Zokonzedweratu zowonjezera masangweji: masewera opangira

Zokonzedweratu zomangidwa kuchokera ku masangweji a masangweji ndi nyumba zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mofulumira, koma panthawi yomweyo zimakhala zodalirika, zogwira ntchito zambiri komanso zachuma. Sizidziwikiratu kuti mapangidwe amenewa ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi makonzedwe osiyanasiyana a magalasi, mapeyala kapena malo osungiramo zinthu, omwe amamangidwa kwa nthawi inayake.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti?

Zokonzedweratu zomangidwa kuchokera ku masangweji a masangweji zili ndi ubwino wambiri:

1. Mtengo wotsika mtengo.
2. Mphamvu ndi kudalirika kwa magetsi.
3. Mphamvu ya kutsekemera (chifukwa chaichi, poizoni ya polyurethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri).
4. Msonkhano wachangu.
5. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nyumba poyerekeza ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi konkire yowonjezeredwa.
6. Kukongola ndi mawonekedwe amakono.
7. Vuto la malo ogwira ntchito.

Zojambula kuchokera kumapangidwe a masangweji zimaperekedwa ku chipinda chokonzekera, kumene amasonkhana. Chilichonse chimapatsidwa nambala yeniyeni, kotero njira yonse yowonjezera ikuchitika molingana ndi chithunzi chowongolera. Kuti ugwirizanitse zigawozo, mkulu-mphamvu zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kutsegula.

Kodi mukukumanga chiyani?

Malingana ndi zomangamanga zokhala ndi masangweji, ndizotheka kumanga:

• Nyumba zomangamanga ndi zaofesi;
• Dipatimenti yopanga zinthu, nyumba, mafakitale ndi mafakitale;
• Malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo osungira katundu;
• Masewera a masewera;
• Nyumba zaulimi;
• Malo ogula ndi zosangalatsa;
• Kusamalira malonda, ma laboratories, zipatala;
• Magalasi ndi galimoto amatsuka.

Nyumba iliyonse yokongoletsedwa kuchokera ku masangweji amadzimadzi amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Ichi ndi maziko, chitsulo chokhala ndi zitsulo, zomangira nyumba ndi zomangamanga. Tiyeni tione gawo lirilonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Maziko: Maziko a maziko

Maziko a nyumba iliyonse ayenera kukhala odalirika ndi oganiza bwino. Ndi kwa iye kuti azisamalira nyumbayi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito, mungasankhe monolithic, mulu kapena slab foundation. Chisankhocho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamaziko a ma engineering-geological ndi hydro-geological conditions pa malo omanga, zomangamanga mbali ya nyumbayo, kukula kwa katundu umene udzagwa pa maziko.

Kawirikawiri, nyumba zowonongeka kuchokera ku masangweji amamangidwa pamaziko osavuta, makamaka ngati nyumbayi ikhala ndi nthawi yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, pomangirira nyumba zomangira imodzi, kusinthasintha kwa malo omwe ntchito yomanga idzachitidwe ndikwanira. Ngati nyumbayi idzagwira ntchito kuyambira zaka 10 ndi zaka zambiri, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito slabi yowonjezera yokwana 200mm. Ndipo maziko osungirako ndalama kwambiri ndi lamba.

Metal frame

Gawo lachiwiri la kusungidwa kwa zomangamanga ndilo kukhazikitsa chingwe chachitsulo, chomwe ndi mafupa a nyumbayo. Ndi iye amene amatsimikizira kudalirika ndi kukhwima kwa chikhalidwecho. Pazitsulo zazitsulo zidzaikidwa mipanda yamatabwa, makoma, mazenera, zitseko ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zothandizira. Pulojekiti yachitsulo imalengedwa, ndipo kujowina kwazomwe zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zazitsulo. Zomangamanga zamakono zowonongeka zamakono zimapangidwira pamaziko awa: maziko, arched kapena chidebe.

Amalemba

Pamene zipindazo zikuyang'aniridwa ndi zipangizo, zomwe zimachotsa makoma ndi mapulaneti, mawindo ndi zitseko. Kusungidwa kwa zipangizozi kumachitika pazitsulo za nyumbayo. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kumaliza, nyumba zopangidwa ndi masangweji (angathenso kusonkhanitsidwa mofulumira komanso mwaulemu ndi manja awo) akuwoneka okondweretsa ndi okongola. Ndipo kusankha kwa zipangizo kumadalira pa zomwe zimaperekedwa pa nyumbayi.

