Zimayambitsa ziphuphu. lamulo Russian chivundi

Mu Russia, ndi yogwira mfundo odana ndi ziphuphu wakhala akuyendera zisakuyenda bwino. ndi muyezo wa nchito zake chiyani? magwero malamulo anatengera latsopano la Russia ncholinga Kodi kulimbana ndi ziphuphu? Monga ofufuza masiku ano kumvetsetsa zoona, chikhalidwe cha zodabwitsazi?

katangale ndi chiyani?

Corruption, mogwirizana ndi tanthauzo wamba, chinthu chikhalidwe, kusonyeza zimene akuluakulu ndi anthu ena mwayi mu chimango zitsanzo ndi muyezo mlingo wa malamulo, mfundo makampani ndi maziko onse, monga ulamuliro, kuchititsa kuwonongeka chuma, makampani boma ndi anthu. Lingaliro la chivundi, motero ali ndi chikhalidwe ambiri a zachuma. Munthu wozengereza zochita za mtundu mu funso zambiri chidwi kupeza phindu.

kutanthauzira lonse

Malinga ndi tanthauzo anatengedwa ndi bungwe Transparency International, amene ntchito kwambiri za maphunziro a zochitika chivundi, ankaona ntchito amamvedwa monga nkhanza za ndalama anadalira - zambiri zamphamvu, zinthu payekha. An chiphunzitso chidwi muli Russian Chilamulo Federal "Pa Kuthetsa Corruption". Akuti chodabwitsa mu funso - ndi nkhanza za udindo ziphuphu, ziphuphu malonda ndi mitundu ina ya ntchito mopanda chilolezo kwa nzika za udindo wake boma ndi zofuna za chikhalidwe ndi maulamuliro kuti tipindule. Chilamulo ziphuphu, chotero penapake zambiri kutanthauzira mawu akuti mu buku la Ti a, complementing ndi chakuti mtundu yoyenera kuchita oletsedwa angathe kuchitidwa osati mphamvu, komanso malonda.

Zikuwoneka tanthauzo losiyana la chivundi amawatenga UN, ndi mawu mwachilungamo ambiri. Malinga ndi zikalata za UN, katangale ndi kuwamva monga chodabwitsa kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi chuma chikhalidwe, pano mu maiko onse. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti ngakhale nkhani za panganoli UN ndi Corruption, tanthauzo enieni chodabwitsa si. Ngakhale, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, pali mfundo zina - chikhalidwe ndi zimayambitsa ziphuphu ndi zina mosalekeza kuti ngakhale pa mlingo wa mmodzi wa mabungwe yaikulu padziko lonse sizimatanthauza kuyang'ana kwa tanthauzo wamba chodabwitsa lapansi. Mu dziko lirilonse la dziko pangakhale precedents kuti kulola kuti limasuliridwe mosapatuka mfundo zimene zingakhale yosiyana kwambiri kwa iwo anatengera limati zina. Choncho, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira, kumvetsa wamba mavuto m'dera dziko, kuoneka zomwe zimabweretsa ziphuphu mayiko kungavute. Ndipo onse chifukwa palibe malamulo kupeza anthu ambiri kuti mankhwalawa zodabwitsazi.

chivundi Nature

Poganizira ganizo la chivundi, ife tikufufuza masomphenya zimayambitsa zodabwitsazi, amene angapezeke mu chilengedwe kafukufuku. Pali Mwachitsanzo, chikhalidwe cha chiphunzitso zachuma. Mwa anthu - ndi nkhani yolembedwa za malumikizanidwe wa phindu ndi ndalama chifukwa cha zinthu zina zolimbitsa. Pankhaniyi - chivundi. Munthu ndi gwero zina, utsogoleri Mwachitsanzo akudzipereka kuchita popanda chilolezo, podziwa kuti pali mavuto, koma nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira kuti amayenera athandize iwo ayenera zoperewerazo. Ngati Zikatero, nzika za wosachita kunja kuchita chilichonse cha ziphuphu ndipo adzapitiriza mu mode yachibadwa kuchita ntchito, zokonda ndi mlingo wa wosangalala ntchito yake idzakhala kwambiri poyerekeza chilango ngakhale mtengo uli anakhumudwitsa pansi nkhani choyamba.

