Atate wa sayansi Soviet ndani? The sayansi wotchuka wa USSR

maphunziro Scientific ku Soviet Union ikuchitika chayamba. Wogwila mabungwe ambiri kufufuza ndi Laboratories kuti ntchito usana ndi usiku kuti athandize anthu wamba ndi dziko lonse. Academy of Sciences mosamala kuonetsetsa, monga umisiri, zaumunthu, masamu, akatswiri, madokotala, asayansi, geographers kudula kupyola mu chifunga njakata.

Komabe, mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa sayansi.

nthambi za sayansi

The mbali zina zofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi zambiri anali ndi udindo zambiri anali Azamlengalenga, ndege, komanso chilengedwe cha makompyuta.

Soviet sayansi Atate

Asayansi yotchuka ambiri. Mndandanda lakuti "sayansi wotchuka wa USSR" amatsegula wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR, Academician Ioffe Abram Fedorovich. Asayansi analenga sukulu wotchuka, amene pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana amaliza kwambiri wa omaliza luso. Sichangozi Abram Fedorovich - ndi lopambana Soviet wasayansi, mmodzi wa anthu amene amachedwa kuti "abambo" sayansi imeneyi.

Wasayansi tsogolo anabadwa mu 1880 mu Romny, pafupi Poltava, mu banja la ogulitsa. Mu kumudzi kwawo, iye anaphunzira sekondale, mu 1902 maphunziro St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu - University ku Munich. Tsogolo "bambo a sayansi Soviet" kumbuyo ntchito pa kwambiri Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pa anthu wamng'ono Abram Fedorovich analandira udindo wa Doctor wa Science.

Nditamaliza maphunziro, anabwerera St. Petersburg, pamene anayamba ntchito ndi alongo Polytechnic Institute. Kale mu 1911 wasayansi mwafufuza choyamba chofunika - kupeza mtengo elekitironi. katswiri msanga adakwera mu 1913 analimbikitsa Pulofesa Joffe.

1918 N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mbiri ya chakuti chifukwa cha zochita za sayansi ndi linatsegulidwa Physico-Mawotchi mphamvu ya Institute of Radiology kuphunzira. Pa lino Joffe analandira udindo zosavomerezeka wa "atate wa Soviet ndi Russian atomu."

Kuyambira mu 1920, iye - membala wa Academy of Sciences.

Mu ntchito yake yaitali Joffe wakhala kugwirizana ndi Petrograd Komiti ya Makampani, Association of sayansi, agrophysical Institute asayansi kunyumba St. Petersburg, kwa zasayansi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anali kupita ntchito ya umisiri wa asilikali ndi zomangamanga.

Mu 1942 zasayansi wasayansi lobbied kutsegula, mmene kuphunzira zochita nyukiliya. Inali mu Kazan. Dzinali nduna - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy of Sciences."

Amene amatchedwa "bambo a sayansi Soviet" Nthawi zambiri, choncho Ioffe!

Zilibe kukhala pulofesa October 14, 1960 ku St. Petersburg.

Okumbukira busts kwambiri wasayansi, zikumbutso, mipukutuyi mwambo akalipo. dzina lake lapatsidwa kwa dziko, street, lalikulu, sukulu Romney kwawo.

A Chigwa pa mwezi - mautumiki

Amene amatchedwa "bambo a sayansi Soviet", chifukwa ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wasayansi kwambiri - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. Iye anabadwa April 22, 1879 mu Mogilev mu dokotala aluntha banja ndi limba.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, achinyamata Leonid kukopedwa ndi sayansi, kuwerenga. Iye anaphunzira pa Odessa ndi Strasbourg.

Amene amatchedwa "bambo a sayansi Soviet"? Munthu amene anachita chilichonse chotheka kuti sayansi.

Mandel'shtam anayamba ntchito sayansi Moscow State University kuyambira 1925. Chifukwa cha khama la asayansi, yunivesite anapitiriza ntchito ya luso thupi ndi masamu ndi thupi.

The ntchito otchuka Mandel'shtam anali kuphunzira kubalalika kuwala. Pakuti zinthu zimenezi Indian wasayansi Raman Chandrasekhar analandira Nobel Prize. Ngakhale mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti anali Soviet wasayansi, ndinaona zimene ili pafupi sabata kale.

