Basil Katanyan: yonena ndi filmography

Wodziwika monga filmmaker Basil Katanyan kwambiri ntchito ndi munda wa kulemba. Iye mwayi otengapo miyoyo ya anthu pafupi Mayakovsky, ntchito yambiri iye zoyenera ndakatulo chachikulu ichi. Ngakhale zambiri anali mwayi kuti abadwe mu 1924 mu Tiflis, akumutchinjiriza kwambiri olemba ndakatulo, amisiri amene ankagwira ntchito ndipo anayankhula bambo ake, ndiyeno - kusuntha Pambuyo pawo kuti likulu. Ndipo kenako kukhala wotchuka zopelekedwa filmmaker ndi woyambitsa Maulendo.

njira

Chirichonse nazo ake kuti njira iyi, monga Katanyanom atazunguliridwa moyo wake mafano onse oona. atate wake, inunso, Basil Katanyan, mu 1937 anakwatira kachitatu - kuti Lili Brik. Zinali onse tsoka, chifukwa mavuto kwambiri mkazi wake ndi amake Basil Jr., Galina, ndi chimwemwe nthawi yomweyo Scott ku dziko lakutali amene si aliyense entree. Buku za akazi otchuka wa nthawi yake, lomwe linalembedwa ndi Vasily Katanyan (mwana), ankaona kuti mabuku m'lingaliro zinkakhalira Kuwulura nthawi imeneyi chidwi.

Banja. Tiflis

Atate wa filmmaker wotchuka, anabadwa mu April 1902 mu kale mwachidwi zochitika chosintha wa Moscow, ndi Katanyan mkulu msanga analowa alakatuli wotchuka wa Silver Age, monga wakhala chidwi ngati katswiri mphatso ndipo analemba ndakatulo zabwino. Vasily anaphunzira Katanyan (achikulire) mu Tbilisi, pa Institute Polytechnic. Monga wophunzira, ine ndinapanga ubwenzi ndi Evreinov, Kamensky, torsion, Zdaneviches, anachita nawo ndi nkhani ndi mavesi.

Kenako mu 1919, Katanyan Sr. anatenga mu Georgia Union of olemba Russian anapatsidwa m'bungwe la "Zeche ndakatulo." Popeza 1921, anafalitsa nyuzipepala "Art", wachita mu kusindikiza nyumba "Zakkniga" pamene anamasula buku Mayakovsky ndi otsala moyo wonse ankakonda ndakatulo, pakati pawo otsatirawa: "Sergeyu Eseninu", "chindoko", "Kucheza ndi fininspektorom" (mafanizo awo otchuka Rodchenko) ndi mileyshuyu buku ana mafanizo Zdanevich - ". ziribe kanthu zomwe tsamba njovu, mkango" Mu 1926 anafalitsa woyamba ntchito yake zolembalemba, chimene chinapangitsa chidwi phokoso ndi chiyanjo ambiri - a osaphatikizidwamo kufufuza mu buku Tolstoy a "Sunday".

Moscow

Likulu Katanyan anagwidwa mu 1927. Basil Katanyan (bambo) lankhosa mu Moscow mnyamata wa zaka zitatu, anamuonetsa magazini "New LEF", pamene anayamba ntchito mlembi. Mwa njira, Katanyan Sr. lofalitsidwa kulikonse - m'mabuku zofunika za dziko, "News", "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Madzulo Moscow", "zolembalemba boma yotchedwa Gazette", "Young Alonda", komwe kenako ntchito kwambiri. Mwana Katanyan Vasiliy Vasilevich anamvetsera mwatcheru ndipo akudumphadumpha: chifukwa bambo ake anali membala wa Bureau Executive ndi Bungwe la Association of Soviet Writers, anthu padziko zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Makamaka anthu amene anathandiza kulemba za ndakatulo kwambiri.