Zida zamakoma ndi madenga

Makoma ndi mapulumu a nyumba zapamwamba zogona zingamangidwe kuchokera ku zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• Tsamba losindikizidwa (losakanizidwa kapena lakuda);
• Zitsulo zitatu zamasangweji, zowonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosungunula (ubweya wa mchere, polyurethane chithovu, kuwonjezera polystyrene);
• Mbiri ya masangweji, yomwe imasonkhana pazipangizo zosiyana;
• Njerwa, zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokha kapena zokhudzana ndi mpweya wokwanira mpweya.

Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo za denga liyenera kulipidwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa ilo lidzakhala katundu waukulu. Kusindikizidwa koyenera kwa zinthu zakuthambo, kusungunula, bungwe la zitsamba - zonsezi zidzateteza dongosolo kuchokera ku chinyezi, chisanu.

Momwe mungasonkhanitsire kusamba kwa galimoto

Masiku ano m'makampani osanga, nyumba zopangidwa ndi masangweji zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kutsuka galimoto kapena galasi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoterezi zimamangidwa mofulumira ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamakono ndi zofunikira. Nyumba zomangamanga izi zimamangidwa popanda maziko, pamene nyumba yoyamba yotereyi inawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zomangamanga zotere: zowonongeka-zowonjezera, zowonongeka ndi zozizwitsa.

Chidziwitso chachikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito malo omwe amamangidwa ndi masangweji, ndi polojekiti. Chiwonetsero chidziwitso cha momwe nyumbayi idzachitikire, ndi zingati zomwe zidzafunikire kukonzekera kwake, ntchito yotani yomwe idzakhala pa maziko komanso zina zofunikira.

Anakonzeratu galimoto yosamba

Nyumbayi imakhala ndi zitsulo zokhazikika kapena zowonjezera, komanso zowonjezera zipangizo, zomwe zimakhala ndi masangweji. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zinthuzi ndizopangidwe ndi choyikapo chachiwiri komanso chodzaza ndi zinthu zotentha. Kusamba kwa galimoto koteroko kumamangidwa muzigawo zingapo:

1. Chojambula chimapangidwa, zothandizira zomwe zimalowetsedwa pansi kapena kuziyika pamwamba ndi kuika zipika. Mizere yowongoka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira, pambuyo pake mapangidwe a makoma, magawano amkati akuchitidwa.
2. Kusinthanitsa kukuchitika. Kukhazikika kwa mapangidwe kumapangidwa ndi kugwirizana.
3. Mipata, mawindo, zitseko zimayikidwa. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochepetsetsa, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito mafelemu apulasitiki kapena aluminium. Zipatazi ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito.
4. Malo amkati akukonzekera. Kutsirizitsa kuyenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopanda chinyezi zomwe zidzatsutsa zotsatira za chinyezi.
5. Maziko opangira madzi ndi magetsi, zotsekemera, zimagwirizanitsa zipangizo.

Katundu-msasa galimoto yosamba

Chidziwitso cha machitidwe amenewa ndi kuthekera kwa kusonkhana ndi kusokoneza. Choncho, ngakhale nyumba zopangidwa ndi masangweji b. Y. Adzagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira. Kumanga mtembo-kutsuka galimoto yamatentho kumafuna mapangidwe a zitsulo, zitsulo kuchokera ku glasslass ya fiberglass, yomwe idzaphatikizidwa ku nsalu. Chodziwikiratu cha nsaluyi ndi chakuti amapangidwa ndi PVC ndipo amaikidwa ndi mbale zowonjezereka za polystyrene. Msonkhanowo ukuchitika mu magawo anayi:

1. Akupita ku chimango. Mazati amaikidwa pamtunda. Choyamba, kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo osagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo, ndiye magawo a mkati amayikidwa.
2. Tsamba laikidwa. Pamapangidwe amatha kuyika zinthu zakutchire za fiberglass ndi bolts, ndipo nsalu yayamba kutambasula pansi. Malangizowa amapangidwanso ndi zipangizo zosakanikirana ndi zopindika, choncho mapangidwewo ndi amphamvu komanso amatha kupirira katundu wolemetsa.
3. Kusungunula kukuchitika. Amagwiritsa ntchito polystyrene kwambiri.
4. Nyumba zamkati zikukonzekera: kumaliza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, magetsi amayikidwa, mawonekedwe abwino amatetezedwa, zipangizo zimagwirizanitsidwa.

