Lolemera cruiser "zipsera Oygen": makhalidwe chachikulu. Prinz Eugen (1938)

Lolemera cruiser "zipsera Oygen" anali kunyada kwa mndandanda wa Nazi ku Germany. Iye ndi chida champhamvu pa nthawi ya nyanja anapanga ndi zofunika zonse mwamakono ndi mmodzi wa ntchito yabwino mwa Zombo Zankhondo za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Komabe, tsogolo la ngalawa iyi zinali zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Tiyeni tipeze chimene anali cruiser lolemera "zipsera Oygen" mikhalidwe yake yaikulu ndi mbiri kuimfa.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

German cruiser Prinz Eugen analengedwa mu theka lachiwiri la 30 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Kuti alenge izo analowa German doko la zombo zapanyanja Krupp Germaniawerft Henry mu November 1935. kampani chinakhazikitsidwa wazamalonda Lloyd oterewa mu 1867 mu Gaarden, pafupi Kiel, mu zaka zitatu pamaso pa zikamera wa ogwirizana German Ufumu mu ulamuliro wa Prussia. Poyamba kampani unkatchedwa "North-German kampani ya zomangamanga." Mu 1896 utapezeka mwa wina wa amalonda olemera mu Germany - Krupps banja. Doko la zombo zapanyanja opangidwa osati asilikali komanso anthu wamba sitima. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma, anadza ku malo wachiwiri mwa kundipatsako kwa ziwiya za German Imperial apanyanja. Pa World Choyamba kupereka asilikali ndi sitima zankhondo.

"Zipsera Oygen" amayenera kukhala sitima chachitatu cha pulogalamu German umene umatulutsa cruisers katundu wa "asilikali Hipper". Zino ali zombo ziwiri anawamasula - "asilikali Hipper" 1937 zomangamanga, pambuyo amene mzere lonse la zombo dzina lake, komanso "Blucher" momwemo chaka chitsanzo. Komanso, iwo anali kumangidwa cruisers awiri zambiri - ". Seidlitz" "Lützow" ndipo Koma iwo sanali okonzeka kuti mapeto a nkhondo. Pamene yomanga "zipsera Oygen" analandira chizindikiro "J".

Yomanga inayamba mu April 1936 inatenga zaka pafupifupi ziwiri ndi theka. Ndizingati chuma German kuchuluka kwa Reichsmarks miliyoni 109. Yerekezerani mtengo wa "County" British chombo mtundu wofanana inali nthawi 2.5 ang'onoang'ono. Mu chimaliziro, cruiser lolemera "zipsera Oygen" unayambitsidwa mu August 1938, koma pa kutsirizitsa kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu mkati onse ndi zida zina zofunika kwa zaka ziwiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, cruiser potsiriza unayamba kugwira ntchito pa German Navy mpaka August 1940.

dzina cruiser

dzina German lolemera cruiser "zipsera Oygen" anali wolemekezeka wa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa boma ku Austria wa Habsburg achilendo zaka XVII-XVIII, Prince Evgeniya Savoyskogo. Ngakhale kuti anali mmodzi wa chigamulo Italy mu kubadwa ang'onoang'ono Duke ndipo anabadwira ku Paris, koma ambiri mwa ntchito zake kwambiri, makamaka zimene kupambana nkhondo ya Spanish Kusinthana ndi kampani Turkey, akhala ncho mu utumiki wa korona Austria. Mwa kupambana wake wamkulu monga mkulu zotsatirazi nkhondo: nkhondo ya Szente (1697), ndi chinyezimiro cha kuzinga Turin (1706), Nkhondo ya Malplaquet (1709), kudya Belgrade (1717).

Monga mu 1938, panali Anschluss (analanda dziko) a Austria ndi Germany. Inali kuperekedwa mabodzawo lopondereza wa kukumananso wa fuko. Pofuna Zimaonetsa umodzi wa Germany ndi Austria, anaganiza dzina chombo latsopano polemekeza lopambana Austria mkulu. Ulemerero Evgeniya Savoyskogo anali kukhala malodza ya chigonjetso cruiser. Choncho sitima Prinz Eugen kuchokera 1938 alitcha dzina.

makhalidwe luso

anali cruiser lolemera "zipsera Oygen" mawu luso chiyani?

