Zigawenga - ziri ... kudzipha zoponya mabomba. malamulo odana ndi uchigawenga

Mtolankhani wina Russian adafotokoza kuti uchigawenga - kudana: amapatsirana, munthu umunthu. Chirichonse chimene amatchedwa mfundo chikhalidwe, mapeto adakali anapempha munthu: kudzipha - ndi mdani wa anthu. Malingana ngati iwo ali padziko lapansi lino, palibe otetezeka, chifukwa chiwerengero cha uchigawenga ikukula tsiku lililonse pa liwiro yopambana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zochita za zigawenga awa paliponse masiku awiri kapena atatu mu dziko lapansi ndi kubweretsa zimenezi oletsedwa imfa.

Lingaliro la "uchigawenga"

Kumasulira kwa Latin akuti "uchigawenga" limatanthauza mantha. Pa mfundo imeneyi, pansi uchigawenga wa m'pofunika kumvetsa chodabwitsa chikhalidwe, zomwe cholinga kuopseza mdani ndi yimitsira ake mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, kuphatikizapo chiwonongeko thupi. Mbiri mantha kuti si deterrence, umunthu wake umaonekera zotsatira khalidwe ndiponso moyo. Zigawenga - munthu amene amachita zinthu zina umalimbana mwamantha ndi chiwawa. Nkhani ya nkhanza zimenezi zingakhale munthu, bungwe, gulu la anthu kapena odutsa chabe, amene si cholinga cha akuchita mchitidwe zigawenga, koma mu malo olakwika. Nthawi zambiri, anthu awa imakhudzana mbava ndi anthu, ulamuliro wa anthu kapena dongosolo anthu. Munthu (kapena gulu la anthu) amene amachita zoopsa zimenezi nthawi zambiri ndi cholinga cha kusokoneza zinthu mu dziko kapena mu deralo. Zigawenga - munthu amene akufuna kuchita mantha ndi kukayikira akuluakulu athamangisa anthu kuchitapo kanthu chosintha, motsogoleredwa kusankha akuluakulu a boma. Mantha ndi kusadziwa zinthu angachititse mliri wa nkhondo ndi dziko lina, nkhondo yapachiweniweni, chilakolako champhamvu ufulu wodzilamulira.

Zigawenga - si anthu chabe. zozizwitsa zosaloledwa kungachititse mabungwe lalikulu ndi magulu, kuphatikizapo ndalama ndi chithandizo cha mitundu yonse.

Mfundo yaikulu ya uchigawenga ndi zosaloledwa, kotero izo zikupanga angapo makhalidwe enieni:

• ntchito iyi imalimbikitsa chiopsezo chachikulu pokhala ndi cholinga mwachindunji kuchititsa imfa ya munthu, angapo kapena ambiri anthu.
• Ndi chibadidwe chikhalidwe cha kuphedwa onse. About kuchita zimenezi ziyenera kudziwika kwa anthu ambiri.
• Cholinga cha zochita oletsedwa ndi chilakolako mwachindunji kuti pazikhala imene ulamuliro wa mantha ndi nkhawa.
• Pamene mbava kanthu, zokhudza limodzi, cholinga azikopa pa ena onse.

Ngati ife tikufanizira maganizo "mantha" ndipo "uchigawenga", tinganene kuti mfundo yoyamba onse, chachikulu, amadwala kuwopsa kwa anthu ambiri.

Mayiko uchigawenga: nzika zake ndi phindu

Mayiko uchigawenga ukuperekedwa limati zina kapena zina bwalo la anthu. cholinga chake chachikulu ndicho lalikulu chisokonezo wa ntchito bwinobwino za boma, kukumba mtendere ubale wake ndi maiko ena. omumvera ake ali lonse dziko, nzika ya dziko linalake, maofesi anthu, ndondomeko kapena oimira. Mtundu wa uchigawenga lotchedwa Baibulo chuma nkhondo. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri: anthu akufa, kuchichepetsa chuma dziko ndi malo ake mu dziko, ndi chilichonse chimachitika ndi osachepera ndalama asilikali ndi nsembe ya amene kulinganiza ndi kuchita.

