Antchito Home kutsogolo. antchito Home kutsogolo kwa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iwo amatchulidwa yekha monga gulu chikhalidwe. List mwayi kuziika nthawi kudandaula kupanda phindu. Komabe, munthu chosakhulupirira zimene iye anafotokoza M'malo mwake, zikuoneka kuti izi wakale okalamba ndi akazi kulandira ndi boma kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi zazhilis m'dziko lino. Koma otsutsa ngakhale anthu okalamba amenewa adakali pano ndi ife, ngakhale chiwerengero chawo likunena amachepetsa chaka chilichonse. ndi amene iwo, ogwira ntchito kumbuyo?

ena terminology

gulu Russian malamulo limatchula anthu amene, pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World (WWII) akugwira ntchito kumbuyo kwa miyezi sikisi, udakhazikika mwa zikalata zawo. Tanthawuzo la "antchito kunyumba kutsogolo" okutidwa ndi amene amalemekezedwa chifukwa ntchito zawo mu zaka izi ndi malamulo ndi mendulo ya USSR - izo amapulumutsa iwo kukhala kutsimikizira mfundo ya ntchito mu njira ina iliyonse.

pang'ono masamu

The nkhondo Fascism zinatha pafupifupi zaka 70 zapitazo. Chithunzi chomwecho anatsimikiza, ndipo pafupifupi moyo amayembekezeka Russia. M'mawu ena, ambiri amene anabwera ku dziko kumapeto kwa nkhondo, salinso moyo. Ndi angati a iwo anachoka, amene sanabadwe kusanachitike, komanso kugwira ntchito panthawi ya nkhondo, kuti alimbikire kuti musasunge khama, chigonjetso chachikulu?

Mwina kulibenso mu dziko la akazi amene amunamuna amene apita ku nkhondo m'malo mwa anthu anayamba wanga kapena anayesa kulima achisanu Siberia dziko, ndiye kuphika chakudya cha msilikali nkhondo. Ambiri dziko lino, ndi iwo omwe anakweza mafakitale manja, amene ali wotopa ndi theka njala kwa masiku sanadzisiyira makina kupereka asilikali ndi zida. Nthawi zambiri pansi pa tanthauzo la "antchito kunyumba kutsogolo kwa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo" amatanthauza ana. Kapena kani, amene anali mwana pa zaka lowopsya, koma osati moyo mwana wamba a (koma ndiye sikunali kotheka) ndi ntchito m'mafakitale, minda boma, mu zipatala akuyesera kuti zikathandizire chigonjetso wamba pa mdani.

Pa peculiarities chiphunzitso

Mu Soviet Union, chidwi linaperekedwa kwa maphunziro kukonda dziko lako la achinyamata zitsanzo zozizwitsa za anzawo. Wophunzira aliyense Soviet akhoza zimene zimatchedwa, wotchedwa Kusonkhanitsa osachepera khumi otchulidwa mayina apainiya (Valya Kotik, Leonid Golikov Zine Portnova neri Al.) Ndipo zimafotokoza za ft awo. Utatha Soviet Union zasintha kwambiri: malingaliro a zochitika munthu, ndi njira ya chiphunzitso, ndi ambiri a bungwe Waupainiya si. Mwina ena kukonzanso malingaliro anali n'zofunikadi.

Mwachitsanzo, Pavlik Morozov - iye ali, kaya khalidwe kwenikweni? Kapena wompereka a m'banja lake? Kapena basi snotty, mnyamata opusa, atagwidwa mu zovuta wamkulu masewera?

Kunena kuti ubwana ndi kusasamalira osati, ophunzira ofunika. Nkofunika kuti ndikuuzeni kuti panali ana ena - ogwira ntchito kunyumba kutsogolo, amene chopereka kwa chigonjetso wamba pa mdani mwachinsinsi ndi msinkhu wawo ndi yaing'ono ndithu kwambiri. Ngati izi phunziro mbiri si bwino kuphunzira, komabe kukhala ochuluka ndithu amaoneka anakwiya wamng'ono Zankhanza, amachitira ndi kumanyenga okalamba. Ndiyeno iwo chidzakula akulu chitonzo akale Mwamunayu chidutswa cha utumiki wawo.

Mwa njira, za ubwino

Mu wamba Soviet, mantha ntchito ku nkhondo mu kumbuyo, ankatchedwa mosiyana - anamenyela (amene anatenga mbali mwachindunji ndewu, otchedwa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo gulu). Pakutha 80 ntchentche za chiwerengero cha ophunzira ndi anamenyela ali utachepa kumlingo kuti kusiyana phindu, anaika gulu limodzi kapena wina, linabwerera "kunja". Mu 1985, anamenyela nkhondo akhala pachikhalidwe ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo amene anamenya m'magawo mukukhala. Komanso ophunzira mwachindunji mu nkhondo yachiwiri World nkhondo, ogwira ntchito kunyumba kutsogolo ndi maudindo ena ndi wodalirika kwambiri. A mndandanda wa ubwino izi ndi ndondomeko kukonzekera awo anali chimodzimodzi kwa mayiko onse a USSR.

Ndiyeno kodi?