M'litali anali 199,5 mamita ndi zida muyezo, ndipo 207,7 mamita pa zonse. Kusamutsidwa chombocho chinali 14 506 mamita ndi muyezo tooling, ndi 19.042 mamita - zonse. M'lifupi mwa sitimayo -. 21,7 mamita pazipita cruiser liwiro anafika mfundo 32, amene anali wofanana ndi 59,3 km / h. The munkalowa atatu turbines nthunzi ndipo boilers khumi chombo - 132.000 ndiyamphamvu, kapena 97 MW. Choyesera Prinz Eugen chotengera ranged kwa 5,9 kwa 7.2 m. Kufulumira 16 mfundo cruiser akanakhoza kupanga yosayima kusambira pa mtunda wa 6.8 zikwi. Miles. Adalira anamaliza ku timu pa anthu 1400-1600, chimene chinali ndithu kwambiri kwa kalasi chotengera.

zida makulidwe pa nsanja kufika mamilimita 160. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anali thinnest pa sitimayo - 30 mm, ndi pa matabwa - 40 mm. zida makulidwe pa traverses ndi Barbet anali ofanana 80 mm.

"Zipsera Oygen" anali okonzeka ndi masiku ambiri pa nthawi ya zipangizo zamagetsi, khalidwe lomwe akhoza kudzitama, osati Zombo Zankhondo onse m'dziko. Makamaka zikanadziwika kudziwika zikutanthauza kupeza mdani panyanja, kumwamba, ndi pansi pa madzi. M'sitimayo anali ngakhale analogi kompyuta. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zamagetsi ndipo nthawi zina ankaimba nthabwala zoipa ndi cruiser, monga umisiri ali akadali ndi zolephera zingapo, ndipo ena amanena "yaiwisi." Koma ngakhale zinali choncho, njira kudzaza chombo anali Palibenso Europe.

zida

Nkhondowo mphamvu sipanatenge mfundo amphamvu a sitima Prinz Eugen. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, vuto limeneli anali kulipidwa ndi kuthekera Zipangizo kulamulira moto poyerekeza ndi chotengera china ndi kupezeka kwa njira zamakono za kudziwika mdani.

Armament chombo munali zida zankhondo zipolopolo eyiti likungosonyeza 203 mm, khumi ndi chilengedwe odana ndege mfuti zida zankhondo likungosonyeza 105 mm, mfuti zisanu ndi chimodzi basi likungosonyeza 37 mm, khumi - 20 mm. Komanso, cruiser anali machubu oponya anayi likungosonyeza 533 mamilimita yolimbanirana ndi torpedoes 12. Air Gulu inkakhala ndi Launcher pneumatic ndi seaplanes anayi reconnaissance.

Nkhondo yoyamba

Ubatizo wa moto ngalawa "zipsera Oygen" anali pankhondo nyanja, lomwe linadzadziŵika nkhondo mu Denmark Khwalala.

chombo choyamba anapita nyanja mu May 1941. Iye anali limodzi ndi owononga awiri, komanso pali mavuto angapo proryvateley. Posakhalitsa, "zipsera Oygen" anagwirizana ndi Sitima ina yotchuka ya nkhondo yachiwiri - ndi nkhondo "Bismarck". ulendo wawo limodzi kudzera ku Denmark Khwalala.

Kayendedwe ka makhoti German kuti oletsedwa zombo British. May 24, 1941 panali nkhondo pakati pawo. zombo zingapo British anawonongedwa mu nkhondo, nkhondo "Bismarck" chawonongeka, kudula mwa chipata Prinz akanatha Eugen. chombo adatuluka kumka ku Nyanja North. Komabe, zifukwa zingapo ndalama adani a zombo wamalonda mdani analephera. Mu June 1941, patapita ulendo iwiri, ndi cruiser anafika kudoko la Brest, olamulidwa mphamvu Wehrmacht.

Bwererani ku Germany

Koma Brest "zipsera Oygen" ndi zombo zina German nthawi zonse pansi kuopsa chiwonongeko chifukwa mabomba nthawi ya British. Mu February 1942, anaganiza zobwerera ku cruiser ndi Nkhondo "Gneisenau" ndi "Sharnhost" mu madoko German. Chochitika ichi ndi kugumula kuti kugombe kwawo ankatchedwa "Opaleshoni Cerberus."