Zoyamba za mtundu uwu ndi banditry:

• asilikali onse zikutanthauza kuti achite mchitidwe zigawenga m'dera la mdani, amene anagula m'deralo.
• Amene kuchita zinthu zosokoneza, ali mu malo osiyana, mdani wa boma, amakhala ovuta kudziwa chifukwa ambiri a zigawenga wamoyo mwalamulo m'dziko anapatsidwa.
• The okonza zigawenga n'kovuta kupeza chifukwa china kuti yosamalira dongosolo la kasamalidwe network amene ali ovuta kufikako pamwamba.

The zipangizo waukulu la uchigawenga, ndi maiko zoweta, ndi kukwezedwa maganizo pa mdani, chifukwa okonza nthawi zonse bwino ndi ganizo-dongosolo, ndi zovuta kudziwa, nkhonya adzakhala chidwi m'tsogolo.

Mbiri ya uchigawenga

Ngati ife tifufuza zikamera la uchigawenga, tinganene kuti adawonekera kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuti ndi nthawi yaitali panali chiwawa ukuperekedwa munthu, ndi maganizo ofanana anatuluka yekha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. mawonetseredwe Ake, choyamba, monga ena a mbiri yakale, ndi zigawenga kayendedwe m'mayiko ena Latin American. Gulu la anthu pambuyo pa kuvunda kwa zigawenga kayendedwe m'mayikowa anayamba ntchito, Nditakhala ndi zochita pang'ono zotsutsana ndi boma, amene anafotokoza kuti "zigawenga m'tawuni". Mu 60s oyambirira ndi kanthu ofanana zinachitika mu ankhondo Israeli. Mu zaka zigawenga Palestina yakuwadzudzumisa zida za nkhondo, anaba ndege ndi anthu, kenako analiza iwo, anagwira magalimoto akapolo kapena wotanganidwa nyumba anthu, kupanga masewera cha anthu. Kwa zaka zambiri dziko wakhala analanda funde la uchigawenga, zachiwawa. M'zaka zimenezi, ife ayamba kusonyeza ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, pamene otchedwa Chitaliyana "Red Brigades", separratiskie gulu ETA ku Spain, Republican Army ku Ireland. Zigawenga mndandanda waukulu kwambiri. Kowopsa kwambiri kwa iwo ndi Osama bin akatundu, amene kunatha mu May oyambirira, 2011. nambala iyi zigawenga 1 wabweretsa kwambiri misozi ndi zoyipa mu dziko lino, kupha anthu ambiri. dzina lake amagwirizana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha upandu, mabomba ndi matenda. Iye ankafuna kuyambira 1998. The zina kudziwika zigawenga dzina lake: Ayman Al-Zawahiri, amene bungwe "Mwiguputo Chisilamu jehad," Adam Gadahn, Daniel Andreas San Diego, ndi ankati membala wa mabomba a nyumba ofesi ku United States, Ali Atwa, amene chinkhoswe mu mlengalenga kuberana kwazaluso, ndege kuphulika, akapolo kutenga, Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Kuso ndi ena ambiri.

mitundu ya uchigawenga

zodabwitsazi chikhalidwe zimagawidwa pa malo angapo. Ngati tikulingalira dera lawo, n'zotheka kudziwa mayiko ndi zoweta uchigawenga.

Malinga ndi cholinga cha zochita oletsedwa wa akutali ndale, chipembedzo ndi dziko.

The manageable kwambiri, molingana ndi azambiriyakale ambiri, ndi uchigawenga ndale. malangizo Aika chimaonetsedwa kusakhutira ndi andale zilipo kukonza mkati mwa dziko. Mtundu wa banditry adaonekera koyamba kwambiri. State matupi kwenikweni anaphunzira mokwanira kuthana ndi magulu amenewa. Iwo amene akhala mozungulira kwa zaka zambiri, ayamba adzafota: atsogoleri akuluakulu a magulu alipo akutumikira kale ziganizo, ndi mbadwo watsopano si yoopsa ndi mwaukadaulo. zochita Political la uchigawenga akhala m'malo okha, amatha kusonkhezera osati akuluakulu onse, komanso anthu onse.

