Asia Zosangalatsa: chikhalidwe, zakale ndi zamakono nyumba

Asia akhoza kupeza achipongwe ambiri. Kuchita zimenezi ndi mtundu wake ndipo zosiyanasiyana. zokopa onse Asia mwakamodzi osati kutchula aliyense wa iwo ofunika tione mu malo oyamba?

wapadera Asia

The yaikulu komanso ambiri mbali ya dziko - Asia. Lake atsuka nyanja zisanu ndi nyanja atatu, ali anthu oposa biliyoni 4. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu ukufanizidwa ndi mafuko onse aakulu.

Apa panali atulukira zofunika anabadwa ndi chitukuko wakale: Babulo, China, India. Mu Asia timapanga Kutulukira lipindulitsa pa dziko lonse (gudumu, kampasi, pepala, kusindikiza onga), ndipo anapanga zikhulupiriro zipembedzo (Chibuda, Chijaini, Sikhism, Islam).

Asia zokopa akhoza akhutitse kukoma kulikonse, chifukwa zimakhudza zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi chikhalidwe. Izi kwambiri ndiponso metropolises zamakono monga Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai. Ndipo ulemerero wa nyumba zachifumu ndiponso akachisi a India, Brunei, Myanmar, South Korea.

Sri Lanka, Thailand tikuyitanidwa kuti tikhale ndi waulesi gombe tchuthi masana ndi usiku kwa moyo kusangalala pa discos lapansi. Mongolia akutsegula ake expanses pristine ndi lalikulu. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan adzakwanilitse kudzipereka, miyambo wapadera ndi zakudya.

Moenjodaro (Pakistan)

Topping mndandanda wa maulendo kuvomerezedwa mu Asia ali wamng'ono dzina wowopsa, ngati anamasuliridwa - "phiri la akufa." Mohenjodaro mwina unachokera mu 2600 BC ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yoyamba Asia South. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya chitukuko Harappan zinalili pa nthawi yomweyo kuti Ancient Egypt ndi Mesopotamia, ndipo anachoka kwambiri mafunso anthu amakono.

mzinda wakale n'zodabwitsa bwino anakonza. M'misewu intersect mzake pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino, n'kupanga dera bwino, monga msewu New York. Home bwino amakona anayi mawonekedwe zinamangidwa a zipolopolo njerwa ndipo anali ndi lathyathyathya. Malinga ndi ngalande mu nyumba aziwapatsa madzi, ndi za pansi pa dziko munali mipope wapadera kuchimbudzi.

Mzindawu uli mwangwiro anasunga, ndi zotsalira kupereka chithunzi chooneka bwino cha zimene ankawonekera Mohenjo-Daro mu bwino za nthawi. Kuti muwone zilipo "citadel", umene watenga ntchito kumbuyo ndi kuteteza madzi osefukira mu nkhani chigumula. Mukhozanso kuona dziwe kwa wosamba, zimbuzi osambira ndi nkhokwe. Chinsinsi ali anasefukira Indus mmunsi mwa mzindawo, ndipo zikuoneka kuti anakhala wosauka.

Merv (Turkmenistan)

Mu kum'mwera kum'mawa Turkmenistan, pa gombe la Murghab Mtsinje, ili Merv - mzinda wakale ku Central Asia. Tsiku yatsoka la mzindawo ndi osadziwika, koma pamaziko a magwero olembedwa, mu III-II, iye mwachangu otukuka. Mzindawu unali likulu la satrapies wa Margiana, ndipo boma Seljuk.

Merv - lakale likulu, amene wakhalapo mosalekeza mpaka m'zaka XIII, mpaka anawonongedwa ndi asilikaliwa. Tsopano mzinda anapulumuka midzi angapo osiyana.

Apa mutha kuona mausoleum wa Sultan Seljuk. The mzikiti wa mausoleum unapangidwa woonda zipolopolo za njerwa ndi nthandala 40 mamita. Angelezi zambiri kwa mausoleums wa Sultan Al-Hakim Ibn amir al-Jaafari ndi Buraydah Ibn al-Husayn al-Islami, amene analamulira mu XV atumwi mu New Merv.

Pa dera la kuthetsa wakale wa nyumba zambiri bwinja kwa nthawi yaitali. Merv zipilala wotchuka bwinja la Erk Kala (VI atumwi), Kiz-Kala (VI-VII za m'ma), Citadel Shazriar Chipilala, zotsalira za Chibuda obisika Gyaur-Kala, kumanganso mzikiti Yusuf Hamadani ndi zambiri.