Zimayambitsa ziphuphu, ofufuza ena akhala kugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe chitsanzo khalidwe, ozikidwa pa chinthu chotenga zokonda likuvutika lendi. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? chakuti pa kuphedwa kwa ntchito yake ndi munthu amene ali, ndi kulankhula pa ofesi ntchitoyi, kuzindikira kuti manja ake ndi vuto lililonse nthawi zambiri, chida akupeza phindu la pa m'zigawo chifukwa udindo wake boma. Chinthu ichi, akatswiri kunena, mwina chifukwa cha ntchito chivundi ngakhale chozama kupitirira mu sewero loyamba la chilengedwe chuma zochita oletsedwa. Popeza mavuto ambiri anthu kusankhapo atakhala "lendi" amatanthauza mavuto ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe a chivundi mkati, akatswiri amakhulupirira zikhoza kwakukulukulu anafotokoza ndi kukopa wa chinthu ichi.

Pali nkhani yolembedwa kuti limafotokoza chodabwitsa pansi kuphunzira mawu a vutoli, mabungwe ndi anthu onse maka- mu boma. Zimayambitsa ziphuphu kuyambitsa ntchito inefficient a boma ndi malonda. Ndiko Mwachitsanzo, nzika za kumakhala kosavuta kuthetsa nkhani inayake (kugwirizana pa chikalata, kuyitanitsa mankhwala kapena utumiki), anyalanyaza ndi njira anakhazikitsa enshrined malamulo kapena mapangano m'makalata. Pa nduna kapena wantchito wa kampaniyo, udindo njira chikalata azikondedwa kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala kapena misonkhano, kawirikawiri akuvomera atsogolere mwamwayi adiresi nkhani kwaulere. Ndipo chifukwa, mwanjira ina, wobwezera violator ya malamulo ndi malangizo kwa moyo wa boma, malonda ndi anthu.

Chifukwa chibvundi Russia

Malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi chimodzimodzi Transparency International, mu dziko lathu mlingo wa kuzindikira pagulu chodabwitsa adakali mkulu. udindo RF mu mlingo ziwalo, analemba gulu pansipa malo zana. Tikumbukenso - za malumikizanidwe mmene chivundi likuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ndi zimene mlingo wake weniweni mu Russia, akatswiri mwakhama kutsutsana. Ndiko kuti, mwina kungakhale kotero kuti pamene kusintha n'zotheka njira za kuphunzira Russian Federation mavoti adzakhala kwabasi kundiposa. Koma pang'ono kukangana ndi chakuti, monga katangale awonongedwa mu Russia, monga dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale anthu amene ali kutsogolera masanjidwe, analemba ndi Ti ndi mabungwe ena.

ndi zimayambitsa ziphuphu ku Russia chiyani? Akatswiri ena amaona kuti akawerenge onse atatu anafuulira pamwamba nkhani yolembedwa kumufotokozera za zodabwitsazi, ndi kuti dziko lathu. Komanso, akatswiri amanena, pali zinthu zina chibvundi Russia - makamaka khalidwe la dziko. Tiyeni tione iwo.

Malinga ndi limodzi la mabaibulo ambiri zimayambitsa akuononga dziko lathu amapezeka miyambo anatengera anthu, komanso ngati mfundo za chitukuko ndale ndi umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko.

Mfundo kuti kuyambira kale, Russia - Dziko limene bungwe la chilamulo mu mawonekedwe umene anatengera m'mayiko Western kwa nthawi yaitali si anazindikira mwa nzika. anthu Russian anakonda kukhala wachilungamo, osati malinga ndi malamulo olembedwa. Mu nkhani kwambiri - bwalo anavomera. Koma osati pa pepala zooneka ngati makalata a malamulo. Mu Soviet Union ofufuza anati, unsembe ichi poyera angapo mutated. Chochititsa chidwi boma alowererepo pa moyo wa anthu ndi chuma zinachititsa kuti buku la ambiri malamulo zolimbana, malangizo kukodzedwa chimango malamulo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu Soviet kwambiri kapena zochepa amakonda moyo onse mofanana pansi pa lamulo. Pamaziko a ulamuliro wa chipani, mothandizidwa ndi ntchito ndi mkulu zachuma, malo amphamvu m'bwalo lonse, nzika Soviet adalipo kuti asaswe malamulo zotchulidwa boma. Chifukwa mlingo wa chibvundi Soviet Union, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, anali otsika. Mtundu uwu wa chodabwitsa, ndithudi, panali (osachepera mlingo wa chuma mthunzi), pamene ena chuma allocated kunja kwa njira boma yekha mwalamulo zovomerezeka. Koma zokhudza zonse chikhalidwe cha vuto la chivundi mu Soviet Union, imatengedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri alibe. Komabe, pali lomwe mu nthawi Soviet akuluakulu komabe alibe kwathunthu kulamulira chuma. ogwira ntchito wamba, akatswiri amanena, ayenera kulola - ngakhale m'njira zophweka kwambiri. Izi zingapangitse zambiri lililonse limatisokoneza anatengera magulu ambiri a m'dzikoli ndi zenizeni watsopano, amene anachitika zaka perestroika.

