"Wotembereredwa Masiku" Bunin: mwachidule ndi mutu

Kuwerenga "Wotembereredwa Masiku" (Bunin, mwachidule motere m'munsimu), mosadziwa kukakwera nokha ndikuganiza kuti Russia m'malo ndi "masiku wotembereredwa" kubwera wosatha latsopano, chimodzimodzi "chaotayika" ... Kunja, amaoneka kukhala osiyana, koma chofunikira mitembo yawo chomwecho - chiwonongeko, kunyoza, nkhanza, olamulirawo ndi histrionics wosatha kuti musaphe, atafa - si zotsatira koipa mu nkhani iyi, ndipo zingapundule moyo, yosinthira moyo mu imfa yapang'onopang'ono popanda mfundo popanda maganizo chimodzi chokha chachikulu chisokonezo. Wowopsa, pamene amaganiza kuti zimenezi zitakuchitikirani mu moyo wa munthu wina. Ndipo ngati mukuganiza kuti "HIV" kuchulukana ndi kufalikira, matenda miyoyo mamilioni kwa zaka zambiri kuwononga mtundu wonse zonse zabwino ndi lofunika? Kwambiri.

Moscow, 1918

Kuyambira January 1918 ku January 1920, wolemba lalikulu la Russia Bunin Ivan Alekseevich ( "Wotembereredwa Masiku") opezeka mu mawonekedwe a tsikulo ndi - moyo zithunzizi chi - zonse zimene zikuchitika pamaso wake pambuyo chosintha Russia, zinthu zonse zimene anamva nkhawa zowawa ndi zomwe ena masiku ake konse adagawana - ululu zosaneneka dziko lawo.

Mbiri koyamba unapangidwa woyamba mu January 1918. Chimodzi "zisiyeni" chaka kumbuyo, koma palibe chimwemwe, chifukwa n'zosatheka kulingalira kuti Russia akuyembekezera zambiri. Ndichiyembekezo kulibe, ngakhale malomalski chiyembekezo tidzabwerera 'kupitiriza ndondomeko "kapena m'malo kusintha kwa limatsogolera bwino tsiku lililonse latsopano. Mu kukambirana ndi wolemba polotorami anagwiranso ndi "lopotana", kuti lero okha Mulungu akudziwa zomwe ndi ife tonse adzakhala ... Pambuyo pa zonsezi ndende, zipatala anamasulidwa Psychiatric achifwamba lunatics kuti ziweto zawo mwachibadwa anazindikira fungo la magazi, mphamvu zosaneneka ndi kulangidwa. "Ine kuvula Mfumu", anagwa pa mpando wachifumu, ndipo tsopano kuthamanga ndi anthu amphamvu, ndi ponseponse expanses zedi Russia: mu Simferopol, anati asilikali ndi antchito inalangidwa mwachisawawa, "monga m'maondo mu amapita magazi." Ndipo choyipitsitsa cha zonse - pali zikwi anthu mamiliyoni mazana yekha, koma, ndipo simungathe kuchita china ...

mosakondera

Tipitirize mwachidule ( "Wotembereredwa Masiku" Bunin IA). Osati anthu, kaya Russia ndi ku Ulaya amawanena wolemba subjectivity ziweruzo zake za zochitika zimenezo, kuti nthawi yekha akhoza kukhala opanda tsankho ndi cholinga adziwe za Russian utasintha. kuukira onsewa Bunin anayankha mosapita m'mbali - mosakondera m'lingaliro mwachindunji mawu palibe, ndipo sadzatero, ndipo ake "kukondera" mwa mavuto iwo mu zaka zoopsa ndi ambiri sali mosakondera.

Iye ali ndi ufulu ndi udani, ndi mkwiyo, ndi mkwiyo ndi chilango. N'zosavuta kukhala "ololera" pamene kuonera zochitika pa ngodya kutali, ndipo inu mukudziwa kuti aliyense ndipo palibe chimene chingalepheretse inu kapena, oipitsitsa, kuwononga ulemu wanu, kuvulaza anthu popanda moyo ndisawazindikire ... Ndipo pamene inu nokha pakati pa zochitika choopsa pamene inu kusiya nyumba ndi sindikudziwa, kubwerera kumeneko moyo pamene anachotsedwa nyumba yake, pamene njala pamene apatsidwa "chifukwa aunsi wa biscuit", "pozhuesh iwo - kununkha moyo infernal yoyaka" pamene kwambiri kosati zowawa zathupi kanthu poyerekeza ndi IU maganizo aniyami ndi osaleka yotopetsa, amatenga zonse popanda kufufuza ndi ululu chakuti "ana athu ndi zidzukulu sadzatha kulingalira kuti dziko, ufumu, Russia, kumene tinali (ie dzulo) moyo, sitichita wofunika kuzimvetsa - mphamvu zonse, Kuvuta, kulemera, chimwemwe ... ", ndi" chilakolako "sangakhoze kukhala, ndipo akhala motero muyeso woona zabwino ndi zoipa.

