Woyendetsa wotchuka mu dziko: Columbus, Magellan, kapena Bering?

Kodi mukufuna kuphunzira mmene dzina woyendetsa wotchuka mu dziko? munthu amene kukonda kuyenda ndi kumulakalaka atulukira zosaneneka namukweza kwa zaka ndi ndani? N'zovuta kufotokoza Zopatsa onse amene amagwa pa wogonjetsa wa nyanja ... nkhani ya amalinyero olimba mtima ndi mtima kale kukhala nzika za nthano nthano. Choncho ndani - wotchuka yapamadzi mu dziko? Popeza funso limeneli, tinene za m'maganizo, ndi kungoyankha kuti n'zosatheka. Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, tiyeni kukumbukira ochepa ofufuza odziwika a expanses madzi nthawi zonse.

Hristofor Kolumb

Mwina woyendetsa wotchuka mu dziko ndi Hristofor Kolumb, chifukwa iye anali anatulukira America. Kumbukirani kuti oyendetsa sitima zazikulu anali kupita kupeza waterway kwa India, komwe kunali kotheka kugula zonunkhira, koma apaulendo chiyani sakwanitsa kufika m'dziko la zonunkhira. Choncho anafika Bahamas, ngakhale osadziŵa zimene anazipanga, mwina anapeza kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma.

Ndiye Columbus ankaganiza kuti iye anapeza pang'ono chabe odziwika Asian chilumba. Chifukwa cha ulendo unali nambala yaikulu zatsopano anabweretsa ku Ulaya ndi ... dziko omveka.

Dzheyms Kuk

The chachiwiri wotchuka yapamadzi - James Cook anafika ulemerero zochepa. Kale ali mwana anafuna kukhala expanses ogonjetsa a nyanja, ndi chikhumbo chinali cholimba kuti, pokhala pafupifupi wachinyamata, iye anayamba kanyumba mnyamata pa sitima malasha. The mnyamata mofulumira anamva kuti patapita zaka ziwiri iye anatumizidwa ulendo wa. Mwalamulo, iye ankayenera kuti penyani mapulaneti, koma makamaka chikhumbo yapamadzi anali atulukira m'mayiko kum'mwera, limene, mogwirizana ndi mphekesera kuchita golide ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali.

Anakhala Cook oyambirira, omwe anali mwayi zokwanira kuwoloka Antarctic Circle ndi zombozi Antarctica. Komabe, woyendetsa sanapeze china kuposa ayezi, zimene zinachititsa kuti asiye lingaliro. Kenako, Cook anaganiza zopeza njira nyanja ku China, koma inatha mwachisoni kwa iye koposa chifukwa Columbus: ngati inu mukudziwa, anangopha mbadwa za Hawaii, kumene anakapezeka. Ndithudi, anali kuoneka wotchuka zinsinsi za yapamadzi lapansi.

Ferdinand Magellan

About chapaulendo ichi n'zothekanso kuti izi ndi woyendetsa wotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa iye anali wokhoza kutsimikizira kuti dziko lapansi n'lozungulira. Anaganiza kuti pozama chilikupita ku kulowera kumadzulo, ndi kubwerera kum'mawa. Pa ulendo wake anapeza gombe Atlantic la America South. Komanso, Iye anapatsa dzina la Pacific Ocean, monga kwa nthawi zonse, pamene chombo kudutsa madzi ake Sakadawachita kupirira mkuntho uliwonse.

Magellan anachita Sindingachite pa nthawi ulendo dziko, imene mamembala onse a timu anali kuvutika ndi njala komanso matenda koma anatha kupanga kusintha sayansi - kutsimikizira kuti dziko lapansi n'lozungulira.

Vitus Bering

Ili ndi dzina lina lofunika dziko la oyendetsa. Chidanishi wobadwa Russian amene alemba ntchito kapena wothandizira, wokhoza kuchita chidwi pa olemekezeka. Posakhalitsa, anapatsidwa kuphunzira Chukotka ndi Kamchatka. Bering anatha kupereka kwa chilengedwe cha mapu atsopano. Ndiyamika atulukira wake, zatsimikiziridwa kuti Kamchatka ndi Japan ali m'malire dziko palibe, monga America ndi Asia ndi osalumikidwa. Onse Bering kutsegula zinachititsa kuti Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna walola mwamantha Wamkulu kumpoto ulendo.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

"Munthu ndi Sitima" (kumbukirani, ndiye matanthauziro a n'kumupatsa khalidwe la Soviet zojambula postman Pechkin), mwina amalinyero wotchuka chiyambi Russian. Iye ndi lodziwika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti nawo ulendo wa maulendowa Russian. Iwo Kruzenshtern anatha kupereka pa Sakhalin mapu. Komanso, kuyenda panyanja anali mkulu wa ngalawa, anabwera dziko, imene iye anali wokhoza kuthana ndi chiseyeye kumwa mowa! Anaugula muyezo wa vinyo, ndipo aliyense analandira botolo tsiku kudzaza masitolo vitamini C.

Atabwerera ku ulendo wa Kruzenshtern anatha kulenga mapu amazipanga zolondola, limene iye anapereka osati kuti anthu Sakhalin, komanso otchedwa Stone msampha. Izi munthu kwa nthawi yaitali chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kuphunzira Pacific Ocean.

Woyendetsa wotchuka

N'zovuta kunena motsimikiza zimene pamwambapa amalinyero anapereka anganene kuti ndi lapadera kwambiri. Ndipotu, aliyense wa iwo apeza zinthu zofunika mbacita chopereka kwa sayansi, malo. Woyendetsa wotchuka chifukwa anthu ambiri - izo akadali Hristofor Kolumb chifukwa cha maulendo ake mukopedwe mbiri ya dziko. Koma ofufuza ena chilichonse pang'ono, ndipo ali oyenera tcheru pamene anthu kusintha dziko ndi kuwononga zopinga malo.