Kutupa kwa galimoto kumatsuka

Nyumbazi zimapangidwa ndi masangweji a masangweji (zithunzi zomwe zimaperekedwa mu ndemanga, zimatsimikizira kuti kumangidwe kosavuta) zimamangidwa pamaziko a zolemetsa zosaoneka bwino zochokera ku zitsulo zamatabwa. Pakati pa iwo ndi mabuloni okonzedwanso a mawonekedwe ozungulira. Zidapangidwa kuchokera ku PVC, zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika mlengalenga, komanso kutetezedwa ku mvula zimaphatikizidwanso ndi nsalu yapadera ya PVC. Kusamba kwa galimoto uku kumamangidwanso muzigawo zingapo:

1. Chojambulachi chikukonzekera: pazitali zazitali, zitsulo zamatabwa zochokera pansizi zimakwezedwa. Pakati pa zinthu zomwe zili pafupi, zidazi zimayikidwa, kenako zimakhala zophimba ndi nsalu, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumakhala zitoliro ndi zisolo ku chimango.
2. Zitsulo zimatengeka. Mapampu a mafakitale amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Pamwamba pa chithunzicho chatsekedwa ndi nsalu yotentha yochokera pa PVC, ndiye chitseko cha gawo chimapachikidwa.
3. Zida za chipinda chokonzekerazi zikukonzedwa.

Kodi galimoto yabwino yosamba imakhala yotani?

Choyamba, nyumba zoterozo zingatengedwe kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, ngati kuli kofunikira. Popeza zimamangidwa popanda maziko, njira yowonongeka ndi kubwezeretsa ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta. Chachiwiri, njirayi imayendetsedwa mofulumira. Monga lamulo, masiku angapo masiku 3-4 amatha kuchokera kumangidwe kuti apange ntchito. Tsiku lina tsikulo zikusintha. Chachitatu, kumanga nyumba zopangidwira ndi zotsika mtengo: ndalama zimaperekedwa chifukwa chosowa maziko ndi kufunika kwa zipangizo zogona, akatswiri odandaula. Chachinayi, magalasi, galimoto imatsuka, malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo ena akhoza kupanga mzere wofanana.

Zokonzedweratu zowonongeka za masangweji: mtengo wamawerengedwe

Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa galasi lokhazikika, kukonza galimoto, ulimi wamakono kapena phalala, ndalama zambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

1. Kutalika kwa nyumbayo.
2. M'lifupi mwake.
3. Kutalika.
4. Kutalika kwa makoma, denga.
5. Chigawo cha kutentha.
6. Malo amatsegulira.

Ngakhale kuti nyumba zoterezi zimangidwe mofulumira komanso mosavuta, ntchito siingaperekedwe. Chilengedwe chimayamba ndi mfundo yakuti ntchito yeniyeni ikupangidwa. Kenaka chiwerengero chachikulu cha chithunzichi chikuchitika, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zazithunzi, chitukuko cha zomangamanga. Gawo lomalizira ndilo woyang'aniridwa ndi wolemba. Mu gawo la zomangamanga, zochitika zotero za mtsogolo monga zomangamanga, miyeso ndi mawonekedwe a facade, mawonekedwe onse a mawonekedwe, zigawo zomangira ndi zida zikupangidwa.

Ngati malo omangamanga akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kuyendetsa magalimoto mkati mwa nyumba yosungirako katundu, ndipo kukula kwa nyumbayi, malo a chipata chidzawerengedwa ndi chiwerengero ndi mtundu wa katundu, malo a katundu wonyamula katundu. Kuphatikiza pa polojekitiyi, makampani amapereka chitukuko china, chomwe chidzaganizira malingaliro a munthu wina wogula mtundu wa nyumba inayake.