Makhalidwe

Inde, "Masiku Wotembereredwa" Bunin mu Chidule komanso odzazidwa ndi bwinja, maganizo ndi nkhanza. Koma nthawi yomweyo ofala ku malongosoledwe a anthu a zaka zimenezo, zochitika ndi mkati zawo boma utoto wakuda ndipo ayenera kumwedwa osati kuti "opanda" chizindikiro, ndipo chizindikiro "kuphatikiza". Black ndi woyera chithunzi, osati yowala, mitundu zimalimbikitsa, maganizo ndi pa nthawi yomweyo mwakuya ndi n'kakang'ono. Black inki kudana Russian utasintha ndi Bolsheviks ndi woyera chisanu yonyowa, "pulasitala iwo pasukulu kupita - kukongola ndi chisangalalo" - izi ndi kusiyana momvetsa wokongola, onse kufalitsa ndi kunyansidwa ndi mantha, ndi kukhala ndi kanthu mofanana ndi chikondi kwa Lathu ndi kukhulupirira kuti pakapita nthawi ya "munthu oyera", "kum'manga, mkulu mphamvu" kudzathandiza kuthetsa kwambiri "ruffian" ndi "wowonongayo" mu moyo wa anthu Russian.

m'nthawi

Buku "Masiku Wotembereredwa" (Bunin Ivan) ladzala ndi ngakhale zonse, mawu a wolemba za m'nthawi yake: Blok, Gorky, Himmer, Sukhanov, Mayakovsky, Bryusov, Tikhonov ... Zilango, makamaka chifundo, lobaya. sakanakhoza IA Bunin kumvetsa, kuvomereza ndi kukhululukira iwo "prihlebatelstvo" aboma latsopano. Kodi ukhoza kukhala choncho pakati moona, munthu wanzeru ndi Bolsheviks?

ndi asapita pakati pa Bolsheviks ndipo khamu lonselo Kodi - Tikhonov, Gorky, Himmer, Sukhanov? Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo "kulimbikira" ndi iwo, poyera kuti iwo "gulu la adventurers," amene chifukwa cha mphamvu, monyoza kubisala kuseri "Zofuna za proletariat Russian" ukupereka Mama ndi "mwano mpando wopanda wa Romanovs." Ndipo pa ena? Ndi pa zina - amoyo "kunyumba" mu Soviet Union requisitioned "National Hotel" pa makoma zithunzi za Lenin ndi Trotsky, ndi pansi - chitetezo cha asilikali ndi chikalata akudutsa Bolshevik "commandant."

Bryusov, Blok, Mayakovsky poyera limodzi ndi Bolsheviks, ndipo anachita, malinga ndi wolemba, anthu opusa. Mwachangu mofanana iwo touted monga autocracy ndi Bolshevism. Tinachita "la kumodzi apamwamba", ndi "mpanda mabuku." Koma ogwetsa kwambiri kuti "mpanda" kumene kumakhala magazi abale pafupifupi mabuku onse Russian, izo lotetezeka ngati si onse a Russia sadzachitanso. Zikusokoneza chimodzi - adzakhala zidzatheka pansi pa mpanda kutuluka? Last, Mayakovsky sangathe khalidwe labwino, nthawi zonse muyenera kuti ' "ngati" wamwano ufulu "ndi" stoerosovaya kulunjika chiweruzo "ndi yofunika" makhalidwe "luntha.

Lenin

Tipitirize mwachidule - "Wotembereredwa Masiku" Bunin Ivan Alekseevich. udani Special mankhwala ndi impregnated ndi chithunzi cha Lenin. wolemba alibe skimp pa achipongwe zikuchepa zoipa za "mtsogoleri Bolshevik" - "negligible", "con", "O, kodi chirombo" ... osati kungoyankhula, ndi timapepala ta anali anaika kuzungulira mzindawo kuti Lenin ndi Trotsky - alipidwa " ndiopusa "opanduka, ziphuphu ndi dziko la Germany. Koma Bunin osati amakhulupirira mphekesera izi. Iye akuwona mu iwo "otentheka," piously kukhulupirira mu "moto dziko", koma ndi woipa kwambiri, chifukwa zotentheka - pali atikhaulitse, maganizo, erases malire a wololera ndi kuika pa pedestal kokha chinthu choyamikiridwa wake, ndipo, kotero, mantha, ndi chiwonongeko lopanda mangawa onse otsutsa. Wompereka Yudasi utatha pambuyo polandira "wolemekezeka zasiliva makumi atatu," ndi wotentheka amapita ku mapeto. Umboni wa zimenezi zinali zokwanira: Russia kusungidwa zonse "oyambitsa vuto," sanaime mantha, nkhondo yapachiweniweni, magazi ndi chiwawa akulandiridwa chifukwa ankaona Zimatheka njira kukwaniritsa "cholinga chachikulu". Lenin yekha akhagopa zonse, "ngati moto", kulikonse "longoganizira conspiracies", "mantha" mphamvu ndi moyo, chifukwa sayembekezera, ndipo nkukhalabe ndithu amakhulupirira mchigonjetso October.

