Mental ndi khalidwe matenda. A chizindikiro cha matenda aubongo

Lingaliro la "maganizo ndi khalidwe matenda" amatanthauza ambiri zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana pathological. Maonekedwe, ndithudi ndi zotsatira za zolakwikazo ndi mwachuluka osadalira pa chikoka cha zinthu mkati ndi kunja. Kuti timvetse akamanena za matenda - matenda okhudza ubongo, m'pofunika tione zizindikiro zoyamba za kuvutika. Kenako m'nkhani adzapatsidwa syndromes wotchuka anafotokoza chithunzi matenda, khalidwe.

mwachidule

Kuphunzira gulu amenewa chinkhoswe mu maganizo. Matendawa zachokera zinthu zosiyanasiyana. kuphunzira zambiri akuyamba ndi ulaliki wa General chikhalidwe pathological. Izo ndiye ikufotokoza maganizo paokha. matenda anapangidwa pambuyo bwinobwino wodwalayo, kudziwa matenda amayamba chikhalidwe. Yachokera pa kafukufuku izi anasankha chithandizo akufuna.

magulu pathologies

Ofunika amkati (mkati) ndipo exogenous (achilendo) Zinthu. Pakuti awa kapena kuyan'anila ena, ndi osiyana. Kuchokera pa ichi, ndipotu ikuchitika gulu matenda a m'maganizo. Choncho magulu awiri yotakata pathologies waima - amkati ndi exogenous. Yotsirizira ayenera zokhudza matenda chikwiyire ndi zinthu psychogenic, exogenous-organic ubongo (mtima, zoopsa, matenda) kugonjetsedwa somatic pathologies. Akuchita misala, retardation maganizo - ndi amkati mavuto a m'maganizo. A mndandanda wa pathologies awa akhoza kupitiriza limati affective, senesopatiyami, hypochondria.

Kulekana kwa etiology

Iyi ndi njira ina za gulu. Malinga ndi iye, matenda a organic ndi zinchito. Mbali yoyamba pali kusintha pathological mu dongosolo ubongo. Anatomical ndi thupi maziko sichinayambe anakhazikitsa matenda zinchito. matenda a Alzheimer, ndi kudwala zokhudzana ndi matenda oziziritsa mtima, mutu choipa akuwuka ku madera somatic kapena chifukwa intoxications (mwachitsanzo, kuona zilubwelubwe tremens) - ndi organic mavuto a m'maganizo. List of pathologies zinchito zimapanga matenda umunthu, gwero lachisokonezo, kusintha maganizo. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo komanso psychoses senile, misala.

Kudulidwa kwa mawonetseredwe matenda

Malinga ndi mmene khalidwe chimodzi kapena chizindikiro china cha matenda okhudza ubongo, adzaupereka kwa wina siyana alipo. Makamaka, neuroses lakutali. Neurotic amatchedwa matenda a maganizo osati osaphatikiza wabwinobwino. Ali chifupi ndi zachilendo ndipo amaona. Umatchedwanso matenda monga mmalire maganizo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda awo ndi manageable popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira kwakukulu. Palinso gulu la psychoses. Zikuphatikizapo matenda yokhudza kuphwanya maganizo zowonetseredwa ndi chikhalidwe, zamkhutu, kusintha maganizo, ndi retardation lakuthwa kapena mukubwadamuka, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, khalidwe zosayenera, ndi zina zotero. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo sangathe kusiyanitsa zenizeni zimene anakumana nazo. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa zinthu matenda a m'maganizo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

syndrome asthenic

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe zofala. The chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda m'bongo - kutopa. Amamva utachepa ntchito, ndi attrition mkati. Anthu akudwala matenda okhudza ubongo, mwina zinthu zosiyana. Asthenia Mwachitsanzo, iwo yodziwika ndi sensibility, kusakhazikika kwa maganizo, tearfulness, maganizo. Anthu amenewa zosavuta kuyenda, mwamsanga kupsa mtima chifukwa cha zinthu zazing'ono. Palokha, kutopa akhoza kuchita monga chizindikiro cha matenda a ubongo motsatana, nayenso, zinthu pambuyo zotupa aakulu matenda, ntchito ndi zina zotero.

obsessions

Zikuphatikizapo zinthu zimenezi chimene pambali adzaoneka ena mantha, maganizo okayikira. Anthu ndi matenda okhudza ubongo wa mtundu uwu kutenga mawonetseredwe onsewa monga mwini. Odwala sangathe kuchotsa ngakhale kuti maganizo m'malo ovuta kwa iwo. A kukayika - ndi chizindikiro ambiri matenda a m'maganizo a mtundu uwu. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akhoza mobwerezabwereza kufufuza ngati iye wolemala kuwala ngati chitseko chatsekedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kusunthira kutali ndi kwawo, amamva kukayikira awo. Pankhani mantha obsessive - phobias, ndi zachilendo kuopa misanje, malo lotseguka kapena malo akachita. Nthawi zina, kuti kukhadzikika pang'ono, kuchotsa maganizo mkati ndi nkhawa, anthu amachita zinthu zina - "miyambo". Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene amaopa cha mtundu uliwonse kuipitsidwa, mukhoza kusamba manja awo kangapo, kapena kukhala kwa maola kubafa. Ngati chinachake ake amatengeka mu ndondomeko, ndiye amayamba ndondomeko kachiwiri.

