Bwana Communication m'lembali: zitsanzo. bwana Communication m'lembali, njira kulankhulana

Kuuza ena kapena ndekha, Ine ndikumverera kuti ine ndikufuna kunena, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu amene akhoza anafuulira mu chinenero kulembedwa kapena kunenedwa, mokweza kapena ubongo wathu. Kawirikawiri tichipeza zingapo zokhudza tanthauzo ndi ziganizo kalembedwe. lemba Russian mu dongosolo ake amasiyana ulaliki ndi kumanga ziganizo ndi mawu a m'zinenero zina.

Lingaliro la lemba

lemba aliyense ali kubala tanthauzo ndi bwino analondoloza mzera nkhani. Mutu lemba la - ndi zimene tikukambirana. Izo analengedwa popereka mauthenga pa mutu uliwonse anasankhidwa opatsirana mu mawonekedwe a bwana munthu, ogwirizana ndi okhutira wamba zamalankhulidwe.

Chiganizo motsatizana m'lembali Mwina amapanga ndi microtome kuthandiza awulule mfundo wamba. Nayenso ulaliki zogwirizana maganizo waukulu lemba la limasonyeza lingaliro, kuti ndi chinachake chomwe analengedwera.

Mutu ndi lingaliro lemba la nthawi zonse inakula ndi kupanga zili mawu. Ganizo zofunika kungasonyezedwe mu umodzi wa mindandanda, kapena phokoso mu chamutu wa. Text ndi watanthauzo, pali njira kulankhula umafuna.

Komanso lemba lililonse lili ndi dongosolo bwino ndi makhalidwe kuti tanthauzo monga gulu la chinenero.

Zizindikiro a m'lemba

Kuti adziwe ngati mawu a m'lemba, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mmene iye;

• Choyamba, mawu ali nthawizonse nkhani Choncho, chirichonse chimene mtundu wa zotsatsa kulankhulana, aliyense maganizo atsopano ndi Kuwulura mfundo yaikulu, osati kubwereza kwa chimodzimodzi.
• Chachiwiri, malumikizidwe, kuyambira aliyense maganizo wotsatira chikugwirizana mkati tanthauzo la anthu m'mbuyomo.
• Chachitatu, kukhulupirika kwa zolengedwa ndi umodzi wa mfundo ndi lingaliro lalikulu mkati zili anafotokoza.
• Kachinayi, mawu ali ndi kutsirizitsa, zomwe zimachitika pamene lingaliro lalikulu ankasonyeza kuti womverayo kapena owerenga.

• Chachisanu, malemba ndi Sizotheka kuti "kugawaniza" zidutswa ang'onoang'ono, monga ndime.
• Chimodzi, lemba zizigwirizana ndi vutolo, kwenikweni kapena zopeka, amene angathe kudziwa ndiponso kumvetsa kumvetsera kapena owerenga.

Pa malo awa titha kuona ngati maganizodwe a lemba kapena kanthu kochita ndi mzake.

Kapangidwe ka lemba

Limapereka mankhwala umanena ndi mzake mwa:

• kugwirizana m'deralo, monga ndime;
• kulankhulana padziko lapansi, chomwe ndi kuzindikira tanthauzo la mawu kwathunthu;
• kukhudzana kulankhulana bwana monga Kugwirizana ndi wotsatira;
• kulankhulana kutali omwe kulankhula zigawo gawo anafotokoza mbali ya lembalo.

chizindikiro china cha malemba ndi matabwa ake, womwenso oyamba, chigawo chapakati ndipo mapeto (mapeto).

Mfundo unyolo kugwirizana m'lembali

Njira nsembe kulankhulana anawagawa lexical, morphological, structural ndi zamalankhulidwe ndi syntactic mlingo. Pa mlingo structural ndi zamalankhulidwe kusiyanitsa unyolo ndi njira yomweyi kulankhulana. Unyolo kugwirizana pakati pa bwana kukusonyeza kuti chiganizo wotsatira limasonyeza tanthauzo la munthu m'mbuyomu. Izi zimachitika:

• lexical kubwerezabwereza ;
• ofananira;
• m'malo mawu.