Kukwera Russian

"Wotembereredwa Masiku" Bunin - mankhwala kusanthula sikuthetsa pano. Ambiri muses Wolemba akamanena za ulimi Russian, amene inextricably zogwirizana ndi moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu Russian, "chifukwa Mulungu woona ndi satana nthawi zonse m'malo mwa Russia." Pa dzanja limodzi kuchokera kalekale a dziko lapansi Russian ulemerero "razboynichkami" osiyana "poshiba" - ". Polumikiza ndodo, Murom, Saratov, yarygi, othamanga, akapandukira onse ndi zamakedzana, ndi ofesa iliyonse yophika, Mabodza ndi ziyembekezo zabodza" Pa zina - ndipo anali "munthu oyera" ndi wolima, ndi wogwira ntchito molimbika, ndi womanga. Icho chinali "mosalekeza kulimbana 'ndi freaks ndi owononga, tikupeza kulambira kodabwitsa" iliyonse yophika, woukira boma, matenda a magazi ndi Bodza lamkunkhuniza "amene mosayembekezera ukugwira" chisomo chachikulu, zachilendo ndi m'maganizo a mitundu m'tsogolo. "

Russian chisembwere

Amene unayambika kuchokera zosaneneka zachabechabe? Kumanga pa ntchito Kostomarov, Solovyev pa Nthawi ya Mavuto kuganiza F. M. Dostoevskogo, IA Bunin amaona magwero a mitundu yonse ya mavuto, Mofulumira ndi chosowa ku Russia mu mdima wauzimu, achinyamata osakhutira ndi vutoli wa anthu Russian. Russia - lililonse dziko ruffian.

Apa mbiri Russian "machimo" mwadzidzidzi "zisadzachitikenso". Pajatu anali ndi Stenka Razin ndi Pugachev, ndi Kazi-Mulla ... Anthu, monga kukopedwa ndi ludzu la chilungamo, modabwitsa kusintha, ufulu, azimai imathandizira kuenjezera bwino, ndipo ambiri sakumvetsa kwenikweni, ananyamuka ndi kupita pansi pa mbendera ya atsogoleri kwambiri, lzhetsarey, pretenders ndi wofuna. Anthu anali, monga ulamuliro, ambiri osiyanasiyana, koma kumapeto kwa aliyense "bacchanalia Russian" ayesedwe ambiri mbala amathawathawa, waulesi, mukhale chopondapo ndi chisokonezo. Si ofunika ndi kalekale cholinga choyambirira - kuwononga m'munsi mwa dongosolo akale ndi malo ake chilili ina. M'malo mwake, cholingachi achotsa, ndi mawu adzakhalapo mpaka mapeto - m'pofunika mwanjira wolungama chisokonezeko ndi mdima. Anandilola kumaliza looting ofanana zonse, ufulu wonse kwa malamulo onse, chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo. Pa dzanja limodzi anthu kuledzera ndi vinyo ndi magazi, koma ena - kumuweramira pamaso pa "anatsogolera," chifukwa lokhoza kusamvera aliyense anayenera kulangidwa ndi imfa istyazatelnoy. "Russian chisembwere" chimaposa mu lonse chirichonse pamaso zinachitika. Scale, "zopusa" ndi wapadera, wosayerekezeka ndi chilichonse akhungu, chakuthengo "nkhanza" pamene "m'manja dzanzi, kuletsa woyipayo - dzikolo zoipa zonse" - awa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ulimi Russian. Ndipo kamodzinso anatuluka mu kuchuluka yaikulu ...

Odessa, 1919

IA Bunin, "Wotembereredwa Masiku" - mwachidule mitu sikuthetsa kumeneko. Spring cha 1919, wolemba anasamukira ku Odessa. Kachiwiri, moyo wathu umakhala ndi chiyembekezo kopitirira kudzipatula mwadzidzidzi. Mu Moscow, ambiri akuyembekezera Germany, naively kukhulupirira kuti alowerere zochitika mkati mwa Russia ndi kumasula izo kwa Bolshevik mdima. Pano, Odessa, anthu nthawi zonse kuthamanga pa Nikolaev Boulevard - kaya, graying kutali French wowonongayo. Ngati inde - ndiye pali ena chitetezo, chiyembekezo, ndipo ngati si - mantha, chisokonezeko, wachabechabe, ndipo pamenepo lidzakhala mapeto.