Izo zinachitika kuti amakonda kwambiri ntchito imeneyi m'zonse chimphona zinachititsa kuti tsoka pa banja Katanyanom, koma mwinamwake sanabwere kuchokera mu 1934 bukhu la Mayakovsky - "The mizu ya ndakatulo," ndipo mu 1940 - chopereka cha nkhani, "ankanena Mayakovsky "pamene chirichonse kukhoza ustakanilos ndi achinyamata Vasiliy Vasilevich Katanyan kuyanjanitsidwa, ndi mkubwela kwa Lily Brik mu moyo wake, ndi onse a chowonadi. Mayakovsky kwathunthu analowa banja Katanyanom - Mabaibulo onse atatu a ndakatulo anadutsa manja a Basil Sr. ngati kompayila ndi mkonzi; ndipo 1939 ndi 1949, 1961. Basil Jr. ngati chinkhupule akuwukha zonse zimene anali zikuchitika. Ndipo panali zinthu zodabwitsa.

m'mlengalenga

Basil Jr. anafotokoza mu zonse zimene anachita atate wamng'ono. Iye osati ndinayang'ana, koma anathandizanso. Atachoka (kapena kani, iye anatulutsa) pa banja la atate wake adatuluka ntchito lalikulu Katanyan pakampanipo. Panthawi imeneyi, Basil Jr. moyo kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mayi ndi bambo mu banja ndi Lili Brik. Ophunzirawo ali kuphunzira mozama Mayakovsky a "m'masiku Mwachidule ...", amene anali kufalitsidwa mu 1939, ndipo alibiretu lingaliro chomwe ichi anali limodzi ndi mavuto. Dziko likudziwa awiri kwambiri luso Katanyanom - bambo ndi mwana, ndi amene Vasiliy Leontevich Katanyan, nzika wakale wa dziko la USSR, dziko mwanjira silidziŵika.

Koma Basil Abgarovich analemba masewero ndi screenplays, mwinamwake ndi chifukwa chake mwana wake anali ndi chachikulu cinematic ntchito. Osanenapo, anakamba kusewera "Iwo ankadziwa Mayakovsky" mu Leningrad maphunziro Theatre, kuimba nyimbo za opera "Sikuti chikondi" Wolemba Shchedrin, kumene libretto olembedwa Katanyan Sr., zilembo filimu "Anna Karenina" ndi script (mwina kwambiri) analephera kanema Chernyshevsky. Iye sakanakhoza kukhala wotero Mipikisano aluso kukula mwana mediocre. Chilengedwe chonse, m'mlengalenga N'chiyani zinachitikira ndi nzeru zofunikira pa moyo ndi moyo basi chifukwa cha zilandiridwenso.

Theka zaka filimu

Katanyan Vasiliy Vasilevich abwenzi ndi mnzake - Eldar Ryazanov. N'chifukwa chake awiri mafilimu poyera ankakonda adawomba dzina ili; kuchokera Myagkova pakamwa ( "Katanyan kubwera") ndi Filatov ( "Katanyan dzina langa"). Katanyan Jr. mafilimu osati zochepa wotchuka, ngakhale kuti zalembedwa. Chifukwa iwo kukumana omvera kachiwiri ndi otchuka mumaikonda: kumvutitsa Ahmatovoy, Rodionom Schedrinym, Mayey Plisetskoy, Sergeem Eyzenshteynom, Paulo Robeson, Arkadiem Raykinym, Lyudmila Zykina ...

Basil Katanyan - filmmaker - nawo mbali pa chilengedwe cha mutu wakuti "Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo". Iye sadatenga kwambiri mafilimu palokha zopelekedwa amene analandira mphoto pa zikondwerero lonse filimu. Vasiliy Katanyan - mkulu amene anajambula ndi zopelekedwa zosakwana hafu zaka! Osati munthu aliyense ali ndi mwayi kwa nthawi yaitali kuti okhutira ndi ntchito yawo. Ndipo iye analemba bukhu, ndi olemba ambiri amaona wamng'ono Katanyan imodzi Maulendo zabwino.