boma affective

Iwo zofala. Kumawonetsera limati ngati kusintha kulimbikira maganizo, nthawi zambiri kuchepa kwake - maganizo. Nthawi zambiri limati affective anati mu magawo oyambirira a m'maganizo. Zizindikiro zawo zingaoneke mu matenda. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo nthawi zambiri zovuta, m'munsili mavuto a m'maganizo pachimake.

maganizo

Zizindikiro zazikulu za chikhalidwe ichi amaonedwa akuchuluka wa maganizo, maganizo maganizo maonekedwe, wozingwa, maganizo. Nthawi zina, munthu kukhoza kumva chifuwa ululu kapena kulemera. chikhalidwe ichi ndi chopweteka kwambiri. Iwo limodzi ndi kuchepa mu ntchito maganizo. Munthu boma sizinayende kuyankha mafunso, amapereka lalifupi, mayankho yochepa. Iye amalankhula mofewa ndi pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri anthu ndi maganizo kunena kuti n'zovuta kwambiri kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu la lemba funso, amadandaula kuiwala. Iwo sangathe kupanga zosankha, zoipa lophimba ndi ntchito ina. Ogwiritsa angakhale nayo kutopa, kufooka, nkhani za kutopa. Movement wa stiffness ndi pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonjezera zizindikiro zimenezi, maganizo limodzi mlandu, tchimo, kutaya mtima, opanda chiyembekezo. Nthawi limodzi ndi kufuna kudzipha. Mpumulo thanzi angayambe madzulo. Monga kugona, ndiye maganizo ndi chabe, ndi m'maŵa oyambirira, ndi maloto nkhawa, likukulira. Depression akhozanso kukopeka ndi tachycardia, thukuta, kumverera ozizira, malungo, kudzimbidwa, kuwonda.

kukonda

Kukonda kuwonetseredwa inapita patsogolo mlingo wa ntchito maganizo. Anthu, pali yaikulu ya malingaliro, zokhumba, madongosolo osiyana maganizo, kuchuluka kudzidalira. Pa chikhalidwe chomwecho monga pa nthawi ya kusowa, matenda kugona amalembedwa. Anthu ndi matenda wosangalala monyanyira maganizo kugona kwenikweni, Koma nthawi yochepa wokwanira kuti womasuka ndi olimbikitsidwa. Mu kukonda zochepa kwambiri, munthuyo amamva kuwuka kwa mphamvu za kulenga, cholimbikitsa cha ntchito nzeru, kuchuluka kamvekedwe ndi ntchito. Iye akhoza kukhala kugona pang'ono kwambiri ndi zambiri ntchito. Ngati chikhalidwe m'kati, akukhala kwambiri, zizindikiro Ufumuyo izi ndende osauka, distractibility, ndipo, monga chotsatira, imfa ya zokolola.

Sinestopatii

limati izi yodziwika ndi zomverera osiyana kwambiri ndi zachilendo m'thupi. Makamaka, angathe moto, kumva kulasalasa, chidule, torsion, ndi zina zotero. mawonetseredwe zonsezi zosagwirizana ndi kuvutika ziwalo mkati. Pofotokoza maganizo amenewa, odwala zambiri ntchito tanthauzo awo "kaphokoso pansi pa nthiti", "izo zinkawoneka kuti mutu kuchokera" ndi zina zotero.

hypochondriasis

Iwo amakhala ndi kulimbikira nkhawa thanzi lawo. Munthu ankabwerera ndi lingaliro kuti pali kwambiri, patsogolo komanso mwina matenda osachiritsika. Odwala amalowerera pamene somatic madandaulo, woimira zomverera wamba kapena wabwinobwino ngati kuwonekera kwa matenda. Ngakhale dissuasion madokotala, zotsatira zoipa mayeso, anthu ankakonda kukacheza akatswiri amaumirira zina, zambiri mozama maphunziro. Nthawi zambiri limati hypochondriacal kuonekera mu maziko a maganizo.

Musanyengedwe

Pamene iwo amaoneka munthu umayamba kuona zinthu molakwika - kusinthidwa mawonekedwe. Musanyengedwe akhozanso kukopeka ndi munthu alili yachibadwa maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha nkhani Tingaone, ngati inu sanatchule mu madzi. Pankhani chikhalidwe pathological, Musamadzinamize angayambe mchikakamizo cha mantha. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhalango usiku munthu kuona mitengo ngati chilombo a.

kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo

Iwo akhale ngati chizindikiro kulimbikira matenda ambiri aubongo. Kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kungakhale Makutu, chogwirika, gustatory, olfactory, zithunzi, minofu ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri pali osakaniza zace. Mwachitsanzo, munthu sangathe yekha alendo mu chipinda, komanso kumva nkhani zawo. Wapakamwa kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo odwala amatchedwa "mawu." Iwo akhoza kukhala okhutira osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale chabe matalala munthu dzina kapena lonse ziganizo, dialogues kapena monologues. Mu zina, "mawu" ndi khalidwe kuyesetsa. Iwo ali kutchedwa "lamulo kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo". Munthu akhoza kumva kuti aphe, kuti akhale chete, kumuvulaza kudzikonda. zinthu zimenezi ndi n'koopsa mwachindunji kwa wodwalayo, komanso anthu ena. Zooneka kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kungakhale substantive kapena zofunika (monga nsakali, mwachitsanzo). Nthawi zina, wodwala kuona zochitika lonse. kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo Olfactory ndi Timatha fungo (lawola, chakudya, ziphuphu), osasangalatsa kapena alendo.

kuona zilubwelubwe

matenda, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za maganizo. Ndi kovuta kudziwa zimene ndi zamkhutu. Mawuwo madokotala pamene mumayesto chikhalidwe wodwala m'malo otsutsana. Pali zizindikiro za kuona zilubwelubwe. Choyamba, nthawi zonse chimaoneka pa maziko Chowawa. Brad kumanyoza kunyengerera kapena uphungu kuchokera kunja, ngakhale kutsutsana mwachilungamo lakuthwa ndi chowonadi. munthu mwamtheradi kukhulupirira choonadi cha maganizo ake. Pa mtima ndi kuona zilubwelubwe ndi olakwika maweruzo, molakwika, zikhulupiriro zabodza. Mfundo ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa wodwalayo, choncho kumlingo kudziwa makhalidwe ndi zochita zake. Zinyengo zikhoza kugwirizana ndi:

• kukhudzana, poizoni, kuzunzidwa, nsanje, ufiti, chuma kuwonongeka;
• negation, hypochondria, kudzikonda chirema, kudzikonda manyazi;
• erotica ndi zina zotero.

Onyenga matenda yodziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Choncho, anamasulidwa dongosolo kuona zilubwelubwe. Munthu mu nkhani iyi monga umboni wa ntchito ya kutanthauzira mmodzi ndiye amaganiza mfundo ndi zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku. matenda imatengedwa kulimbikira kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo anawawidwa chinyezimiro ubwenzi causal pakati pa zochitika ndi liwuli. mawonekedwe kuona zilubwelubwe nthawi zonse chowaloleza. Wodwala lopanda kutsimikizira kukambirana kukangana. Zamkati za dongosolo kuona zilubwelubwe onse zokumana nazo ndi maganizo a munthu ungasonyezedwere. Mtundu wina wa matendawa akhoza kukhala mphako kapena matupi otsimikiza. zamkhutu amenewa akupezeka pa maziko a nkhawa kapena mantha, zipolowe za chikumbumtima, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Pankhaniyi, palibe malo zomveka, umboni; "Wopenga" mmene munthu amaona zonse padziko.

Derealization ndi depersonalization

zinthuzo zambiri patsogolo chitukuko cha kuona zilubwelubwe imalandira. Derealization ndi kumverera kwa kusintha mu dziko. Zonse padziko munthu amaona ngati "zosatheka,", "The makonda", "kupanga". Depersonalization ndinawona mu mphamvu ya kusintha umunthu wawo. Odwala amanena "wawachotsera", "anataya mphamvu ya chidzalo," "poglupevshih".

syndromes catatonic

zinthu izi ndi khalidwe la madera galimoto kukhumudwa: stupor, chisokonezo kapena, Tikawonetsetsa chisangalalo. Zikatero pali zisadzachitikenso, unfocused, ena kayendedwe wachisokonezo. Komabe, iwo akhoza limodzi ndi kufuula mawu payekha kapena replicas kapena chete. Wodwala kuima pamalo omangika ndi zachilendo, mwachitsanzo, kukweza mwendo, mkono wotambasula ndi kudzutsa mutu wake kwa pilo lapansi. syndromes Catatonic ali ananenanso pa maziko a chikumbumtima bwino. Amenewa amasonyeza mwamphamvu kwambiri za matenda a. Ngati iwo ali limodzi ndi kumathima ya kutsitsimuka, kenako tikhoza kulankhula za zotsatira zabwino za matendawa.

maganizo

Njirayi imatchedwa maganizo. Maganizo akuwonetseredwa mu wakuta zakuya za zochitika zonse za maganizo, kulimbikira kuchepa ntchito aluntha. Against maziko a maganizo likuipiraipira, ndipo nthawi zambiri anataya kwathunthu sachedwa kutengera zinthu zatsopano. Munthu ndi kusinthasintha wosweka ndi moyo.

stupor

msokonezo otere anati osati alienations, komanso odwala ndi aakulu somatic kudwala. Chizungulire yodziwika ndi vuto amaonera, kuswa kugwirizana ndi dziko kunja. Odwala akunyoza sangazindikire zimene zikuchitika. Chifukwa, linaphwanya chokhala ndi anthu ena. Komanso, odwala bwino zochokera mu nthawi, kudzikonda, pa nkhani ina. Anthu sangathe logically ndikuganiza molondola. Nthawi zina, pali incoherence wa ganizo.