National uchigawenga - kanthu izi oletsedwa wa gulu la anthu amene cholinga kukhazikitsa palokha zawo boma. Magulu amene mukufuna kulenga osiyana awo dongosolo boma, zida ndi kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zida kuti kuteteza ufulu wawo. Ndalama za uchigawenga, mu nkhani iyi amapezeka likuvutika limati zina, nyumba, anthu amene ali ndi chidwi kapena chilengedwe cha dongosolo latsopano ndale, kapena angatifooketsere lalikulu la dera azachuma kapena kuti alipo, amene kanthu achifwamba. Nthawi zambiri maziko ndalama si yekha achipani, komanso chuma. Pa atumwi wotsiriza chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa uchigawenga dziko ndi yolimbirana wa Kurds, kulimbikitsa chilengedwe cha boma latsopano la Kurdistan, umene unachitika pa malire a mayiko anayi okha: Iraq, Iran, Turkey ndi Syria.

Chitsanzo china ndicho kulimbana gulu la anthu mu South la France ndi Spain, otchedwa Chibasiki, amene anali wofunitsitsa kukhala kwathunthu palokha. Mu UK, zigawenga mtundu mayina a Ira - Irish asilikali - omwe mothandizidwa ndi zigawenga akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa boma palokha. mtundu wa chiwonetsero cha mtundu wa uchigawenga, malinga ndi gawo lina la anthu, ndi kulimbana ndi gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Ukraine mwayi kulenga feduro anu wagawo mkati boma lina. The view yoopsa kwambiri ya zodabwitsazi chikhalidwe ndi munthu chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo. otentheka achipembedzo ali okonzeka mosavuta kupereka miyoyo yawo kumenyera ufulu zolinga zawo. Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha mtundu wa uchigawenga ankaona kuti nkhondo ya Palestinians, zomwe zikuchitika ku Israel. Ponena za atsogoleri a magulu, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa aononga kale ndi Osama bin akatundu, amene anaika miyoyo yawo pa chilengedwe cha dziko lonse boma Chisilamu. Kuti munthu woopsa anatha kuphatikiza ambiri anthu amene alanda anthu osalakwa ena, kusonkhanitsa ndalama yaikulu ndalama kwa gulu la kulimbana zochokera kupulumutsidwa thumba "Al-Qaeda". Pansi zothandizira mipingo yawo ophunzitsidwa wake zoponya mabomba kudzipha, amene palibe wopatulika. Iwo ndi ogwirizana yekha ndi cholinga chimodzi.

kudzipha zoponya mabomba

Kudzipha zoponya mabomba chifukwa akatswiri maganizo maganizo. Pali zambiri njira kwa lingaliro ili. Katswiri wotchuka mu kuphunzira akamanena za uchigawenga A. Merari amakhulupirira kuti mfundo ambiri tanthauzo limeneli sakutero. Kulonga n'cigwagwa onse zoponya mabomba kudzipha sangakhale kukula wina kupsa onse. The yoponya mabomba zikhoza kukhala munthu wabwinobwino, koma mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina, makhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro ndi wokonzeka kupereka nsembe. Anthu zikugwira ntchito yokonza kulemba anthu usilikali zimenezi. Poyamba kupeza munthu ndi yoyenera maganizo chithunzi, ndiye ankamuzunza komanso kudyetsa pang'onopang'ono kuchita zinthu zina kuti achotse moyo wa osati yoponya mabomba kudzipha, koma anthu ambiri. Zonsezi, malingana ndi iwo, zachitika chifukwa cha cholinga chimodzi, nthawi zambiri ndi chipembedzo. Mu malo lachiwiri - utundu.

Kudzipha kukhala munthu amene ubongo chosokonezedwa ndi malingaliro dziko kapena chipembedzo. Ndi mtundu wa chida m'manja mwa atsogoleri a magulu a zigawenga amene, monga ulamuliro, sakuzindikira zolinga woona za machitidwe awo, ndi kukhulupirira chimene izo zimachita kwa ubwino wa anthu.

Katswiri wina amene amaphunzira akuti "kudzipha yoponya mabomba" Aarkus ali ndi maganizo osiyana. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chake, zoponya mabomba amadzipha mitundu iwiri. Yoyamba ndi chipembedzo kapena dziko otentheka, ndipo chachiwiri - zoponya mabomba yokumba amene mukopedwe chipembedzo kapena makhalidwe dziko angathe wodzipereka.

