Anasiya okwerera sitima ku Moscow: nthano ya Moscow Metro

Moscow Metro, kumanga ake anayamba mu theka lachiwiri la makumi wa XX atumwi, anthu ambiri monga kukwaniritsa modernity mwapadera patsogolo. Linawala kusintha mwabwino (ndi zina zazikulu) okwerera chokongoletsedwa, mazana makilomita wa njanji, zonyamula otaya anthu oposa 8 tsiku ... Zonsezi si woyenera ndi maganizo a maganizo atsopano a anthu kunja uko, pansi, mtendere zochokera mlendo, mantha otherworldly . Koma pali mu zoyendera zazerkalnom ufumu malo kufa zovuta materialists ayamba kukayikira kuti zinthu zonse za m'dzikoli zimenezi n'zomveka. Iwo anasiya siteshoni okwerera sitima ku Moscow. Nthano nawo, kuthamanga pakati pa anthu, ngati sitima mkulu-liwiro. Zimakupangitsani inu tifuna kudumphira mu china "mphunzitsi" kudziwa chinsinsi cha mobisa kwambiri, koma palibe mmodzi! (Mu chithunzi pansi pa nkhani. "Soviet").

Maloto akwaniritsidwa ndi sizoona

alendo ambiri likulu Russian (ndipo ngakhale anthu zakwawoko) amakayikira zoti kulibe (kapena kuti analipo) anasiya siteshoni okwerera sitima ku Moscow. mndandanda uli: "Soviet", "Tsiku", "Volokolamsk", "Kaluga". Ena akhalabe mizukwa, ena anabwerera kanthu patapita anaiwalika yaitali.

zolengedwa Bakuman ndi pang'ono kuchoka mobisa chitukuko zoyendera. envelopu awo, alowe, ntchito kopita osiyana. Koma izi sizikumveka mawu mokondwera wa Woitana kuti: "kutsetsereka Makomo! akayimanso ... ". Ndi wapadera chipilala zosakwanira kapena kusinthidwa zolinga za sapiens Homo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti gawo chobisika kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa mu Moscow ndi kusintha, casemates, kosungira analipo m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Pali nkhani khadi zimenezi "mdima dziko". Tiyeni ndipo ife adzakonza kalozera mwachidule, lomwe limatiuza za komwe ndingapeze ndi momwe kuyang'ana anasiya siteshoni okwerera sitima ku Moscow. Photos zingatithandize kumvetsa bwino ngodya chinsinsi.

"Soviet"

Art. "Soviet" (Zamoskvoretskaya mzere). Ndi palokha nthano. Amadziwika kuti chinthu akulowa yachiwiri pomanga Moscow okwerera sitima (ntchito wobvomerezedwayo mwa September 1935). Tikufuna kuti nakayika kusiyana siteshoni panopa "Theatre" (poyamba "Sverdlov Square") ndi "Mayakovsky".

Pomanga mavuto alionse, kuphatikizapo hydrological. Motero, mfundo choyambirira ataya zoyenerera, makamaka popeza kunali siteshoni "Tverskaya" (amatchedwanso "Gorky"). Komabe, zinthu za polojekiti amati zothandiza.

Malinga ndi mphekesera, malo analephera "Soviet" bunker anamanga kasamalidwe ka chitetezo boma, ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chitetezo makhalidwe chowawa kunja. Anayamba mu galimoto ya mzere uwu okwerera sitima, chidwi kwambiri anayang'anitsitsa malo mobisa: mwadzidzidzi kung'anima ngakhale lingaliro la nyumba iyi? Koma chinsinsi Zatsala sikukudziŵika.

Ngati tingayerekezere kuti pali bunker, izo lili ndi mamita angapo kuchokera makoma a ngalande, pafupifupi pamalo padziko kumene chipilala Yuriyu Dolgorukomu.

