonse zinakhalako kudzera mwachindunji. Koma kulongosolerana, chifukwa wofiira amatchedwa wofiira, zilankhulo sangapereke. Dzina anapatsidwa mtundu.

The polysemy palinso chodabwitsa cha mfundo disparity. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "yopuma" angatanthauze kuti chinthu mwadzidzidzi malawi, ndi munthu akanamachita manyazi ndi manyazi, ndi chakuti zonse mwadzidzidzi panali mkangano, ndi zina zotero .. Ena mwa mawu amenewa akupezeka chinenero zambiri. Iwo msanga mmaganizo pamene mawu otchulidwa. Ena ntchito kokha zinthu zenizeni ndi ma yeniyeni.

Pakati ena a matanthauzo a mawu, pali zamalankhulidwe limasonyeza kuti kupanga zomveka chodabwitsa pamene katundu osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zimatchedwa njira yomweyo.

kudutsa

Mau oti mophiphiritsa kungakhale osati khola chinenero zoona. anagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zina zochepa wamba, ndipo ikuchitika mu chimango cha mawu amodzi okha. Pankhaniyi, cholinga zimatheka kukokomeza ndipo anati mmodzi mawu.

Choncho, pali wosakhwima kunyamula tanthauzo. Zitsanzo za ntchito imeneyi ndi ndakatulo, mabuku. Pakuti Mitundu izi ndi zothandiza luso njira. Mwachitsanzo, Bloc kukumbukira "chipululu maso ngolo" kapena "fumbi mvula kumeza mu mankhwala." ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira la mawu mu nkhani imeneyi? Uwu ndi umboni wa mphamvu yake malire kufotokoza mfundo zatsopano.

Zikamera ndi matanthauzo ophiphiritsa mawu zolembalemba ndi stylistic mtundu ndi mayendedwe. M'mawu ena, ndi mau okuluwika.

fanizo

Mu philology allocated angapo losiyanasiyana maina kutengerapo. Munthu mmodzi wofunika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi fanizo. Iwo anafuna kulanda chodabwitsa mmodzi pano ndi mzake. Ndipo izi ndi zotheka ngati kufanana mbali zina. Kufanana akhale kunja (mu mtundu, kukula, chikhalidwe, maonekedwe ndi kayendedwe) wamkati ndiponso (pafupifupi maganizo ndi zidindo). Choncho, mothandizidwa ndi mafanizo kunena maganizo wakuda ndi wowawasa nkhope, Kunama mphepo ndi phwando ozizira. Pankhaniyi m'malo a zinthu, koma chizindikiro cha chiphunzitso cha akanali yemweyo.

Zam'manja tanthauzo la ntchito mafanizo amapezeka amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana kufanana kwake. Chitsanzo ndi weft (zachipatala chipangizo) ndi thalakitala mbozi. Agwiritsidwa kulanda mtundu umenewu. tanthauzo zophiphiritsira chabe angathe kuonedwa ndi maina a munthu. Mwachitsanzo, chiyembekezo, chikondi, Faith. Nthawi zina mfundo za kutengerapo anachita ndi kufanana ndi phokoso. Choncho, lipenga kuitana belu.

metonymy

Ndi mmodzi wa mitundu yofunika kwambiri maina zoyendera. Komabe, ntchito sizikhudza kufanana zizindikiro mkati ndi kunja. Pano tili ndi contiguity wa ndi zotsatira, kapena kwina, tangency a zinthu mu nthawi kapena malo.

Metonymic wophiphiritsa tanthauzo la mawu - kusintha osati phunziro, koma lingaliro kwambiri. Pamene kulongosola zodabwitsazi amenable yekha kugwirizana ndi ogundizana kugwirizana lexical unyolo.

matanthauzo ophiphiritsa mawu molungama pa kucheza ndi nkhani imene anapanga chinthu. Mwachitsanzo, dziko lapansi (nthaka), tebulo (chakudya), ndi zina zotero. D.

synecdoche

Mfundo imeneyi kulanda mbali ina ya lonse. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi mawu akuti "mwana amapita amayi siketi," "mutu zana a ng'ombe", etc.

homonyms

Mfundo imeneyi zofanana mu philology phokoso awiri kapena mawu zambiri zosiyana. Homonymy mawu mwangozi lexical mayunitsi amene osalumikidwa ndi mzake semantically.

Kusiyanitsa homonyms phonetic ndi kalembedwe. Mlandu nkhawa mawu amene ali accusative kapena nominative, phokoso ofanana koma ndi nyimbo zosiyana phonemes. Mwachitsanzo, "ndodo" ndi "dziwe". homonyms kalembedwe wapatsidwa mu phoneme, ndi katchulidwe ka mawu ndinu yemweyo, koma osiyana yeniyeni mitundu ya mawu. Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero "zitatu" ndi akuti "atatu". sadzakhala chomwecho pamene kusintha katchulidwe ka mawu. Mwachitsanzo, "akusisita", "atatu" ndipo T. D.

Mau ofanana

Mfundo imeneyi akutchula mawu a mbali yomweyo ya kulankhula, yemweyo kapena ofanana mu tanthauzo lexical. Chiyambi cha ofanana ndi chinenero china ndi tanthauzo lake lexical obscheliteraturnogo ndi chilankhulo. Pali matanthauzo ophiphiritsa mawu ndi mwa jargon ( "mkangano" - "ndi").

Mau ofanana ogaŵikana mitundu. Pakati pawo:

• mtengo mtheradi pamene mawu chikugwirizana kwathunthu ( "nyamayi" - "nyamayi");
• cilamulo, mithunzi osiyana matanthauzo lexical ( "ndikuganiza" - "ndikuganiza");
• stylistic, amene kusiyana kwa mitundu stylistic ( "tulo" - "tulo").

zotsutsana

Mfundo imeneyi akubwera mawu okhudzana ndi mbali yomweyo ya kulankhula, koma ndi mfundo wotsutsana. Mtundu wa mfundo kunyamula akhoza kukhala kusiyana mu dongosolo la ( "pochitika" - "kupanga") ndi mizu osiyana ( "woyera" - "wakuda").
Antonymy m'mawu osonyeza counterposed lathu zizindikiro, zinthu, zochita ndi katundu. Cholinga cha ntchito zawo - kulanda kusiyana. Njira imeneyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndakatulo ndi oratory.