Pamene Soviet Union analowa mavuto gawo la chitukuko, zomwe anaganiza kuzindikira kusintha, ulamuliro wa boma chipani anayamba likunena kutha. Ndipo anasewera mbali ya chinthu zachuma - miyezo ya moyo anthu anagwa. Mbali mfundo - zoweta, mayiko - zayamba waikamo ali boma. Motero, anthu anayamba kubwerera ku "chikhalidwe" maganizo a ndale, njira chikhalidwe, malonda - ndi miyezo yoyenera - pamene tiyenera kuchita pa pepala.

Zimayambitsa waukulu wa chibvundi Russia - choncho lakuthwa, motsogozedwa ndi unpreparedness wa anthu ndi Pamlingo waukulu mphamvu zandale kosangalatsa ku chitsanzo chimodzi m'dera lina, komanso miyambo ina m'mbiri. zodabwitsazi, akatswiri amakhulupirira, amamuchititsa kuonjezera pafupifupi m'dziko lililonse pamene pali kusinthika kake. Bypasses chivundi chipani, akatswiri amanena monga momwe mayiko otukuka, ambiri a omwe kuona ngongole vuto ndi chikhalidwe ndalama, kotero kuti kuganiza za Baibulo la mfundo panopa vuto la zachuma, motero - alinso pansi zamaulendo ndi. Komabe, mu Russia, monga ife tikudziwira, izo zasintha osati chuma komanso dongosolo la ndale. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti kusiyana pakati pa kasamalidwe ndi chitukuko cha mfundo ndi zambiri kuposa m'mayiko a Azungu, ndi mphamvu ya kukula kwa ziphuphu (chifukwa a) - pamwamba.

Zinthu zolimbikitsa chivundi

Akatswiri kuzindikira zinthu, zomwe kumlingo kusokoneza kukhazikitsa miyezo odana ndi ziphuphu ndipo nthawi yomweyo bwanji aggravation nkhani zogwirizana. Izi koposa zonse, vutoli wa zofuna za boma ndi malonda mawu a mafakitale sanali extractive. mavuto yochitira malonda: mkulu mlingo wa alowererepo boma, kupeza zovuta Kuyamikira - zimathandiza chakuti malonda anali kufunafuna zokonda zina chifukwa ntchito achinyengo.

Wina vuto - chosowa bwino, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, chidwi cha boma kuti ndi "miyambo" achilendo kwa Russia mbiri yakale, wakhala m'malo mwa chikhalidwe mkulu malamulo. Ndipo chifukwa anthu sangathe nthawi zonse kukatenga asilikali a mogwirizana ndi maulamuliro, ndi zina kuti zikusonyeza kuti m'madera ambiri a umoyo ndale zachuma chitukuko cha dziko lero.

Komabe, mu 2000s, ndi umoyo ndale zachuma zikuchitika ku Russia ali okhazikika. Kumbali ya khalidwe la moyo, yogwira m'bwalolo ndale Russia kwakukulukulu anapezanso malo chikwaniritsidwa mu Soviet Union. Komabe, vuto la chivundi mu Russia anakhalabe. Ichi ndi chifukwa, ofufuza ndikukhulupirira, kwa incompleteness wa polumikizira zonse zachuma - kusintha Russia kuchokera chitsanzo zokomera chitukuko ndi kwakukulukulu capitalist. Makamaka, akatswiri amanena - mu mawonekedwe a khalidwe la malamulo ndi mphamvu za mabungwe andale ndi chikhalidwe. mfundo Soviet Boma ndale ndi mwalamulo la zosiyanasiyanazo ubale ndi achikale. Malamulo m'munda wa bizinesi ndi pa onse anayamba kupanga pafupifupi zikande - la ogwira pawekha Soviet Union sanali zaka zambirimbiri. Chifukwa cha - anthu, boma, ntchito m'madera ena anayamba mu mayesero ndi zolakwa, ndi mbali zotsatira za omwe anali ziphuphu.

Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, monga akatswiri ena amakhulupirira zinthu zinayamba kusintha. Wakhala bwino, makamaka malamulo chimango kukonza angapo a mabungwe a boma. Taganizirani amatsatira malamulo mwatsatanetsatane. Vuto la chivundi, monga taonera pamwambapa, wamakono Russia makamaka anachititsa chifukwa cha mavuto yaitali mabungwe kiyi zolimbana.