Zitsanzo za maganizo aya m'lembali :

• Bakuman ali kuti mkulu achisanu phiri ndi Mzinda wa zambiri ndi chimwemwe. Mu mzinda palibe matenda ndi umphawi, ndipo aliyense wokhala mwa Labwino moyo wosatha. moyo wosatha popanda nkhondo, popanda njala ndi ukalamba anakankha ngwazi kupita kukafunafuna mzinda kwachinsinsi. Bwana umanena ndi kubwerezabwereza lexical, imene lingaliro zoyambirira za mawu yapita ndi kuwuluridwa otsatirawa kwa iye.

• Ndinangoyang'ana filimu latsopano. Comedy anali kwenikweni mwachirendo. Mu mawonekedwe kulankhulana ntchito ndi kuchotsa mzake ofananira: filimu - ndi sewero lanthabwala.
• Ndinawerenga buku chidwi. Iye anagwira malingaliro anga kwa masiku angapo otsatira. Bwana zokhudzana m'malo a mawu pogwiritsa ntchito buku la pa izo puronauni.

Pamene kuchotsa mawu Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito woonekeratu komanso mawu, akuti, adverbs ndipo anagwirizana mawu. Iwo amagwiritsidwanso mitundu ya mauthenga umafuna monga chilolezo mawu, mwachitsanzo:

• Usiku kunali kugwa. Nyenyezi choyamba mu mlengalenga. Kaya mawu wapita, tanthauzo la malemba ndi zomveka bwino zimatanthauza kuti pamene madzulo mu mlengalenga nyenyezi adzawonekera.

kugwirizana kufanana

Kuthana bwana m'lembali akutanthauza kuti iwo ali oyima kwathunthu ndipo sali Kugwirizana kwa wina ndi mzake. Pamene kugwirizana ngati kapena iwo amatsutsidwa kapena chikufanana ndi mzake, kapena kusamusa chilichonse.

Mtundu wa kugwirizana limafanana ndi dongosolo lomwelo mawu komanso ziganizo ndi mamembala ndi mtundu womwewo wa mitundu kalembedwe. Nthawi zambiri Kuthana bwana ntchito ndi olemba kuti sewero la molondola kwambiri zimene zikuchitika mwa kufotokoza. Popeza aliyense wa bwana m'lembali pawokha, kukuza "malire" pomwepo. Izi zikhoza kuonekera kudzera zosiyanasiyana njira.

Zitsanzo za maganizo aya m'lembali:

1. Apa iye anamva kulira woyamba wa tambala. Apa Sichidzachepetsedwa kum'mawa kumwamba. Ndi nyenyezi ndatsala ndekha kumwamba. Apa panadza m'mawa wa tsiku latsopano. Chomwecho koyambirira kwa maganizo Chili iwo mu umodzi lemba kupatsira kufotokoza chochitika - ndi anaphoric kufanana.

2. Pa phula madontho mvula anagwa. Odutsa anayamba kutenga ambulela. Mu chitsanzo ichi kugwirizana yomweyi bwana m'lembali imagwiridwa ndi kaphatikizidwe wina chodabwitsa - mvula - n'zomveka njira zolankhulirana.
3. Galimoto anasiya garaja. Msewu akali kanthu ndi wachete. Dzuwa linali chabe kuwuka mumzindawo. Anapereka yofanana amaphatikizidwa mwa Kutchulira awo.

kugwirizana yomweyi bwana m'lembali akhoza pamodzi kupanga unyolo ndi ndondomeko yomweyi-unyolo.

Kufanana-kugwirizana unyolo

Mu yomweyi, unyolo amatchedwa chomangira nonse mitundu awa ntchito lemba chomwecho. Pankhaniyi, chiganizo chachiwiri chikugwirizana za kugwirizana woyamba yomweyi, ndi wachitatu chokhudzana ndi wachiwiri ndipo amagwirizana ndi kugwirizana unyolo.