Ngakhale kuti pa kubwerera kunyumba anaukiridwa mobwerezabwereza cruiser ndege ndi mdani zombo, iye anatha masiku atatu chosakwanira kuwafika pakamwa pa Elbe Mtsinje. ntchito akhoza ankaona bwinobwino. Zinali n'kale lonse ndi kufika anagumula English Channel, panali olambira a British Air Force ndi Bulu. The yojambula m'pamene chigonjetso khalidwe la Germany ndi kulimbikitsidwa ndi mzimu wawo. Ngakhale yojambula njira mu kutaya kwa Germany pa zinthu nyanja zisanachitikepo.

Mu madzi Baltic Sea

Siteji yotsatira "Kalonga Eugen" zochitika afanizidwanso ndi m'madzi a Nyanja Baltic, komwe posakhalitsa otayika.

Inu sindingathe kupemphera nthawi imeneyi mbiri ya cruisers ulemerero. Ndipotu, pa nthawi ino iye anali gunboats lalikulu la Baltic, ngakhale, ndithudi, izo sizinali kopita pachiyambi. Makamaka "zipsera Oygen" opangidwa shelling gombe anagonjetsedwa ndi mdani. Ngakhale anayenera moto gombe yake ndi m'munsi. Mwachitsanzo, zimene zinachitika pamene Red Army anayandikira Gotenhafenu. Ndiye kuukira anavutika ndi ngakhale pafupi Danzig (lero Gdańsk ku Poland). Mu nthawi yomweyo linakhalapo, ndi cruiser anapita kukathira nkhondo gombe la Norway.

Izo zinachitika kuti iye ndi absurdities. Choncho, "zipsera Oygen" rammed angochoka wa doko German cruiser "Leipzig".

Mu April 1945, "zipsera Oygen" anatumidwa ku likulu la Denmark - Copenhagen. Uko iye anakhala mpaka kusaina agonje German.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Ngakhale kuti boma la Germany anali ndi chikhulupiriro chonse mkulu kwa cruiser "zipsera Oygen" kulungamitsa sitima sanali fated. chombo chinali choti nkhondo ya Atlantic ndi US ndi UK zombo, koma nthawi zambiri iye anapita monga gunboat mu nyanja ya Baltic. Makamaka zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti Germany chiyani sakwanitsa kuti asanene nkhondo ogwirizana kwambiri pa nyanja. Kriegsmarine (Navy ya ulamuliro wa Hitler) ndi bwino wolephera mphamvu ya bulu British, wagwira molimba ankatanthauza nyanja European.

Komanso, pa mapeto a nkhondo kunapezeka kuti "zipsera Oygen" sanathe kumira wina zombo mdani. Ngakhale anavulala imodzi ofunkha, ndi UK ndi kukagogoda za ndege dazeni mdani. Koma icho chiyenera kukhala m'pomveka kunena kuti mdani sanathe kumulipira zina zinawonongeka kwambiri. Koma kumapeto kwa nkhondo zida cruiser inatha. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zipolopolo 8 inchi mfuti likungosonyeza Germany idaleka kutulutsa zambiri mu 1942. 203 mamilimita likungosonyeza projectiles, ndiwo waukulu pa bolodi cruisers pali zosakwana makumi anayi.

Tikhoza kunena kuti zochita za "Prince Eugen" mu nyanja ya Baltic, kumene anakakhala koposa nkhani yake yochepa shuttled, anali kwambiri ngati kuwombera mpheta ndi Cannon a. Lolemera cruiser kukula ichi ndi zipangizo luso anali zodula ntchito kuti akutumikira monga "gunboats wamkulu mwa nyanja ya Baltic." Koma chintchito chachikulu cha chombo chidafika mkudza, pambuyo anamaliza nkhondo. Pa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Monga mbali ya Navy US

Pambuyo agonje kwa Germany mu May 1945, "zipsera Oygen" anaperekedwa kwa United States malinga ndi mapangano a Potsdam. Mu January 1946 iye anasamutsidwa kuti Bremen ndi kulumikiza US Navy. Komabe, pamene analandira udindo wa sanali nkhondowo chotengera, koma chiyesedwe cha sitimayo. Lamulo la cruiser ndi kunditumiza ku Captain 1 Udindo A. Graubartu kuti, ngakhale kuti nzika American, anali mitundu German.