Russian malamulo odana ndi ziphuphu

Kodi magwero kungakhale bwino kulabadira? Mmodzi wa anthu amene takambirana kale pamwambapa - Chilamulo Federal pa Corruption. Koma si malamulo kuchita kokha ndi gwero la kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo zogwirizana ndondomeko mu mbali gulu. Pasanakhale wathunthu RF Chilamulo ziphuphu, akuluakulu anali ndi njira dziko kutsutsa chodabwitsa pansi kulingalira. Buku lina zofunika - pulani ya fuko chifukwa 2014-2015 komanso amapereka ntchito mabungwe boma malangizo a odana ndi ziphuphu. Tidzaphunzira mwachidule zokhudza anasankha malamulo.

Anti-Corruption ndi Chilamulo

Mbiri yakale, gwero yoyambirira - Chilamulo pa Corruption anavomera 25.12.2008 Iye ankaona lofunika zochita normative wa Russian Federation, akufotokoza mfundo umalimbana kulimbana chodabwitsa pansi kulingalira, komanso maziko gulu kuti zodzitetezera motsutsa izo. Komanso lamulo ziphuphu zikuphatikizapo chakudya Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa wa zotheka zotsatira za mtundu yoyenera atilakwira.

Kuthana ndi chivundi mu njira national

zofunika malamulo winanso - The National Anti-Corruption njira. Kumbali ya udindo, ndi lamulo la mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia. Yosainidwa chikalata ichi 13.04.2010 loya, iye amakhala ngati kunadetsa pulogalamu gwero, amene mawu umalimbana kuthetsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti maziko zikamera wa chibvundi dziko. Kuyembekezeredwa kuti chakudya cha Njira National adzakhala analongosola pa nthawi lagona pa cholinga zenizeni umoyo ndale zachuma. pepala ili mfundo akuganizira mbali ya kulimbana ndi ziphuphu pa magulu osiyanasiyana a boma - feduro, dera ndi oyang'anira tauni.

Kuthana ndi chivundi mu chimango cha dongosolo national

Iwo likugwirizana ndi malamulo ziphuphu, komanso zafotokozedwa pamwambapa Plan National chikalata mfundo malangizo kake. Iye analandiridwa ndi 11.04.2014, ndi Izi - gwero lina zatsopano za oletsa ziphuphu. Plan National, komanso njira, ali udindo wa Watsimikiza Pulezidenti.

Maloya kufotokoza kuti iyeyo ndiye gwero, wotchedwa kukhala chida champhamvu kukhazikitsa njira ya dzina chomwecho. Zikuoneka kuti chikalata ichi chidzalimbikitsa mndandanda wa zochita umalimbana kulimbana ndi ziphuphu, kuzindikira anthu mwachindunji udindo awo kukhazikitsa, komanso njira kukhazikitsa yeniyeni ya ntchito ikuchitika ndi chandamale yoyenera.

mfundo Anti-Corruption ku Russia: i Mwachangu

Mtima ndi apano odana ndi ziphuphu mfundo anathamangitsa ndi akuluakulu a Russian? Akatswiri 'maganizo pa nkhani zimasiyanasiyana. Pali anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti maonekedwe anatsatira malamulo a ndondomeko anthu sikokwanira. Ngakhale ngati lamulo ndi mtundu wa nkhani za ziphuphu ndipo anapereka ndi udindo - Ndipotu, akatswiri amakhulupirira, kungotchula kwambiri amakhudza zimayambitsa zokhudza zonse za chodabwitsa lapansi.

M'pofunika ntchito mwakhama osati malamulo, komanso kulabadira maphunziro a makhalidwe atsopano mu gululo, ndipo, chimodzimodzi Chofunika, maphunziro kasamalidwe, kwa amene amachita wa chivundi sadzakhala lilemekezedwe. Choncho, muyeso wa kuletsa zochita oletsedwa ayenera osati kuperekedwa kwa malamulo a ziphuphu, komanso makhalidwe chikhalidwe zimene zimalimbikitsa nzika zina kucheza ndi muno, maulamuliro, ndi amalonda mu chimango cha lamulo.

A yambiri ya ntchito, akatswiri kunena, alinso mu malonda. makampani chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri mabwana Russian Choncho, Pamlingo waukulu kusonkhezera anthu kudzera njira mkati amapeza. chivundi Economic m'njira amene ali achilendo mabizinezi akhoza kwambiri yafupika ngati kampani adzayamba kukhala mwa maganizo awo antchito n'cholinga choti njira ya nkhani za mgwirizano mu gawo payekha, komanso ndi mabungwe boma m'njira malamulo. A bizinezi mfundo umenewu, malinga ndi akatswiri, wokondwa zabwino mumaganiza kuti kusonyeza kuzindikira pagulu la chivundi ambiri.