Utatha la Soviet Union, aliyense wa mayiko wakale yokha kukonza maganizo ake ndi anamenyela, iye watenga zochita pa anthu awa kudalira maudindo. Choyipitsitsa cha zonse anali anamenyela nkhondo amene anali gawo la maiko Baltic. Iwo okha mosatsata phindu lonse kupezeka - boma latsopano dzina lake Soviet asilikali ankhondowo, ndipo ena mwa iwo anaimbidwa milandu. M'madera ambiri ku mayiko ena a ungwazi a anamenyela sanali adakana, koma muyezo moyo wawo anali kwambiri yafupika. Azachuma, kukwera mitengo ndi rents, mavuto zachipatala chisamaliro - zonse izi zimamupweteka kwambiri bwino ndi mwayi weniweni wa anthu okalamba.

Ndipo mu Russia?

Mu Russia zomwe wamkulu wa asilikali Soviet (ogwira ntchito kumbuyo) osati anakayikira M'malo mwake, chaka ndi chaka zambiri anatsindika kufunika zochita zawo, ndi kugonjetsa Fascism yokha nthawi iliyonse anaona zonse zazikulu. Koma musaiwale kumeneko zounjikika izi mawu okongola ndi celebratory sawatcha amene zoona, tili ndi ngongole ndi chigonjetso ichi?

The ochepa ophunzira akadali moyo wa kutsogolo ntchito akhumudwa. Ngakhale tanthauzo mwamwambo chabe anamenyela nkhondo m'malamulo Russian akudikira anthu onse, linapanga chigonjetso, koma unayamba mu 2000 lingaliro la "antchito kutsogolo kwathu" phindu chatha kwambiri mwapang'ono. Zapita, makamaka kuwonjezeka kwambiri penshioni awo, komanso ubwino wa chithandizo kugula mankhwala.

Sizoona kunena kuti anthu awa sindikusamala mu Russia - nambveka malipiro ndi phindu lina. Koma mbali yaikulu ya ubwino palibe ku boma ndipo bajeti boma, ndipo mphamvu zake m'madera osiyanasiyana zingasiyane kwambiri. Inde, ndipo malipiro ndi anamenyela si lalikulu kwambiri. ntchito amunamuna anali N'kutheka kuti asa- zodula - dziko n'zokayikitsa kuti kwadzaoneni!

Ndimakumbukira

Olemba mbiri ndiponso ethnographers zambiri, koma kumbukirani za anthu amenewa. Kulankhula kwa iwo, kufunsa za moyo mu nthawi yovuta, kenako kufalitsa chokumbukira nkhondo. Kodi limatiuza antchito msirikali wakale wa kutsogolo kwathu?

Kunja kwa mzinda wa Stalingrad kumbuyo mzere ntchito ambiri battalions ntchito. Ophunzira a mmodzi wa iwo, A. V.Osadchaya, anakumbukira kuti iye ndi mabwenzi ake anali kugwira ntchito zinthu zitavuta, chisel nthaka mazira, akuika antitank ngalande. Chimfine ndi osauka zakudya wamng'ono thupi mantha, yokutidwa ndi zilonda. Ine ndinali konko mu dank tinyumba ta matope, ndipo m'mawa ku ntchito, chifukwa iwo alibe anthu oti zokwanira. ophunzira wina, M. P. Uskova anafotokoza ogwira ntchito kunyumba kutsogolo mu zikhalidwe za aukali Stalingrad yozizira mudasambitsidwa ndi mwazi wa manja ake, kukumba ngalande ndi kudula chisanu wofuka njanji mayendedwe.

pokumbukira zinthu angamvele ambiri. Kufunika zimene anthu awa sitingalephere kukambapo, ngati n'zosatheka kupereka mayesero onse ndi kuwuma, anakumana ndi iwo. Mu Samara mu 1996, chipilala anamangidwira "antchito Ana a kumbuyo 1941-1945. Oyamikira Samara. " Mzindawu, womwe panthawi ya nkhondo anali mmodzi wa waukulu Wampekera mayiko zimadziŵa chopereka wopangidwa ndi ana ambiri ofanana kuwina mphika.

Pomaliza

Pamene ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu okha ndikuganiza mwa achikulire ndi anthu mokakamiza, ndi zokhumudwitsa kwambiri. ukalamba - palibe Imani pang'ono kuphedwa, ndi gawo mosalephera wa moyo, ndi moyo kuyenera kukhala bwinobwino komanso mokwanira. Anthu achikulire mwachita kwambiri kwa kutukuka kwa anthu, iwo ngongole zambiri achinyamata, ndi ngongole anthu abwino akadali kuyesera kupereka.

Mmodzi wa akugwirizana ndi yofunika kwambiri imene zoweruza za boma - kaya ndi yabwino okalamba. Mwatsoka, ngakhale Russia kapena za anansi ake - dziko positi-Soviet danga - sangakhoze popitilira kusamalidwa kwa anthu achikulire. Pamene ife tikuwona, si owonongedwa ndi gulu la pensioners - ogwira ntchito kumbuyo. Ndipo mwachibale kwa iwo amakana ndi chidwi chabe chigawenga.