Yomanga buku la nyumbayi. Tanthauzo la nyumba buku

Yomanga buku la nyumbayi zikuphatikizapo kukula kwa mobisa ndi pamwambapa nthaka mbali ya mbewu. Kudziwa magawo subsurface anatengedwa kuchokera chizindikiro anasonyeza pansi zoyera pansi. Kenako, tione kuti ndi kumanga buku la nyumbayi amakhulupirira kuti mtengo uwu.

mwachidule

Ambiri mbuli mawu a kumanga anthu ambiri kusokoneza mfundo zina. Osati aliyense amadziwa chimene m'dera - zogona ndi ambiri. Osati aliyense amadziwa monga nyumba buku la nyumbayi. Nthawi zina, kuzindikira moyenera mawu kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri.

danga moyo

Mu nyumba ndi m'zipinda zogona, amaonekera ngati Uwerenge madera zipinda wamoyo. Pankhaniyi, anamanga-mu zovala si kuwerengedwa. Iwo saloledwa malo zipinda m'zipinda zogona ndi nyumba pa chapansi nthaka apansi wamoyo.

malo aakulu

Khalidwe limeneli ndi Uwerenge malo a maofesi onse. Pankhaniyi tili mu malingaliro ndi zofunikira, ndipo zipinda moyo, komanso zipata tisadwale, m'zipinda, hallways, zimbudzi, zimbudzi, zimbuzi yosungirako banja, bafa, mezzanine. Kuti m'zipinda zogona ku anapezazo ndi anawonjezera kuti dera maofesi zachipatala ndi malo a cholinga chikhalidwe ndi dera. The m'zipinda zogona ndi nyumba yotentha kutambasuka (masitepe, makonde, loggias) ndipo anaona pati ntchito payokha. Pa malo ambiri a nyumba si monga hallways, lobbies, pamalo lobbies, stairwells ndi lobbies.

malo ogwira

Miyezo anapangidwa ndi partitions munthu ndi pamalo khoma. Makulidwe niches wa 1.8 mamita mu msinkhu monga chipinda, kumene zili. N'chimodzimodzinso m'dera la pansi, chapansi pa makwerero ulendo mkati nyumba (Pamene mtunda pansi pa projecting dongosolo 1.6 mamita kapena kuposa). Osati n'komwe danga kulamulidwa ndi projecting mbali ndi zinthu Kutentha structural ng'anjo. Izo si danga m'dera mkati pakhomo.

Total m'dera la nyumba pagulu

The mawerengedwe zikuphatikizapo phindu linachokera kwa aliyense pansi. Pa malo ambiri monga kukula kwa mobisa ndi ziwalo pansi, okwera luso malo. magawo luso mbali mobisa la kumwamba ndi zosakwana 1.8 mamita m'munsimu chapansi, nthaka ndi simenti woyamba Komanso si n'komwe.

Yomanga buku la nyumbayi: phindu imatengedwa ngati mbali pamwamba-pansi

The mawerengedwe imagwiridwa ndi kuchulukitsa dera gawo yopingasa wa circumscription kunja kumanga malinga ndi pansi pamwambapa chapansi kwa kumwamba (zonse) yomanga. Mtengo yamasika chimaonekera padziko kumtunda kwa kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza pansi chapamwamba kuyeretsa pa pansi 1. Pamene lathyathyathya nyumba mu mawerengedwe a buku la yomanga nyumba ndi watenga chilemba avareji kumtunda kwa denga.

Mbali mobisa

Kodi kuwerengera buku la yomanga nyumbayi mu gawo mobisa izo? Pankhaniyi, chulutsa imagwiridwa miyeso kunja kwa yopingasa mtanda yachigawo mizere ya kumanga malinga ndi pansi pamwambapa m'munsi mwa mtunda mpandawo kuchokera woyera pansi 1 pansi m'munsi pansi mlingo kapena chapansi. Popeza makoma chapansi mbali mlengalenga buku nyumba yomanga anatsimikiza ponena za mizere kunja yomanga mogwirizana ndi mlingo wa kulowererana. Miyezo ikuchitika kutenga nkhani kakakulu pulasitala kapena akukumana wosanjikiza. Pamene kuwerengetsa m'dera mtanda yachigawo mu ndege yopingasa mwatsatanetsatane mapulani, yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda pamwamba pa mpanda ndi niches kuti alipo mwa iwo, sitidzatsogolera kuziganizira. Choncho, malinga ndi malamulo a masamu buku la yomanga nyumba. Chitsanzo cha chilinganizo magawo mobisa:

V3 = S3 X H1.

