Zithunzi za mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Republic of Altai. Gorno-Altaisk: zokopa alendo

Republic of Altai ndi dera lokongola komanso lokongola kwambiri ku Western Siberia. Ali ndi mbiri yakale komanso yovuta. Kodi ndikutchuka kotani? Ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ikukhalamo? Kodi ndi zipilala za mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko la Altai zomwe zasintha mpaka lero? Timaphunzira za chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Kusintha kwachidule kwa mbiriyakale

Mbiri ya Altai imayamba nthawi zakale - oyamba oyamba kukhazikitsa gawoli m'zaka za m'ma III - II. BC. Kenaka panafika zaka mazana ambiri za ulamuliro wa a Mongol, a ku Turks, a ku Tibetan ndi mitundu ina yomwe idakhala m'mayiko a ku Central Asia ndi China. Mwachidziwikire, awa anali aimuna, ogonjetsa omwe ankakonda maiko akumeneko, kotero apa malo awo oyimitsa magalimoto ndi malo awo analipo. Mapu a Republic of Altai asintha nthawi zambiri.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700 gawo la Republic of Altai tsopano linakhala gawo la Russia. Ndondomekoyi inasintha zaka zoposa mazana atatu, mayina a dera lino anasintha nthawi zambiri.

Altai pa mapu a Russia

Kuyang'ana malire a Republic pamapu, wina amatha kuzindikira kuti mayiko oyandikana nawo ali Kazakhstan, Mongolia ndi China, ndipo mkati mwawo muli ulamuliro wa Khakassia, Tyva, Kemerovo ndi Altai Krai. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Altai anakumana ndi kusintha kwa dera, ndipo mu 1992 chigawocho chinakhala chosatha.

Kuchuluka kwa oyandikana nawo akufotokozera kuti dzikoli ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi dera lino komanso mndandanda wa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Malo awa ndi okondweretsa onse a archaeologists ndi odziwa zamakono. Mapu a Republic of Altai ali ndi malo okondwerera. Mlengalenga woyera ndi malo okongola amachititsa malo awa kukhala abwino kwa ecotourism.

Kuyang'ana kupyola mu mibadwo: kusintha kwa mbiri ya Altai

Mbiri ya republic imawerengera mazana ambirimbiri. Panthawi imeneyi, chikhalidwe ndi mitundu zambiri zimakhala m'dziko la Republic of America. Panalibe malo ambirimbiri ofukula zakale, omwe akadakali chidwi ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi okonda akale. Altai ndi gwero losatha la kafukufuku. Zolemba zakale za m'mabwinja a mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Republic of Altai - manda amanda, mapanga, manda, "akazi a miyala", petroglyphs - ndipo tsopano akukopa chidwi cha asayansi ambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, zojambulajambula za miyala zomwe zimawoneka pamatanthwe, miyala, ziboliboli za malo opatulika, zolembedwera, kapena monga asayansi amachitcha kuti - petroglyphs, ndi chithunzithunzi cha makalata ndi zojambula, zofanana ndi zilembo za Chitchaina - chuma chonsecho chimakopa alendo padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuyang'ana zipilala za chikhalidwe cha Republic of Altai, pamaso panga muli zithunzi kuchokera m'mbuyomo. Kuphunzira ndi kutanthauzira kwa makalata akale kumapereka lingaliro la miyoyo ya anthu akale, zikhulupiriro zawo, kugonjetsa ndi zochitika zina. Kufufuzidwa kwa malo a Altai kumapereka mpata wowona zofunikira zambiri, ndikuwonetsa njira ya moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi zosiyana zakale. Pakalipano, kafukufuku wamabwinja ndi kayendetsedwe ka sayansi akupitirirabe m'madera a Republic.

Mapangidwe a Republic

Zina mwa zolemba zakale za dziko la Altai Republic zili ndi zidziŵitso zambiri zozoloŵera za umunthu: Lenin, Pushkin, komanso zoopsa zomwe anthu a Soviet anakumana nazo: zikumbutso ndi zofukiza kwa ankhondo amphamvu a Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Kukonda Dziko, asilikali a Afghanistan, ozunzidwa Kuponderezana ndi njala.

