Zonse kujambula a zochitika m'mbiri - umboni, umboni ndi sayansi Kuwerengera

Zonse kujambula a zochitika m'mbiri zinachitikira m'masiku oyambirira mu gawo chifukwa cha zachabe ndi chilakolako kusonyeza mbadwa ntchito zodabwitsa za olamulira wakale. Zochita za olamulira - weniweni kapena zopeka - anapanga maziko a m'masiku oyamba, omwe umatsegula njira ya chidziwitso cha dziko wakale. zochitika m'mbiri komanso uthenga angathe kutanthauziridwa zoona kapena mwadala, koma ife monga ana lakutali, ndi chidwi nyenyeswa za zomwe zili mu mbiri yakale.

Makaseti loyamba

Nkhani yakale za moyo wa makolo athu anapeza mu mbiri ya Agiriki akale ndi alembi a Igupto. Rock zolemba, makombo a zikopa ndi retellings m'kamwa anaika maziko a maphunziro a m'mbuyomu a anthu. Kenako, ndi chitukuko cha akulemba kujambula zonse a zochitika m'mbiri wakhala bwino - anayesera kufufuza mbiri ya zaka zapitazi, n'kutiuza. Choncho anaonekera Nkhani yoyambirira. kutchula koyamba za mbiri yakale zapakati pa nthawi kutali chitukuko loyamba la India, Mesopotamia, China ndi Egypt.

magwero osiyanasiyana

Wambiri umboni za zochitika za dziko wakale uli m'Baibulo ndi Talmud. Mwachitsanzo, akamva za mfumu yakale ya Nabu-kudurri-usur zopezeka mu mbiri atazindikira. Kodi anali mfumu, ndipo panali kulamulira nthawi zimene nthawi - funso ili linali yankho zofunika. Zonse kujambula a zochitika m'mbiri sanapereke mudziwe wathunthu, ndi zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza kutanthauzira kwa nthawi zakale mbiri yakale akale palimodzi sakudziwabe. Iwo anatenga khama la mibadwo ya mbiri yakale komanso ofufuza kudziwa mfumu yakale ya Mesopotamia ndi Nebukadinezara m'Baibulo komanso kukhazikitsa ufumu wake. Mnthawi mbiri yakale mfundo patapita zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, ndi mfundo za chibwenzi ano zochokera kusanthula isotopes nyukiliya mpweya kuloledwa kwambiri anachepetsa munthawi ndi kuganizira nyengo heyday la ufumu makamaka.

m'masiku onse Russian

Mu heyday wa Kievan Lazaro anayamba clocking zochitika za boma wakale. The mbiri yakale kwambiri ndi Nestorovskaya Chronicle, unakhazikitsidwa Kyiv mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 12. Nestor anasonkhanitsa zinthu zonse ndi nkhani za mapangidwe Yairo ndi kuwapatsa chokwanira ndi structuring.

Kenako mipukutu analembedwa zaka 14-15. Kuti anapulumuka Vladimir m'chipinda chotetezeka, ndi Radziwill Chronicle, anawasema ndi Lavrentiev Hypatius chiyambi. Kumapeto a Chronicle zonse Russian analengedwa ndi zaka za m'ma 16 - otchedwa Nikon Chronicle, omwe anatenga onse odziwika nthawi magwero a pulayimale ndi kulenga Nkhope zanu amafotokoza.

Kuwerengera ndi periodization

Nyenyeswa za mfundo sizinachitike kuitanitsa ndipo anapatsidwa kuwapotoza ndithu. Kutchulidwa kwa wolamulira wina zambiri anakumana kangapo, zinali zovuta kwambiri kudziwa ndi zochitika zenizeni mbiri. Mayina a nthawi zakale ndi zochitika ndi mfundo za nthawi ndi nthawi imene chinayambika nthawi zambiri. zosiyanasiyana awo ndi ntchito m'dipatimenti wapadera wa maphunziro sayansi - mbiri limafotokozera.

zosiyanasiyana kudziwa mbiri ya dziko chikanachitika chifukwa chosowa laumunthu systematizing ndi kulamula zochitika zosiyanasiyana za m'mbuyomu. Panali kufunika periodization - ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa magawo osiyanasiyana a mbiri ndi luntha amanena. Chotero nthawi zakale zikhazikitsidwe makhalidwe wamba kuti kulola zochitika zosiyanasiyana kupita mu njira imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Ufumu Old yodziwika dongosolo maluwa kapolo ndi zina zotero.

Calendar ndi mbiri yakale udindo

Mfundo zophweka kwambiri powerenga nthawi ndi nyengo ndi njira kalendala. zaka zosiyanasiyana womangidwa kwa nthawi mbiri imene ochuluka ankachititsa linali. magwero Kenako nawo nthawi zakale mu nyengo ziwiri zazikulu - pamaso pa Khristu ndi Khristu.

zitsanzo zakale amadziwika kwa nthawi kwambiri. Ndiye nthawi chiwerengedwa mu moyo wa wina wa mafumu kulamulira. Ngakhale masiku ano, njira imeneyi ndi yodziwika kwambiri - asayansi Mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa ulamuliro wa Tudors ku England kapena mbiri chochitika makamaka mbiri mu China, chibwenzi nyengo yake ya Mafumu Tang. Mutha kuona kuti iye ndi zina zonse kujambula zochitika mbiri yabwino ndithu - gulu la kalendala limakupatsani molondola anapereka nthawi chimango chochitika. KUMANGA kuti gulu mbiri imasonyeza makhalidwe a nthawi yapita.

Zonse kujambula zochitika mbiri yayambika, kutenga nkhani TV zonse zilipo. Tinasiya kwambiri za umboni ku miyoyo yathu. Mwina ana athu adzatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mfundo za moyo wathu masiku ano ndi kuwapatsa kudzitamandira yabwino.