Zilibe akhale wasayansi mu 1944 mu Moscow.

The chikumbukiro cha Mandel'shtam moyo imeneyi mu busts, achikumbutso.

Polemekeza wasayansi dzina lake ndi Chigwa pa mbali ya kuseri kwa mwezi.

Mlembi wa bukuli, omwe udali m'badwo kuposa wina

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - amene amatchedwa "tate wa sayansi Soviet." Iye anabadwa mu 1890 mu Vologda.

Mu 1908 anamaliza ulemu ku sekondale mu Nizhny Novgorod.

Mu 1913 iye maphunziro Physics ndi Masamu mphamvu ya Moscow State University. Iye anayamba ntchito yake ndi kuphunzitsa pa yunivesite izi.

Iye anagwira ntchito Omsk ulimi, Moscow thupi-zaumisiri ndi luso Institute.

Mu 1923 anakhala katswiri.

The ntchito yaikulu - kuphunzira Optics ndi kafukufuku wazamawalidwe. Ndinapeza njira kusanthula kawalidwe zosiyanasiyana zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo, amene mu 1941 anali kupereka State Prize.

Iye - woyambitsa wa bungwe la kafukufuku wazamawalidwe wa USSR Academy of Sciences ndi Sukulu ya atomiki kusanthula kawalidwe.

Asukulu Gregory Samuilovich anakumbukira monga woyambitsa "sayansi buku pulayimale," amene anapulumuka reprinting mobwerezabwereza ndipo kwa zaka zambiri ankaona zabwino.

Zilibe akhale wasayansi mu Moscow mu 1957.

Wopambana mu 1978 wa Prize Nobel mu sayansi

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa anabadwa June 26, 1894 mu Kronstadt m'banja la injiniya asilikali ndiponso kuyeza. Kronstadt akamaliza sukulu, anayamba St. Petersburg Polytechnic University mu mphamvu ya Electromechanics. Woyamba wotsogolera sayansi wasayansi tsogolo anakhala Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.

Pa First World nkhondo, Kapitsa anali pa munda wa nkhondo mongodzipereka - ankagwira ntchito zachipatala woyendetsa galimoto.

Pambuyo demobilization anayamba ntchito X-ray ndi Radiological Institute, amene lofalitsidwa ntchito choyamba kuntchito.

Mu 1921 iye anapita ku maphunziro owonjezera mu UK, mu Cambridge, pamene bwana wake anali yekha Ernest Rutherford.

Kudziwika katswiri anabweretsa kafukufuku wake ku minda amphamvu mu atomu. Mu 1922, Peter Leonidovich digiri. Mu 1929, Kapitza membala wa Royal Society of London. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali kusankhidwa absentia mu USSR.

Mu 1930, munthu zasayansi Kapitza inamangidwa.

Wasayansi sanaiwale kwawo ndipo nthawi zambiri kudzamuyendera amake ndi abale ena.

Mu 1934 iye anali ulendo zonse. Koma ku England Kapitsa si anamasulidwa, kutchula thandizo ake kwa adani achilendo.

Mu chaka chomwecho, wasayansi, iye anaikidwa Director wa Institute matenda. Mu 1935, iye anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo anali kutaya galimoto payekha. Iwo pasanapite nthawi anayamba kumanga zasayansi, ofanana English. Ndalama kwa polojekiti anali pafupifupi zopanda malire. Koma wasayansi mobwerezabwereza kudziŵika kuti zinthu kutali lonyozeka kwa English.

Mu 1940s oyambirira, ntchito yaikulu ya Kapitza anali umalimbana kupeza mpweya madzi.

Mu 1945 nawo Soviet atomiki bomba ntchito.

Mu 1955 iye anali mu gulu chitukuko cha woyamba Kanema yokumba la dziko lathuli.

ntchito yowala

Ntchito "plasma m'manja nyukiliya anachita" mu 1978, academician analandira Nobel Prize.

Pyotr Leonidovich ndi wolandira wa mphoto zambiri ndi mphatso. anathandiza sayansi alidi kwambiri.

Zilibe kukhala katswiri wina wotchuka mu 1984.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa amene amatchedwa "atate wa sayansi Soviet."