Mbali yaikulu ya zokopa ndizo timapepala, manda a manda, manda ndi mapanga, chiwerengero cha zomwe sichikhoza kuwerengedwa. Zikumbutso izi zimalandira mayina achikhalidwe, omwe amadalira malo kapena dzina la wofukula mabwinja amene adapeza chophimba ichi.

Talingalirani zipilala zolemekezeka kwambiri ndi zojambula za Altai Territory: p. Barangol, chidutswa cha Vaska Log, Biryulin pokhala, mudzi wa Urlu-Aspak, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Kutash, mudzi wa Kyzyk-Ozek, mudzi wa Maima, mudzi wa Manzherok, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Ulalushki, mudzi wa Urlu-Aspak, mudzi wa Chultukov ndi ena. Mndandandawu umakhala wodzazidwa nthawi zonse ndi kukulitsidwa, monga momwe mayiko a Altai amagwiritsira ntchito matumbo ake ambirimbiri zakale zamakedzana.

Zithunzi za chikhalidwe cha Altai

Powerenga zakale za Republic of Altai, kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zochitika zakale ndi maonekedwe a zipilala ndikuwonekera. Chikhalidwe cha Altavia chinakhazikitsidwa ndipo chinapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya mitundu ina ndi mitundu ina yomwe idakhala m'dera la Republic nthawi zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mayiko omwe anaphatikizapo Altai. Zambiri mwa zipilalazi sizithungo zokha za mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Republic of Altai, ndizo zikumbutso za chidziwitso cha dziko lonse ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ziboliboli zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa akazi a miyala.

Lingaliro lalikulu la akazi amwala

Mayi a miyala amaimira chikhalidwe chamtengo wapatali chomwe chakhalapo, chiri ndi mbiri yakale. Ku Republic of Altai muli zithunzi zopitirira 250. Zithunzi zopangidwa ndi miyala - zazikulu ndi zosawerengeka za luso la anthu lamakono. Miyala ya miyala ndi minofu ya matupi aumunthu, osiyana ndi maonekedwe. Kawirikawiri, kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 1.5 mamita mpaka mamita 4. Amayi a miyala amapezeka m'magulu osiyanasiyana, timapepala ndi midzi. Chiyambi chawo chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zochitika zakale zochitika m'madera a Republic.

Kufanana kwa zifaniziro zimatha kutchulidwa mu chikhalidwe cha mawonekedwe a nkhope zaumunthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziwalo zina za thupi la munthu - zida, thunthu ndi miyendo - sizikuyenda bwino. Akazi ndi lingaliro laling'ono, makamaka iwo ali amuna - amphamvu ndi olimba mtima. Zakalezi zinasiyidwa kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha Republic of Altai.

Gorno-Altaisk - likulu la dziko la Altai Republic

Chimodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi za Altai Republic ndi likulu lake, Gorno-Altaisk. Mogwirizana ndi zochitika zakale, uwu ndi mzinda wokha mu Republic of Altai. Gorno-Altaisk ndi mzinda wokongola kwambiri, womwe umapezeka zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Kufika kwa likulu la Altai Territory kumangidwa mu 1928, chifukwa mbiri yake yaifupi Gorno-Altaisk inatchulidwanso mu 1948 ku Oirot-Tour. Udindo wa likulu la dziko la Altai laperekedwa ku Gorno-Altaisk mu 1992.

Zochitika ndi zipilala za Gorno-Altaisk

Gorno-Altaisk ndi mzinda wawung'ono umene uli ndi zokopa zambiri. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipilala, malo ambirimbiri, Nyumba ya Chilungamo, malo ozungulira. Lenin, Kasupe akale, Park Victory ndi National Museum. Mu National Museum. A.V. Anokhin amapereka ziwonetsero zoposa 50,000 za zamabwinja, zamitundu, paleontological ndi zina zomwe zimapeza, zili ndi zowoneka ndi zizindikiro za mdziko lonse, mwachitsanzo, mayi wa Princess Princess Ukoki. Chikhalidwe cha Gorno-Altaisk ndi kachisi wa Makariya wa Altai ndi Mpingo wa Kusinthika kwa Ambuye.

Chaka chilichonse mzindawu ukukula ndikukula, chiwerengero cha anthu chikuwonjezeka ndipo gawo likukula. Koma sizingatheke kutcha kuti mzinda wa pafupi ndi wachisangalalo, ngakhale kuti ndi Gorno-Altaisk, makamaka, malo okhawo asayansi, chikhalidwe ndi mafakitale.