Koma Professor Ross ku University American, kuphunzira mbali maganizo a kanthu kudzipha, limanena kuti mapangidwe awo zinthu mosiyana, onse chikhalidwe ndi maganizo akunja. zinthu yabwino kwa kukula kwa uchigawenga akewo m'dziko makamaka, zina, chitukuko demokalase, kutengera za kudzipha, mwambo wa zoponya mabomba kudzipha, mantha sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale mu moyo ndi anthu, kupsa mtima mlandu anthu ena ndi zina zambiri.

mitundu ya uchigawenga

Mantha chodabwitsa ali mawonetseredwe zosiyanasiyana. iwo onse atengedwa mu nkhani pokonza malamulo wachifwamba. magawano analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a makonzedwe monga mbali ya kuchita ndi zigawenga - osakaniza njira zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri wosanganiza mawonekedwe - mwachitsanzo, kulanda magalimoto ndi anthu. Pankhaniyi, pamodzi zochita zingapo: kulowetsa Anagwiranso ndi kulanda magalimoto.

Mmodzi wa ambiri ndi owopsa mtundu wa uchigawenga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachiwawa kuti kuwononga pazipita. Zida zigawenga ambiri osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zipangizo zachiwawa. Kungakhale chitoliro mabomba, ndi fakitale. Zifukwa kuti mbava ntchito zipangizo kuphulika, momveka bwino: chikalata malinga ndi kuwonongeka yaikulu. zipangizo amamwa musati amafuna ndalama kwambiri, kuwonjezera, n'zotheka ntchito kasamalidwe kutali, amene kumawonjezera mlingo wa chitetezo zigawenga okha.

The chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri maonekedwe ndi hijacking ndege, sitima kapena zina modes zoyendera kuphatikizapo njanji. fomu iyi kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi kuphulika kwa galimoto kubedwa, choncho kumabweretsa imfa ya anthu ambiri, makamaka ngati magalimoto analanda akhoza kumakhalamo okwera ambiri.

mawonekedwe uchigawenga, monga zinthu zimene tichipeza magawo angapo: woyamba wa zonse, kulanda ndi wotsatira hijacking. Atilanda anaitana katswiri zoyendera mwa nkhanza. Zigawenga - chigawenga amene amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati adalira sitima kapena ndege ndi m'basimo. Kwenikweni, pambuyo adani zoyendera (m'chombo) zigawenga kusintha njira ya kayendedwe, kusankha malangizo ake.

Zigaŵenga kutenga imatengedwa mawonekedwe lachitatu la uchigawenga, ngakhale mchitidwewo ali pamodzi ndi mitundu ina. chiphunzitso akapolo anaitana anthu amene mokakamiza unachitikira mu malo makamaka monga chitsimikizo cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofuna za boma kapena ena anthu zigawenga. Kulowetsa Anagwiranso monga mawonekedwe a mtundu umenewu banditry, deta cholinga ali motere:

• Kufuna adani tanthauzo zolinga kanthu;
• kufufuza amathandiza;
• kupeza njira zofunika kukwaniritsa cholinga;
• tanthauzo la malo kulanda, kuphunzira kupezeka kwa chitetezo, zikutanthauza kulankhulana pakati pa alonda, nthawi ndi malangizo a gulu;
• kutumidwa zochita, zomwe cholinga ndi kulanda ndi posungira oletsedwa a anthu;
• ndi imposition zofuna;
• Zokambirana zigawenga.

Ndithu mawonekedwe lalikulu la uchigawenga maganizo, zomwe ndi chiwawa khalidwe anthu. Izi ndi akuyendeni pansi maganizo, kugwiritsa ntchito chida zakupha kapena chiwawa.

Masiku ano anthu ambiri, panali cyberterrorism, ndilo vuto dala mfundo wachifwamba, amene kukonzedwa ndi hardware kompyuta kapena mapulogalamu, ndipo n'kofunika kuti anthu kapena boma. mawonekedwe Izi zikhoza kukhala zoipa ndi thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu.

The vuto la uchigawenga mu dziko

Nkhani imeneyi kukhala apakhungu kwambiri m'zaka za posachedwapa. News ukungosefukira ndi mfundo za zigawenga. Kuona kuti zigawenga onse a dziko ayamba mwakhama ntchito kufunafuna zolinga za ndale, fuko kapena chipembedzo. Akatswiri amanena chifukwa chachikulu cha ntchito za mabungwe awa ndi vutolo nthawi mu Europe ndi ku dziko. ntchito iliyonse zigawenga kungachititse kuti chiwonongeko cha boma. operatives zigawenga analanda dera lonse, kuwombera pansi ndege ndi kuchita zinthu zina chowopsya. Lives kukhala chida kukwaniritsa zolinga dziko kapena chipembedzo.