Zitsanzo za maganizo aya mu malemba ndi mawonekedwe kufanana-unyolo:

• The chidwi kwambiri kuphunzira zimapangidwira. Kodi zingakhale machubu mayesero flasks pa desiki ya aphunzitsi? Kodi mtundu wa zithunzi za asayansi kwambiri ndi matebulo ndi zithunzi samveka kukangamira pa khoma - chirichonse chinali chatsopano kwa ophunzira amene muli pano poyamba. Wachiwiri ndi wachitatu ziganizo ali cholukanalukana unyolo kugwirizana ntchito chiyambi chomwecho, pamene woyamba ndi wachiwiri zomveka zikugwirizana kufanana kugwirizana.
• Pa msewu zikuchepa yozizira. Mu Mercury thermometer waponya kwa manambala ziro. Iye anasonyeza kutentha ndi kuzizira, ndipo zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti dzinja si mosavutikira kusiya. Ziganizo loyamba ndi lachiwiri la zawo, ndipo ndi ogwirizana ndi chodabwitsa limodzi - yozizira, pamene maganizo lachitatu zikugwirizanirana ndi unyolo kugwirizana chachiwiri ndi kuchotsa mawu.

Mu kulankhulana kotereku ndi Kuwulura kokwanira kwambiri zotchulidwa kapena anasamutsidwa.

Ife amapereka Lexical

Ngati lexical mawonekedwe kulankhulana amapereka lemba Russian lomwa ndi kubwerezabwereza mawu amodzimodzi cognate. Ngati kalembedwe Malemba ndi zina mwa nduna ndipo ntchito kalembedwe, ndi mabuku - malongosoledwe. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kamodzi pa agogo ndi mkazi. Panali agogo anga ndi ana mkazi.
• History - ndi sayansi ya zochita za anthu akale. M'mbuyomu, analipo kale zikamera wa sapiens Homo, ndi zochitika zimene zinachitika dzulo, chilichonse akhala mbiri.

Komanso, chifukwa maganizo lexical monga kuchotsa mawu monga ofanana matanthauzo kapena otsutsana kapena ubwenzi wawo generic. Zitsanzo za maganizo aya m'lembali:

• Zikuoneka m'chizimezime m'linga. Citadel anakhala zoopsa pamene ankayandikira ake. M'malo ndi ofanana.

• Mmodzi wa machesi ndi elongated anali wamfupi. The zina - yaitali. Ntchito otsutsana.

Choncho, "kum'mamatira" maganizo m'lembali ntchito asapita lexical.

aya malembedwe

Mu izi mawonekedwe kulankhulana bwana zofanana mu dongosolo. njira imeneyi imatchedwa syntactic kufanana, mwachitsanzo:

- M'pofunika kukhala zabwino. Uyenera kukhala bwino kuposa iye dzulo.

bwana Kutchulira (kaphatikizidwe iwo mu gulu limodzi ndi Mtundu mtengo yomweyo) ntchito mogwirizana yomweyi, mwachitsanzo:

- abakha ndi swans kusambira pafupi ndi gombe. chete unachitikira podikira pamene amatsata wina kutaya zidutswa za mkate mu madzi a nyanza. Anayamba kukangana ndi chisangalalo.

Pamene nkhani syntactic kambirimbiri mawu, ndi fastener okwanira mu lemba limodzi: unsembe tatchulazi ndi zina zotero.

njira Morphological kulankhulana

Pamene mitundu morphological kulankhulana ndi zofala kwambiri ntchito:

• m'malo manauni ndi mapuronauni - Mu nkhalango mitengo yambiri. Malinga ndi mmene mnzake, n'zotheka kuweruza za kapangidwe kake. Manauni m'malo mwa mawu.
• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a nthawi ndi mtundu - ndi gust mwadzidzidzi kunawomba mphepo. Ambulera anapulumutsidwa ku manja. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a mtundu chabe ndi zinachitika kale.

• particles ndi mawu koyambirira - Iye anali kulakwitsa. Choncho, anzake sankapatsa.

kugwirizana Morphological ambiri amangoti ntchito malemba luso la khalidwe logwirizana kapena Nkhani.