Mzinda wa Altai: mbiri ndi zochitika

Phiri la Altai liyenera kusamala kwambiri. Izi poyamba zinali dzina la Republic of Altai palokha, koma tsopano dzina limeneli limatchula mbali ya mapiri a Altai omwe ali m'dziko la Republic. Malo awa ndi okongola kwambiri. Malo amapiri - massives, mapiri a intermontane, mitsinje yamchere - amasunga zikumbutso za mbiri ya dziko la Altai Republic . Mapiri a Altai amatchedwa golidi, zokhudzana ndi iwo mungazipeze ngakhale mu mndandanda wa UNESCO wa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Pakati pa mapiri pali malo achipembedzo, zolemba zakale za Altai, mwachitsanzo, Ak-Alah manda a manda, omwe ali pamtunda wa Ukok.

Chigawo cha Ukok ndi chikoka china cha Altai Territory, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zipilala zoposa makumi khumi ndi zisanu (155) zapakati pa nthawi zosiyana siyana. Mtengo wa malo amenewa ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa asayansi, chifukwa zofukulidwa m'mabwinja zinasungidwa mu mkhalidwe wodabwitsa wa kuzizira ndi ayezi. Mafinya amaloledwa kusunga zikumbutso zambiri zamtengo wapatali, ngakhale zinthu zapachilengedwe: chakudya, mummies ndi matupi a anthu, tsitsi lawo, misomali. Ndipo tsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso pankhani ya majini, asayansi amadziwitsa moyo ndi njira ya moyo wa anthu akale.

Ulendo ku Altai

Mosakayikira, zipilala za mbiriyakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Republic of Altai zimakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri. Choyamba, iwo ndi anthu omwe ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi sayansi - mbiriyakale, akatswiri a zinthu zakale, archaeology, paleontology, ethnography, komanso akatswiri - akatswiri mu chipembedzo, chikhalidwe, zankhondo. M'gawo la Republic of Altai chikhalidwe chochititsa chidwi chimakondweretsa: mphepo yamapiri, kuyeretsa mitsinje ndi nyanja, zigwa zobiriwira.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafakitale a mafakitale, kukongola kwachilengedwe sikukudziwika, kosavuta. Chifukwa chake, anthu atopa ndi phokoso la mzindawo, phokoso, msuzi ndi utsi kuchokera ku mafakitale ndi magalimoto, bwerani kudera lino. Bwerani kuyamikira kukongola kwa chirengedwe, penyani mipatuko ndi zipilala, mugwire zolemba za mbiriyakale, yesani mphamvu yanu ndi kudzoza. Ndipo zokopa alendo zimapereka chitukuko ku Republic of Altai palokha. Pakalipano, mabungwe ambiri oyendayenda amangidwa pano, akupereka mautumiki osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Zina mwa izo muli maulendo a malo olemba mbiri, mwachidule zowoneka bwino ndi zofunikira zopezeka m'mabwinja: malo akale, manda, manda. Komanso otchuka akupita ku mathithi a Great Chulchi, Lake Teletskoye, ku Edelweiss.

Kufunika kwa Republic of Altai

Republic of Altai pa mapu a Russia ndi malo apadera. Dzikoli sililimbidwa ndi mapaipi a sitimayo komanso osatha. Palibe migodi yomwe imachotsa mchere, golidi ndi diamondi. Palibe mafuta ndi zitsime za mafuta. Koma palinso chinachake chomwe chimasowa kwambiri malo ndi zigawo zina - chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe, malo osawonongeka, chithandizo chamtunda, mbiri, chikumbutso cha chikhalidwe ndi zochitika. Zikumbutso za mbiri yakale ndi zofukulidwa zakale m'dera la Republic of Altai zili ndi phindu la dziko lapansi. Choncho, ambiri a iwo ali m'ndandanda wa zinthu zotetezedwa ndi boma.

Ndizosatheka kunena za zosangalatsa ndi zochitika za Altai. Zimakhalanso zovuta kufotokoza m'mawu momwe Altai okongola amaonekera pamaso pa alendo ake. Aliyense amene adzayendera dzikoli sadzakhalabe wosiyana ndi malo osangalatsa, malo okongola komanso zithunzi za kale kwambiri dera lino.