Vuto uchigawenga mu Russia

Mu Russia, nkhani ya uchigawenga ali zambiri danga uthenga tsiku. uchigawenga mu Russia zinachitika yomweyo pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR, mu 1994-1995, iwo sanaleke ndipo kenako. Chochitika wofuna zisakuyenda latsopano la Russia anali kuyima lowopsya la Beslan ku North Ossetia, komwe ana anakhudzidwa. Zigawenga - anthu amene alibe makhalidwe, iwo encroached pa miyoyo ya ana. The sukulu, omwe nkhondo zigawenga, September 1, 2004, onse, panali pafupifupi 1,200 anthu anaphedwa mu masiku atatu mantha - 326. Malinga ndi kufufuza a misonkhano yapadera, kuphatikizapo kanthu yoopsa amatenga anthu 32, 31 amene anaphedwa pa kumasulidwa kwa anthu. Kukhala apo panali mmodzi wa achifwamba yekha. Kodi ndikukumbukira za Nord-OST, likulu la Palace la Chikhalidwe, amene anali ncho ndi zigawenga, pamodzi ndi oonera 700 ndi maofesi ndodo. Zigawenga inachitika akapolo kwa masiku atatu, maganizo ponyoza abale osauka. Iwo inatha mchitidwe wa mphepo, lomwe ndi Baibulo boma inayamba Izinso anayamba kuwombera anthu. Pankhondoyi motsutsana zigawenga apolisi chipolowe anachita mwaukadaulo, koma amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wakupha. Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri osalakwa adamwalira ndi zotsatira zake.

vuto linanso chigawenga Russia lero ndi Arab Wahhabis. gulu akuchita uchigawenga achipembedzo akhoza anakhudzidwa ndi Russia. Zigawenga, zithunzi zomwe ziri pa file ndi misonkhano ya mayiko ndi Russian nkhani imeneyi, mukhonza kukhala pakati pathu, komanso kuti dongosolo la mirandu yawo.

Njira yochitira ndi zigawenga

Pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga, kunena zinthu kwambiri. Choyamba, ine ndikufuna kunena za zimene akuluakulu akumenyana mwachindunji mu magulu Russian chigawenga kapena zigawenga payekha. Main womenya ankaona Federal Security Service la Chitaganya cha Russia. Kuwonjezera utumiki uwu, m'madipatimenti kuti kulimbana uchigawenga mu Utumiki Mkati, ndi okhonda Intelligence Service, ndi Federal Alonda Service la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi Russian silikhali Utumiki.

Mu Russia, analenga mayunitsi odana ndi uchigawenga, la akuluakulu ndi gulu "Alpha" ndi "Vympel". Komanso mabungwe a chitetezo, amene akumenyana ndi uchigawenga, ndi okhazikika ndi ankhondo, pansi pa Unduna wa za M'dziko (gulu "Vega"), ndi mabungwe yazamalamulo.

Mantha zitha kupewedwa mwa khama anzake a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, amene anatsekula njira waukulu vuto. M'pofunika kukhazikitsa njira mabuku kuti kulimbana zodabwitsazi ndi osati amadza malamulo ndi chitetezo, komanso chizindikiritso cha zifukwa zazikulu pakuwonekera kwake. Chofunika - musati muziyang'anira zifukwa uchigawenga, kuti muchigawane mu chabwino ndi choipa. M'pofunika kuti amenyane aliyense maonekedwe ake. Pa mlingo malamulo m'mayiko onse ayenera kulimbitsa udindo milandu kuchita mantha. Lamulo pa kulimbana uchigawenga ndi malamulo chigawenga ayenera omangika kwa oyamba kuphedwa.

Malamulo zimene zimachititsa polimbana uchigawenga

polimbana ndi uchigawenga mu Russia amathandiza Chilamulo "Pa Kuthetsa Terrorism" anavomera mu March 2006. Lamulo inakhazikitsa mfundo za kulimbana, zachitika njira zosiyanasiyana za kupewa.