S3 - yachigawo m'dera mu chapansi yopingasa (chapansi) pa mtengo anayeza ndi mlingo wa pansi pamwambapa kapu ya. H1 - kutalika kwa pamwamba pa yomalizidwa pansi 1 pansi.

mfundo za nyumba

Nthawi zina m'pofunika kuwerengera buku la yomanga nyumba, chomwe ndi munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu. Iwo amasiyana mawu a zomangamanga kasinthidwe, kutalika. Pankhaniyi, mwachidule mabuku onse yomanga. Mwa kutsimikiza kutalika kwa mbali makamaka a dongosolo delimiting danga anatchula zone khoma, mmene kuzunguza mitu limafanana mu dongosolo kapena msinkhu. Pakuti chapamwamba pansi mu kuwerengetsera ntchito gawo ofukula pa akunja makoma circumscription kutumikira guardrail pa kutalika yomanga. Miyezo ikuchitika mpaka ndege chapamwamba kutentha chimateteza wosanjikiza zakuthupi kapena pansi chapamwamba (mu pakalibe chapamwamba) denga. Yomanga mabuku vestibules, Bay mazenera, verandas, loggia, tambirimbiri ndipo ndime anakafika (kupatula mfundo mapulani) zinthu nyumba, skylights ndi mzikiti oyenerera pamwamba pa denga ndege, aphatikizidwa chithunzi chonse. Osati n'komwe pamene kuyeza mtengo wa driveways, makumbi, makonde panja, danga tikukonza.

Voliyumu ya ntchito yomanga: onse mudziwe

kakyulasi imachitidwa ndi miyezo ya mu mtundu, kapangidwe kukula, anakhazikitsa dongosolo kulingalira. The mayunitsi wa muyeso imene mtima zili buku yomanga, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito magawo analandira mu mitengo woikidwiratu. Iwo apatsidwa mu magawo zogwirizana wa tehrazdelah snip. Ntchito yomanga tikulimbikitsidwa kuti imawunikidwa malinga ndi matchati muyezo, matebulo ndi zina zachidule. zinthuzi n'zotheka kuti muzione njira ndi ndondomeko ya kuwerengetsera. Potaya matebulo ntchito, zomwe kuganizira kulunjika ntchito. Yomanga ntchito zalembedwa mu ndondomeko yeniyeni. Muyenera kuyamba ndi maziko ndi chapansi makoma. Kenako, kuchuluka kwa yomanga. Payokha tikulimbikitsidwa kufufuza gawo mobisa nyumbayo, komanso m'madera omwe si zogona ndi zogona.

Njira za ndondomeko

Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, mawerengedwe a voliyumu zichitike kuti yeniyeni. Pa ndondomeko ayenera kutsatira ndondomeko izi:

• Familiarization ndi zipangizo ntchito ndi kuwayika iwo mu yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito m'njira zomveka.
• Development ndi yokonza njira tabular.
• Mundati matebulo wothandiza wa kuwerengetsera za zinthu lililonse, zigawo ndi nyumba.
• Yowerengera buku la ntchito ndi specifications ntchito.
• Lowunikira kwa zinthu structural ndi zimene si ataphimbidwa ndi mfundo za.

ayamikira

Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo yothandizira, mukhoza kwambiri atsogolere ntchito. tikulimbikitsidwa:

• Muzikonzekera tebulo wothandiza munali Ziwerengero kukonzekera lililonse ndi chosatha mbali structural mbali ya mlathowo mitundu ya ntchito.
• ntchito njira pazipita ndalama m'dera ndi mndandanda wa ntchito yaikulu ndi zinthu zomangamanga, magawo mtengo ndi kubisa wagawo mitengo.
• Kuwerenga m'njira imeneyi, zotsatira za ntchito yapita ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolo.
• ntchito pazipita likupezeka mu ntchito mbali ya mfundo mankhwala muyezo ndi madera (zothandiza, ambiri, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Boma yotchedwa Gazette mawu a ntchito yapachiweniweni nthawi zambiri amakhala kuwerengetsera kwa mitundu yeniyeni ntchito ndi zinthu structural. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti zinthuzi ndi boma magulu a atsogoleri sizikugwirizana ndi mzake.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri,

Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito, monga tanenera, ikuchitika mu SNP akonzedwa mayunitsi. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka monga mamita ³ ma PC., T, mamita ^2, ndi zina zotero. Tikumbukenso kuti mawu akuti "Akuti mabuku" amatanthauza ndalama iliyonse kuti ndife otsimikiza malinga ndi zojambula ndi ntchito ziyenera a mtengo woikidwiratu. Kakyulasi nthaŵi zambiri luso (Engineering). Kutsatira zotsatira zolondola analimbikitsa rechecking pafupifupi ndodo oyenerera.