zikonda awiri

Mu magazini The New Yorker posachedwapa lofalitsidwa nkhani ndi Fransin Dyu Plessix Gray, mwana wamkazi wa kwambiri Tatiana Yakovleva, amene, monga emigrant achinyamata Paris, anapambana mtima wa Mayakovsky kwambiri. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zaka mmodzi ndi theka anasiya kukhala m'dziko lino. Nkhani unali wakuti "yomalizayi, amene Mayakovsky". Du Plessis sanaphunzirepo kanthu kwa mayi ake za nkhani imeneyi, popeza anachita lolemera banja "osati kulankhula za izo." A gulu la makalata komanso matelegalamu anabwera manja ake pambuyo pa imfa ya mayi ndi bambo. Mu 1999, mwana ndakatulo anafika Moscow kuti dziŵani ndi Mayakovsky Museum anaonekera pa zikalata ake.

Patapita chaka anatulutsa buku za mkazi wina, lolembedwa ndi stepson ake. Russia anakumana ndi sizikakutherani izi ndigwira osadziwika alongo makalata - Lily Brik ndi Elzy Triole. Ndipo iwo makalata kwa nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi moyo wake - kuchokera 1921 mpaka 1970-TH. Ine okonzeka tsopano akubwera kwa wolemba otsiriza pakhomo ndipo wotsogolera Basil Katanyan, amene yonena linadzaza ndi mpweya wa akazi mbiri wotchuka wamoyo, chifukwa bambo ake pa mmodzi wa iwo anali atakwatirana kwa pafupi zaka makumi anayi.

zilembo mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu anali chikalata. Basil anasonkhana Katanyan chithunzi autographed ndi wapadera ndi wamba zojambula mowa ndi dzanja la ndakatulo iyi, ndi zolemba zazing'ono, makalata yaitali komanso matelegalamu wotumidwa kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko, wachinsinsi ndi lofalitsidwa, owerenga analekanitsa chophimba mwachinsinsi pa ubale wa ndakatulo ndi akazi ake. Mwina palibe munthu akhoza kuchita izo mochenjera kwambiri ndi mwabwinobwino monga anakwanitsa Basil Katanyan.

Lilya Brik

Moyo naye kuti Lily anali wolemba ndakatulo wa anthu apamtima. Wakhala anasonyeza momveka, ndi chisoni, monga cholembedwa ofuna kudzipha kutengerapo banja lake anali anayambitsa ndi Mayakovsky dzina lake Lily Brik. Ngakhale amayi ndi alongo ake zili m'munsimu. Du Plessis amatanthauza ena masochism, omwe ankati ankangokhalira ndakatulo. anzanga onse anali kwenikweni kudabwa kuti nkhanza, zimene zinathandiza kuti akuda pocheza chakecho, anali despotism mlingo wapamwamba. Ndipo iye anali ndi chete, manyazi ake ndi kugonjera, ndipo nthawizonse kusiya chirichonse akufunira ake pang'ono. Komabe, Du Plessis ndithu okondera, ndi abwenzi kuona si zoona.

Izi kuphatikana kwambiri kukhala pa despotism limodzi kwa zaka zambiri n'zoti sakanakwanitsa. Kodi wina anafotokoza kuti, ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa yake, Lily Y. anali kwambiri zachilendo angakhale atakalamba, kukopa anthu ndi sharpness wa mumtima, ndi chithumwa munthu. Iye anadziwa bwanji kuti abwenzi. Aluso Opanga filimuyi Spergey Paradjanov, chomwe mobwerezabwereza kupulumutsidwa ku mitundu yonse ya mavuto, anatsimikiziranso zimenezi. Ine nthawizonse zakhala wabwino m'mabuku ake ndi akulera ana opeza wake ndi Basil Katanyan. Lilya Brik wachititsa lingamutsatire zoopsa mnyamata wa khumi ndi zinai, pamene banja anachoka kwa iye ndi atate wake, kupanikizika umene ukuchitika Galina, mayi wake wokondedwa, musati ngakhale kulankhula. Ndipo komabe.