Posachedwa cruiser anayenda panyanja transatlantic, imene unasamutsidwa Bremen kumzinda American wa Boston. Ku doko la Pamudzi ndi "zipsera Oygen" anali mosamala. Naye izo yotsitsa pa gombe zipangizo zonse, kuphatikizapo zida. Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchito, anaganiza kutumiza chombo pa bikini chilumba ngati chandamale zoti ziyesedwe zida za nyukiliya.

Mu March, pa cruiser tidapita ku Boston kwa kulanda madzi mu Pacific Ocean, amene anabwera kudzera ku Panama Canal. Ndiye Pacific madzi inaima ku San Diego, California. Zitatero, "zipsera Oygen" walunjika Hawaii. Mu zoyambirira za May, anakwanitsa m'munsi American pa zilumba - Pearl Harbor. Mu June 1946, iye anafika pa bikini chilumba - kopita komaliza.

mayeso nyukiliya

Imfa ngalawa "zipsera Oygen" Kodi zotsatira za mayeso ndi United States zida za nyukiliya pa bikini chilumba. Mabomba zinalengedwa July 1, 1946. Kuwonjezera pa cruiser "zipsera Oygen" Iwo anali nawo Zombo Zankhondo zina za dziko, mu mpikisano makamaka ndi amene anapuma pantchito zombo US.

Woyamba nyukiliya nkhonya mpweya pa cruiser lapansi. M'chizimezime illumined ndi glare owala, zinamveka mantha phokoso mphamvu. Pamene panayambira cha kuphulika kwa bomba la nyukiliya yagwera pa zingwe 8-10 m'madzi. Aliyense ankaganiza kuti chombo zokula kuti shreds. Koma ngakhale zoyembezereka za kuwonongeka cruiser anali zonyozeka. Ndipotu, inkakhala okha kwathunthu wang'ambidwa mbali ya utoto.

Zotsatirazi ndi kuphulika kwa warhead nyukiliya anapangidwa pansi madzi. nthawi iyi kuwonongeka anali zofunika kwambiri. mapepala khungu amayengeramo mu cruiser ndipo anali ikudontha, koma anamiza napatsa Bank. kukana izi kwa chombo German unawonongedwa ndi America. Iwo anapanga inawonongedwa pa mabomba pamwambapa. Tsopano "zipsera Oygen" anali towed kwa chilumba Kuazlen ankayembekezera mayesero m'tsogolo.

Koma, mwatsoka, ndi alumikizana anali kwambiri radioactively zakhudzana. Choncho cruiser anaganiza koma kuti kuwononga. Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo kuphulika lachitatu chombo anakhalabe wolimba. osefukira wake zinachitika pang'onopang'ono, pamene gawo lina anasefukira pambuyo ena. Pomaliza, mu masiku 20 December 1946 mapampu sanathe kulimbana ndi madzi lilinkudza. chombo anapereka n'kubwerera, ndi mawindo anali pansi pa nyanja. Usilikali US, ngakhale anafuna kuti apulumutse sitimayo, koma izo zinali mochedwa kwambiri, cruiser kumizidwa pafupi chilumba Kuazlen, kusiya pamwamba pa muyezo wa. Mu malo a mtembo wake ali pansi pa nyanja lero.

Ndithu zodabwitsa chombo kukana. Koma pali mafunso ena. Kodi ngati cruiser sanali chandamale cha mabomba a nyukiliya, koma adzakhala gulu kuti akumenyana moyo wa ngalawa, kungokonza mbali zowonongeka mabowo, kuthandiza kutulutsa mapampu madzi? N'zotheka kuti mu nkhani iyi ngakhale mabomba atatu sichingasunthe kumira ndi "zipsera Oygen".

Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, sitima, yomwe inamangidwa ndi Germany poopseza America ndi anzawo, anagwirizana unwitting mu chiyesedwe cha zida wamphamvu mu dziko, kuti akatumikire monga chizindikiro cha US lankhondo lamphamvu. Komabe, Achimereka tsopano anali yaikulu Woyesana. Pambuyo kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler, anali Soviet Union.

General makhalidwe m'chombo

The cruiser "zipsera Oygen" anali mu njira yake chombo wapadera. Ngati zonse cruisers tolotolo 'asilikali Hipper ", matani oposa 10 a kusamutsidwa chombocho, ngakhale kuti ndi chikhomo malire kwa zombo za kalasi monga zoletsa Washington ofotokoza. Koma Germany yokha waika yokha kuchuluka kwa chovomerezeka. Komabe, chifukwa kuwonjezeka tonnage chombo kugunda mofulumira ake ndi see.

Ngakhale cholinga choyambirira cha pomanga "mfundo Eugen" anali kulimbitsa zombo German mu nkhondo ya Atlantic, kwenikweni, iye cruised makamaka madzi a Nyanja Baltic kapena ambiri anali zisungika. chombo nawo nkhondo chimodzi chokha kwambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri, pachiyambi penipeni pa mbiri yake kumenyana - Nkhondo ya Denmark Khwalala. Pankhaniyi, pa nthawi yonse linakhalapo, ndi cruiser analephera kuononga chombo chilichonse mdani.

Komabe, ndi mdani sukanakhoza mu njira iliyonse kuwononga kwambiri kwa ngalawa "zipsera Oygen", ngakhale kuukira kunachitika, ndi m'nyanja ndi kuchokera kumwamba ndipo kuchokera pansi. Iye anakhala yekha German cruiser, zomwe zinasungidwa lonse pakutha ya nkhondo. Ngakhale zida za nyukiliya okha kachitatu akhoza zimazunzitsa titaniyamu izi mbanvu zonse. Ndiyeno, pamaso pa adalira pa bolodi, n'zotheka kuti nthawi zitatu ndi sichingasunthe.

Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri akhala akudzudzula kamangidwe ka cruiser ndi kumuyitana zosamveka. Chala anaikidwa shipbuilders kuti anali oti muli nazo zida kwathunthu galimoto, mosiyana zombo nthawi zambiri, ife osungitsidwa okha yovuta kwambiri ndipo tiyenera kusunga malo thanzi. "Zipsera Oygen" mokwanira oti muli nazo zida. M'madera ambiri a zida anali kwambiri woonda kuti kungakutetezeni koma nthawi yomweyo ndi yolemetsa zina galimoto kumachepetsa liwiro lake. Ngakhale bukhu makamaka mbali zofunika anali n'kakang'ono kuposa zipangizo zofanana za mdani. Koma kunapezeka, onse Buku la cruiser German zinali zokwanira kupirira bombardment angapo kuchokera kumwamba ndi nyanja, ndi ngakhale kutsutsa zida za nyukiliya. Kotero kuti mfundo kuphwanya onse ongolankhula nkhambakamwa otsutsa kuti nines lapansi.

Kwambiri malangizo amene anatenga ndiAmene wa "Prince Eugen" m'masiku athu ano. Mwachitsanzo, kutakasuka, Mipikisano tasking, zikhudze kuposa mphamvu ananyoza zamagetsi zofunika kulamulira, ntchito yapadera kudziwika mdani.

Koma ambiri, tisaiwale kuti cruiser "zipsera Oygen" akadali analephera wina wa ntchito yaikulu patsogolo pawo padziko lonse, chiwerengero cha mavuto cholinga ndi zotengera malingaliridwe. Mlandu izo zinali zolephera wamba dziko la Germany mu nyanja ya Atlantic, ndi revaluation wa Yesu wonena za cruiser lapansi. Iye sakanakhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zikuluzikulu mu Atlantic kapena ngakhale ungamuphe zina zinawonongeka kwambiri kuti zombo mdani.

Wina sangathe kunena kuti chombo analipira mtengo wake Reichsmarks miliyoni 109. Komabe, iye anatha kupita pansi mu zikomo mbiri olimba yake yapadera ndi chosasimbika pa mayesero nyukiliya wa asilikali American, amene anadabwa ngakhale kuti mwawathila kwambiri a asilikali ndi asayansi.