Khajuraho (India)

M'mudzi India Khajuraho anakhalabe 20 akachisi wakale. Onsewo anapangidwa wakale kalembedwe Indian amatchedwa "mwaye" ndipo ali zingapo zochititsa chosiyana. Akachisi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kukokera, koma mbali yaikulu mu ziboliboli, amene mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri mobwerezabwereza amajambulapo maluwa okongola kumbali.

Akachisi pa Khajuraho anayamba kumanga kwambiri ndi Ine m'ma AD. The ziboliboli akamachita milungu ndiponso awo antchito, osiyanasiyana nyama komanso anthu a zosiyanasiyana ntchito: kudzikongoletsa, kudzikongoletsa, yawning, kuvina. Kuwonjezera izi, pali ziboliboli zosonyeza zosonyeza chikondi.

Ntchito ya kumbali ziboliboli si yeniyeni ndizodziwikiratu. Mwina anali kuphunzira mu chikhalidwe, kapena mitu kugonana m'masiku aja wamba ndipo saona chosayenera. Mulimonsemo, sangathe kunena kuti iwo anali atawona zowoneka onse Asia, ngati simunakhala anapita "Temple wa Kama Sutra."

Kazbek (Georgia, Russia)

Kumalire a limati awiri pa mamita 5000 Phiri Kazbek kukacha. Padangokhala anali kuphulika wokangalika, amene mobwerezabwereza anathira chiphalaphala pa malo otsetsereka a Daryal Gorge, koma kuphulika wake wotsiriza unali mu 650 BC. awiri nsonga wake conical (5033 ndi 5025 meters) zikugwirizana lokwera-chishalo.

Am'deralo icho "limatsogolera phiri" kapena "achisanu udachitikira." Pali ambiri nthano okhudzidwa ndi phiri. Mu nthano Greek, ndicho Kazbek Zeus amangiriridwe Prometheus cha kusamvera. Ndipo nthano Mkristu wina ali kuti Mulungu anamuukitsa phiri pa keley mmonke ochimwa.

Kazbek kukwera mphamvu zambiri. M'njiramo kuwonjezera okongola, ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona zina zowoneka, monga Utatu Church pamwamba m'mudzi Stepantsminda (zomwe nthawi zambiri akuyamba kukwera phiri). Pamalo okwera mamita 3900 wokalamba siteshoni nyengo kwambiri - tchalitchi zokongola. Pang'ono apamwamba akale phanga obisika Betlemi imene chuma chobisika nthano mpingo.

Ankara (Turkey)

The Turkey mzinda wachiwiri kukula, Istanbul pafupifupi si otsika kuti kufunika mu chikhalidwe, ndi Ankara. zokopa mzinda monga mizikiti ndi, mausoleums, zotsala za malinga ndi zambiri zakale chidwi.

Kufika mu Ankara, onetsetsani kuti pa kusintha kwa alonda a ulemu pa mausoleum lalikulu Ataturk, ulendo pa wakale mzinda mzikiti Aladdin, kuwerenga uthenga wa mfumu yachiroma Augustus pafupi ndi mabwinja a wake kachisi pa phiri. N'kosatheka kuti amasirira mfundo losema mzikiti wa Haci Bayram, kapena mzikiti waukulu kwambiri Ankara - Kocatepe.

Kuwonjezera mbiri malo mu Ankara, pali ano zipangizo, kuchilingalira. Ndithu wokwanira ndi kukwera pamwamba latsopano mauthenga nsanja Atakule 125 mamita mkulu, ndipo mwina nkhomaliro mu Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu odyera "Sevilla". Mu nsanja pali mafilimu a kanema ndi mafilimu ku Turkey ndi English.

Mzindawu uli zosiyanasiyana zakale, monga Museum of Ancient Anatolia akuluakulu, ndi Ethnographic Museum a nkhondo, Museum wa sayansi, luso ndi zosemasema. Ankara ngakhale kowonera zakale-Nyumbayi ndi zinthu zina za choyamba pulezidenti wa Turkey, komanso Museum la Aviation.

Pomaliza

Asia zokopa zodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana. Angelezi kuyenda apa kukhudza akachisi. Alendo kubwera chifukwa cha zinachitikira. Pali choviikidwa m'mbuyomu mbiri ndi kusangalala modernity nthawi yomweyo. Atakhala mu Asia, n'zosatheka kukhala opanda chidwi.