Kapena zoduliratu konkire ndipo anatsindika nyumba konkire

Kulunjika ziyenera a kuchuluka kwa ntchito chipangizo awo imakhala chakuti mitengo wagawo kuganizira ya ntchito pa unsembe mbali kwaulere. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kafukufuku amapereka kwa maudindo awiri. The choyamba - kudziwa mtengo wa unsembe wa mtengo unit. The chachiwiri - kuwerengera ndalama kumanga pa mitengo panopa pa iwo. ndondomeko ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti nthawi zina, chizindikiro ndi mtengo wa chipiku adzakhala ndi magawo osiyana. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi mlingo wa makwerero unsembe yakwera dongosolo limodzi. Yogulitsa mtengo chomwecho - pa mita lalikulu ndi mita kiyubiki konkire. Zikatero m'pofunika kudziwa chiwerengero cha nyumba (mu zidutswa) ndi kuwerengera m'dera lawo. Chifukwa chochitika ichi ndi kompayila amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi zithunzi mokwanira amaimira mankhwala. Mu mapangidwe Ziwerengero msampha, monga ulamuliro, sachita. Mu milandu, motsogozedwa yekha ndi kapolo pa ndalama pafupifupi antchito. Choncho m'mbuyomu m'pofunika kupereka malongosoledwe zonse za nyumba ya masamu.

Mitembo ya nyumba

Ndi kapangidwe yonyamula katundu ku yomanga slab ndi kamodzi zinthu monga mizati, braces, zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso, matabwa ndi girders. Ngati kukula kwa malo allocated khoma, umatchedwa frameless. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Ziwerengero kwa yomanga yapachiweniweni gawo "Mafelemu" akusowa. Mtengo wa braces, zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso, matabwa ndi crossbars m'gulu la "zokutira" ndi "zimalowana" ndi mizati, akuima yekha - mu "Walls". Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yoika mitu ndi mizati analimbitsa simenti anatsimikiza katundu chidutswa. Precast konkire chimango ngati amodzi amachita mita kiyubiki konkire mlanduwo. Zolimbana nyumba zitsulo ndi pa matani 1 zipangizo kuwala - 100 mamita ^2. Ndalama kuika mapanelo konkire ndi mbale msonkhano mtundu, chophimba pansi komanso wakhama pa chidutswa 1 mankhwala.

chilinganizo zoyambirira

Kumanga nyumba ndi buku mchitidwe pansi chapamwamba (V1) anatsimikiza motere:

V1 = S1xH.

S1 - dera gawo yopingasa ntchito yomanga circumscription akunja pa 1 ku-. H - kutalika kwa gawo la yomalizidwa mlingo pansi opunthira oyamba pamwamba pa kudzazidwa pansi chapamwamba. chilinganizo lina:

V2 = S2 X L.

Izo zimatengera kuchuluka kwa nyumba nyumba popanda toyalana chapamwamba (V2). S2 ndi dera gawo ofukula inamangidwa ndi circumscription a mbali kunja kwa mpanda (pamwamba anamaliza pansi 1 ku-. Ndipo ndondomeko chapamwamba denga). L - phindu liwulo kutalika kwa nyumba pa nkhope kunja makoma mapeto pa mlingo wa pansi pamwambapa kapu ya. Ndipo choyamba choncho wachiwiri izo Kwaletsedwa ku mawerengedwe a mtengo wa kuyenda. Komabe, ndalama anawonjezera wa Bay mazenera, niches, loggias, makumbi, verandas, skylights. Pa nthawi yomweyo kukula kwa zipinda si anayesedwa (m'nyumba ndi panja), pakhonde. Ngati malo a mbewu zosiyanasiyana zosiyana nyumba loyamba anatsimikiza ndi buku munthu aliyense. Pambuyo mfundo ndi mwachidule.