"Tsiku May" (otaika)

Ndi "anamusiya okwerera sitima" gulu ndi item amatchula Moscow. "Tsiku May" (1954 -. 1961, Arbat-Pokrovskaya mzere.). Mosiyana ndi "Soviet" Uyu wakhala akuchita mobisa amasiya. Kuyikidwa mu electrodepot "Izmailovo" (kwa Izmailovo Park).

modutsa masiku ano. Mpaka posachedwapa, pa gulu kutsogolo kuzitambasula: "anakumana nawo. LM Kaganovich "okongola ndi momveka makalata:" May "Tsiku. Lero, m'nyumba khama kwambiri pa ntchito podemochnomu kukonza kusaka yake, m'malo mbali ankavala - chinsinsi machitidwe abwino kwambiri Moscow okwerera sitima.

antchito ali ndi mwayi kugula tsiku ndi tsiku kuona matailosi, stucco, ndi zotsala za gilding, ndi umboni wakuti malo M'mbuyomo mobisa siteshoni (chomaliza), zomwe pachimake wamba miyoyo anthu. Akukhulupirira kuti latsopano akanatha chipinda mobisa owonetsera zakale (akale kale kwambiri): Exhibition ovuta pamaziko a siteshoni chatsekedwa - njira kwambiri kusonyeza ndi kuwauza malo, "monga izo."

"Volokolamskaya" (Chitsitsimutso)

Ndipo apa pali zambiri pa "anamusiya okwerera sitima ku Moscow." Art. Volokolamskaya (Violet Metro mzere) tichipeza kumalo atatu osaya. Awiri mizere ya zipilala za zidutswa 26 aliyense. Yomanga - analogue "Tushino" anasonkhana mu 1975. Kumaliza ntchito sizinachitike kuyambira kutsegula anali kulephereka.

Chinthu chimene pansi zakale Tushino airfield (Aeropol). M'chaka, pamene chisanu chimasungunula, timaona kuti ndondomeko zake. Kuyambira chaka cha 2010, pansi amalembedwa chitsitsimutso mu mawonekedwe a ntchito yomanga bwalo la mpira wamiyendo "Spartak".

Ngati mu zaka 70 za XX m'ma kuno momwe munakonzera anamangidwa kumpanda zogona, "Volokolamskaya" sakanati anagwera mu gulu la kokhazikika kwa zaka zambiri. "Stilled" siteshoni Tingaone makamaka pamene akuyandikira convoy anaima "Tushinskaya" (makamaka pamene kumizidwa mu zinthu Chifunga magetsi akusuntha mu kufanana njira zikuchokera inadutsa).

Ndithudi ambiri mwa anthu okwera mwakachetechete anaganizirapo: kodi anayang'ana monga chotsirizidwa? Tsopano thandizo lapadera kukhumbira izi si: 2014 siteshoni linatsegulidwa. Kufupi ndi kunyumba kusitediyamu ake sitima Spartacus. Kotero, si choncho chisoni ngakhale masana, koma mithunzi opanda moyo kutha, nthawi zambiri kusintha mayina. "Volokolamskaya" chimatchedwa "Spartacus."

"Kaluzhskaya" (nthawi)

Izi wosakhazikika "munthu" ali m'gulu anasiya okwerera sitima siteshoni mu Moscow. Art. "Kaluga" (lalanje mzere) opareshoni kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1974. Dzina pa malo, amene linatsegulidwa - zofikira "Kaluga". Street Address: Profsoyuznaya msewu, 59, lakutali chipinda 5, kapena nave. Ndi ili pafupi atangochimwa akuchita masiku ano. Tikangomvetsa ali pa mtheradi (Kaluzhskoye) utali wozungulira.

Mpaka 1971, Far mpanda wa nave anali zenera. Koma zofikira anawonjezera, angagwirizanitse zipinda zitatu. Wall anakhala ogontha. Awiri njira kwa Kaluga zinachititsa kuti mapeto akufa. chokongoletsera chilichonse pa chinthu unkachitika: kuyambira 60 ntchentche za XX atumwi ndi kamangidwe aluso ndi Osema zomera sanapange nawo, choncho anaikidwa pa mtsinje.

Kuyatsa anapatsidwa nyali mafakitale, nthawi kuyembekezera wa okwera sitima whiling kutali pa mabenchi yosavuta matabwa. Nsanjayo modutsa ndi akaundula ndalama ndi zipata ndi ena malo wamba - gawo standby wadutsa mu gulu polowera. Mu 1974, chaka pambuyo mzere kutambasuka kwa dziko linakhala mobisa, wailesi yongoyembekezera kutsekedwa.