magawanidwe mkulu

Choyesa mkazi wake Katanyan Sr. anabwera Osip Brik. Asiyeni - Lily ndi Basil - akupitirizabe kukonzekera chopereka wathunthu wa ntchito za ndakatulo, iye anati, adziwona tsiku ndi tsiku. Kusonyeza kulolerana, iye anati, musati kuyendetsa mwamuna wake, ngakhale kuti ubwenzi wabwino ndi Lily Basil womangidwa zonse molimbira. Koma Galina ngati makhalidwe sanali pafupi. Ngakhale pamene buku la Basil Katanyan analemba za maganizo kwambiri kuti anamupeza mayi ake, ndi kusamala ndi mfundo za Lila ndi kuwawa mtima akutsikira mawu ochepa za zimakhudza ake Osip Brik.

Ndipo akanali kulolerana a wolemba, monga iwo amati, kuchokera ang'ono. Iye Wobisa antisimpatii wake ngakhale sanakonde si Pachithunzipa lapansi. Palibe amayankha zoipa zonse ngati nzeru analandira amakhululuka. Lolunjika kwenikweni otchulidwa omveka, osati kanthu, ziribe kanthu momwe modabwitsa zinali. Iwo inatha, chirichonse anapita - monga ngati owerenga limati Vasily Katanyan. "Kunena za mafano" kwathunthu kumangidwira. Wolemba-memoirist ayenera choyamba asungike mu mtima koteroko aestheticism. Kwa iye, chofunika kwambiri kuposa munthu nzeru, m'maganizo ndi tanthauzo. Sergei Paradjanov, Maya Plisetskaya, Lilya Brik - anthu onse otsekeredwa mu mzinda wa buku lino, ndi zilembo zazikulu ndi chifukwa munthu.

memorialist

Katanyan Jr. mwina kangapo anaonanso mchitidwe chilengedwe moyo, anagonjetsa malamulo yokoka ndi malamulo kuti zinali zofanana. Mwina ndicho chifukwa iye akukana kuti moralizing ndiponso anaonekera kwa wowerenga inabala. Aliyense kumvetsa chochitika njira zawo, monga momwe angathere, ndipo amaweruza momwe sayansi. Koma ichi ndi iwiri lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse - wotetezera wa Vasily komanso palibe.

Iye Sanatumikire zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti zitsimikiziridwe, kusiya zonse zovuta ndi ambiguity owerenga onse. Zotsalira munthu, wolemba utoto otukukira kunja wowala, amene si chinsinsi. Tsegulani chithumwa yekha. Pamaso zinsinsi Katanyan chastely zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono, nampindira modzichepetsa. Zofunika sizichepetsa, kumvetsa mfundo ya munthu anafotokoza ngwazi si kukakamiza anthu.

ngwazi

Awa anatembenuka Roma Karmen, ndi Dzhordzh Balanchin, ndi Grigori Kozintsev ndi SERGEY Eyzenshteyn. Passionarnost kwa Vasiliya Katanyana - khalidwe yaikulu ya ngwazi filimu kapena buku amakankhira makhalidwe ena pa zolinga chachiwiri ndi wotsatira. Izi umboni zopelekedwa mu mafilimu. Mfundo. Munthu weniweni, bwino kwa onse. Koma mozizwitsa pa nsalu iyi pali Mipikisano chidutswa chithunzi kuti akuyandikira owerenga tikulidziwa chithunzi chenicheni kale. Amaonetsa ndi owerenga kumasulira kupenta izi ndi zopambana za maganizo awo pa zochitika zenizeni m'moyo.

zikwapu yonena

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Vasily Katanyan zambiri akaziwo anali ana aang'ono mwana ntchito pa ndege fakitale lathe ndi mphero makina - ndi kuphunzira. Mu 1944 analowa VGIK kuti Kozintsev - ndi kutsogolera, kumene anakumana ndi Eldar Ryazanov. Iye analandira dipuloma monga wotsogolera mafilimu mbali, koma atamaliza zopelekedwa. Ine ndidza kwa ntchito CSDF, ndipo anakhala kumeneko zaka makumi anai. Kuyambira mu 1957, iyo sinali ya Union of Cinematographers. Mu zaka zao za sikisite, anakumana ndi banja la wotchuka luso wotsutsa Julius Gens Tallinn ndipo anakwatira mwana wake wamkazi - INNA, amene anali filimu wotsutsa ndi bwino odziwa mafilimu a kanema Japanese.