M'mawa uliwonse umayamba ndi kuwerenga nyuzipepala. Iwo ali ozadzidwa ndi mphekesera ndi mabodza, izo amasonkhana mwakuti mukhoza suffocate, koma mvula kapena kuzizira - zonse zimene wolemba akuthamanga, amawononga ndalama zonse. Kuti St. Petersburg? Kodi mu Kiev? Denikin ndi Kolchak? Mafunso popanda mayankho. M'malo iwo - m'manyuzipepala akukuwa: "The Red Army patsogolo yekha! Ife akuguba pamodzi ndi kugonjetsa! "Kapena" Bwerani, wokondedwa, musati kuwerengera matupi! ", Ndipo pansipa iwo bata, wadongosolo pafupi, ngati izo ziyenera kukhala, kupita ku zolemba za osatha adani kuwombera ya Soviet Union kapena" machenjezo "za kwayandikirako mphamvu kulephera kwa dziko' wakuta wathunthu wa mafuta. Chabwino, kuyembekezeredwa zotsatira ... Mu mwezi umodzi, "ankachitira" chirichonse ndipo zonse, "palibe njanji, palibe trams, palibe madzi, palibe chakudya, zovala - kanthu"

M'tauni, kamodzi wotukuka ndi yosangalatsa ya mdima, koma mu malo kumene "nyumba", "Bolshevist mapanga." Kumeneko, pamwamba pa chandeliers losonyeza anamva kwakukulu balalaika, timaona pa makoma ndi mbendera wakuda, imene chigaza woyera ndi chiphiphiritso: "Imfa kuti bourgeoisie ndi! Koma kwambiri, osati usiku koma masana. Pa msewu zinafika pang'ono. Tauni sakhala, mzinda wonse yaikulu akukhala kunyumba. mpweya ladzala ndi kuganiza kuti dziko anagonjetsedwa ndi mtundu wina, ena apadera ", lomwe liri loyipitsitsa kwambiri kuposa kale mpaka pano. A kudzagonjetsa uyu pokhala mu misewu, akuimba accordion, kuvina, "Wobisa mphasa," amalavulira mbewu, malonda ku trays ndi pa nkhope, wogonjetsa, poyamba pa zonse, palibe chizolowezi, palibe kuphweka. Ndi kwathunthu zikuchepa chonyansa, mantha kupusa yake yoipa ndi kuononga onse moyo wake "Moody koma wokakamiza" Vuto zonse ndipo aliyense ...

"Wotembereredwa Masiku" Bunin mwachidule: Pomaliza

Mu masiku otsiriza a January 1920 I. A. Bunin ndi banja lake kuthawa Odessa. mapepala tsikulo anasowa. Choncho zolemba Odessa akuphedwa pa mfundo iyi ...

Pomaliza, nkhani yakuti "" Wotembereredwa Masiku "Bunin: chidule cha ntchito za" Ine ndikufuna kupereka zambiri, mawu ena a woyambitsa wa anthu Russian, amene, ngakhale mkwiyo, mkwiyo wake wolungama, wokondedwa ndi kulemekezedwa koposa muyeso, chifukwa anali inextricably zogwirizana ndi Mama wake - Russia . Iye anati mu Russia pali mitundu iwiri ya anthu: woyamba anali chogwidwa ndi Russia, ndi zina - Chud. Koma mu umodzi ndi lachiwiri pali chidwi, zina mantha changeability lokhala wosasangalala ndipo guises, otchedwa "unsteadiness". Mmenemo anthu ngati nkhuni, mukhoza kupita ndi chibonga, ndi fano. Izi zidalira pa zochitika ndi amene akusema mtengo: Emelka Pugachev kapena St. Sergio. I. A. Bunin ichi "mafano" anawona ndipo anasangalala. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti yekha naye. Koma palibe. Mkwiyo, chikondi ichi chinali, ndi kuvutika kwa malire zoipa ngati zimene zikuchitika panopa amazunza izo. Inu mukuona, ndipo inu simungakhoze kuchita kanthu.

Apanso ine ndikufuna kukukumbutsani kuti nkhani ankachitira zinthu ndi ntchito "" Wotembereredwa Masiku "Bunin. Chidule Sizingathe kusonyeza suoneka ndi kuya mmene wolemba, kotero kuwerenga zolemba nkhaniyo mu zonse n'kofunika.