Nsanja zaka zaposachedwapa ndi chipinda chosungira (malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena ngakhale anawononga), mu lounges akale ofesi modutsa okonzeka, ndi utumiki mumphangayo limakupatsani kusuntha, anyalanyaza m'dera anthu. Apa ndi apo mukhoza kuona nyali yakale. Akukhulupirira kuti chuma izi zonse adzakhala ndi maganizo abwino mu phiko la Museum wa Moscow mobisa, mpaka nthawi potsiriza achotsa kuda lapansi.

"Mpheta Hills" (ankamangidwanso)

Ndipo kodi inu kuti mfundo imeneyi anasiya okwerera sitima? Moscow "Vorobyovy oonetsa anthu akuphana" ( "Lenin") zimadziwika bwino. siteshoni anatsegula January 12, 1959 Izo kutetezedwa ndi gawo m'munsi Luzhniki Metro Bridge. Mu 1983 linayamba anati zizindikiro za kuwonongedwa kwa chinthu m'munsi: anakhudzidwa osauka khalidwe konkire. Iye sakanakhoza kupirira kunjenjemerako mlatho chifukwa cha avtopotoka mwakayakaya.

Lekani kayendedwe ka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu (kuthetsa vutolo) - anatanthauza kusiya gawo lalikulu la m'tawuni palibe kugwirizana kwa pakati (Moscow Mtsinje aswa). njira inapezeka yomanga awiri mini-yozungulira okwerera sitima mlatho (1984) ndipo mwakachetechete anatseka siteshoni kwa kukonza.

Koma kukwaniritsa amafunira analephera kuwononga anakula yekha. Mu 90s mochedwa funso sanali za kumanganso kwa "Mpheta Hills", ndi kukonza mlatho onse okwerera sitima. Kuchira pang'onopang'ono: choyamba kusandulika mlingo pamwamba, ndiye anabwera pansi, wa siteshoni. funde la mavuto ndi kobvuta ndi kuchedwa ntchito. siteshoni linatsegulidwa yokhayo 14 December 2002. Njira za kayendedwe ka sitima ndi nsanja anali nawo, kuti tsopano ndi "phiri" simamugwedeza.

ndimalota pa

Okonda zosangalatsa chidwi "anamusiya okwerera sitima ku Moscow? Kodi kumeneko? Choncho mukufuna kupita kumene wowopsa, mdima, kumene kuli fumbi imvi wa kumidima. " N'zovuta kulingalira maulendo zonse mwadongosolo zovuta, ambiri a iwo zolimba njira chinsinsi yapansi. Koma bunker Stalin (weniweni chinthu), anati Makampani payekha ali pagalimoto chidwi (kusangalala, ngakhale wotchipa).

Koma makamaka sakwiya: nthano ya Moscow yapansi ali padziko lonse mu chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo sitima ndi wotumbululuka "amuna imvi '- phantoms akaidi amene anamwalira ntchito ndi m'manda mu msewu; Zosakhazikika moyo lineman akungoyendayenda usiku njira zawo ntchito; chithunzi cha mtsikana akufa anaonekera mu njira wakuda pakhomo; chimphona makoswe osinthika; ena mabungwe amene kukankha anthu kuti imfa, kuika njira. Zonsezi zikhoza kupezeka mwatsatanetsatane ndi wopanda malowedwe mu anasiya okwerera sitima siteshoni mu Moscow. Tours kuphimba ndi malo ena mobisa.

Tiyeni yapansi panthaka!

Mwamsanga umatsika kubangula akuyandikira kapena kutenga sitima, atsogoleri kunena nthano chidwi magulu mowiriza wa okwerera sitima. Ngakhale kudikira phokoso la - ndiye mwaima kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo ulendo si wopandamalire. Kotero kuti mudziwe kaŵirikaŵiri prokrikivayut akatswiri.

zinthu angati chidwi zobisika Moscow yapansi! Pafupifupi inchi wa njira ulendo limasonyeza oyamikira omvera chinsinsi kumbuyo chinsinsi. Iwo si zoona: kamangidwe, ndale, paleontological, zojambulajambula ... "tikutembenuzika" tsamba kuwauza za anasiya okwerera sitima siteshoni mu Moscow. Pitani "mutu" za alipo ndipo tikukonza. Onse chidwi! Akatopa kamodzi!