Archives bambo, chanu ndi Lily Brik iwo tsopano kusungidwa ndi kuphunzira pamodzi. Gawo la izo awasungira mu miyala ya boma - pamanja, makalata, zolemba. Ndikukhumba Foundation analengedwa ndi kulangiza wolemba pamaziko a zomvetsera kunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, pali mavoti Lili Brik, olembedwa Elsa Triolet, Louis Aragon, Pablo Neruda, Nazim Hikmet, David Burliuk, Alekseya Kruchonyh, Konstantin Simonov, mawu a pa sewero wotchuka Deniz Dyuval ndi zina zambiri. Basil anafa Katanyan mu 1999 pambuyo matenda yotopetsa ndipo nthawi yaitali ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Moscow. mkazi wake anakonza buku posthumous memoir, potengera zolemba zake, ndipo anamaliza ntchito pa buku, amene sakanatha kumaliza.

zojambulajambula

Kuwonjezera makalasi mabuku ndi mafilimu a kanema Basil Katanyan kulenga collages chidwi, kupanga mabuku, ndipo anasandutsa bwino kwambiri kuti ntchito yake ndi kupambana kwakukulu nawo zisudzo zosiyanasiyana - zina kwambiri, mlingo waukulu kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 2003 chionetsero cha collage pa luso Russian wa mzaka zana makumi awiri mu Pushkin Museum ndi Tretyakov Gallery; mu 2005, chionetserochi "Collage mu Russia" mu Russian Museum; Exhibition "zoyala" mu 2009 mu mabuku Museum mu Moscow, kumene iwo anali kuperekedwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ambiri ku Archive banja kuwonjezera collages kunyumba zopangidwa ndi mabuku - makalata, zithunzi ndi zikalata zina zosangalatsa.

Books Vasiliya Katanyana

• "Magic kukhudza" (ndi collages Parajanov), Moscow, 1987.
• "M'nthawi ya Mayakovsky" (yoyambirira ija, kulemba, Katanyan ndemanga). Zolembalemba Maulendo. Moscow, 1993.
• "Kunena za mafano." "Vagrius", 1997.
• "Chachikulu Ryazanov". Collection, p. 91-96. "Vagrius", 1997.
• "Paradjanov". Moscow, 1994.
• "Patchwork zoyala". "Vagrius", 2001.
• "Lilya Brik. Moyo." Moscow, 2002.

Pomaliza, mafilimu zimene zatsala kwa mbadwa Basil Katanyan. Filmography ndi yaikulu kwambiri:

1. "The Island wa Sakhalin". 1954. Chikondwerero Mayiko mu Brussels mu 1955 - Prize.

2. "ankanena Kabarda." 1956.

3. "Nyenyezi mu Moscow." 1959.

4. "SERGEY Eyzenshteyn". 1958.

5. "Spring Road." Kinopanorama. 1959.

6. "USSR ndi mtima wotseguka." 1961.

7. "The Ballet American." 1962.

8. "Tsiku la ndakatulo". 1964.

9. "Asilikaliwo kuimba." 1965.

10. "kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la achinyamata." 1965.

11. "Pol Robson". 1959.

12. "Arkady Raikin." 1967.

13. "Maya Plisetskaya". 1964.

14. "Maya Plisetskaya". 1982.

15. "Anna Akhmatova". 1987.

16. yadzaoneni "Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo" (nawo). 1979.