Lexicology kuti maphunziro? Nthambi ya mawu sayansi kuphunzira

Lexicology - sayansi kuti akunena za mawu a chinenero chinachake. Iwo ali malamulo ake ndi siyana. Lexicology kuti maphunziro? sayansi wokhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za mawu, komanso ntchito zawo ndi chitukuko.

maganizo

Lexicology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira mawu a chinenero ndi mbali yake. Nkhani ya m'gawo lino zilankhulo ndi zotsatirazi:

• Ntchito ya mayunitsi lexical.
• Vuto la mawu ngati n'chofunika constituent wa chinenero.
• Mitundu ndi mayunitsi lexical.
• Kapangidwe ka mawu a chinenero.

Izi si mndandanda wa maphunziro kuti lexicology. sayansi Izi zingachititse kasinthidwe komanso kukweza kayankhulidwe ka, komanso kuganizira yogwirizana ndi kusiyana mayunitsi ndi lexical.

chinthu kuphunzira

Mawu ndi matanthauzo ake - ndi maziko a sayansi ambiri. Nkhanizi sizitchulidwa ndi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, komanso ngati m'madera osiyanasiyana a liwu mapangidwe. Komabe, ngati mawu awa ndi sayansi njira kuphunzira nyumba kalembedwe kapena kugwiritsa zitsanzo osiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu mapangidwe, ndiye, kuti ikufotokoza lexicology, ntchito mwachindunji kwa chidziwitso cha limatchula mawu ambiri. mayunitsi Lexical amaonedwa osati chabe monga mndandanda wa zilembo ndi katchulidwe, ndi dongosolo Integrated kuti ali ntchito kulankhulana ake, potengera zimene limaphunzitsa. Ndi chinthu kuphunzira lexicography. Ikufotokoza mawu osati umodzi ndi lotanthauzira lonse monga chinthu chonsecho ndi indivisible.

Njira imeneyi imakhala ndi mbali yake. Izi zimathandiza kuti am'patse gulu mayunitsi lexical mawu osati kokha, komanso kuika mawu amene ali inayake analytic udindo.

vuto mawu

Lexicology wa chinenero chamakono Russian akunena za chinthu ndi phunziro la lake. Popeza mawu amaonedwa monga ngati wagawo amene ali ndi ubale mawonekedwe ndi wokhutira, amaona mu zinthu zitatu:

• Kandalama. Kuphunzira Mawu mawonekedwe, matabwa ake ndi ziwalo zikuluzikulu.
• Zamalankhulidwe. Ikufotokoza kufunika mayunitsi lexical.
• Zinchito. Ikufotokoza mbali ya mawu kulankhula ndi kapangidwe ka chinenero.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mbali yoyamba, lexicology - sayansi omwe amapereka i enieni kudziwa kusiyana ndi mayina a mawu ena. Pakuti mayunitsi izi lexical poyerekeza ndi mawu, komanso kukhala ndi chimango mawunikidwe kuti amalola kukhazikitsa mawu a invariants.

Koma mbali zamalankhulidwe, ndi ndawala sayansi osiyana - semasiology. Ikufotokoza ubale pakati pa mawu ndi chinthu makamaka. Nkofunika kuti Lexicology. Iwo amaphunzira mawu ndi matanthauzo ake, komanso magulu payekha komanso mitundu kuti amalola kuunikila mfundo monga monosimiya (wapadera) ndi polisimiya (ambiguity). Lexicology komanso investigates zimayambitsa kuti chimayambitsa kapena imfa ya mawu a makhalidwe awo.

Zinchito mbali kuganizira lexical wagawo chinthu kuti amagwirizana ndi zinthu zina zofanana ndi kudzilimbikitsa dongosolo lonse la chinenero. Apa udindo wa mogwirizana kwa mawu ndi galamala yomwe, pa dzanja limodzi, kuthandizidwa ndi pa zina - kuchepetsa mzake.

Lingaliro la kayankhulidwe ka

Lexicology amachitira kulankhula monga dongosolo kuti tichipeza subsystems angapo. mayunitsi Lexical m'magulu zosiyana kukula, mawonekedwe ndi wokhutira. Izi ndi mbali ya zomwe adaphunzira lexicology. Mawu anaphunzira imodzi mwa njira ziwiri: monga asapita gulu pakati mayunitsi munthu ndi udindo wawo zolondola poyerekezera ndi mzake. Ndiyamika chinenero zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, homonyms, paronyms, ofanana matanthauzo, otsutsana, tetralogy neri Al.

Komanso, pafupifupi nthambi ya zilankhulo, kuphatikizapo Russian kapena English Lexicology, imaphunzira magulu bulkier mawu amene aitanidwa minda. Kawirikawiri zachokera ku munda wa phata Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina nambala ya mawu, ndi malire a zimene ziri zosiyana paradigmatic, zamalankhulidwe, galamala kapena mitundu ina ya kugona ndi mayunitsi lexical.

Mabwalo lexicology

Ngati sayansi wina aliyense, lexicology ali dongosolo yakeyake amalanga kuti ali ndi udindo mbali zina za chabe ndi phunziro la:

• Semasiology. Iwo ukugwira matanthauzo a mawu ndi ziganizo.
• Onomasiology. Ikufotokoza ndondomeko anangotchula zinthu ndi zochitika.
• Etymology. Imafufuza chiyambi cha mawu.
• Onomastics. Ukugwira mayina awo. Zimenezi zikugwira onse kuti maina a anthu ndi maina malo.
• Stylistics. Kufufuza tanthauzo la mawu ounika connotative chikhalidwe.
• Lexicography. Izo zikugwira bungwe ndi njira yolemba otanthauzira.
• Phraseology. Imafufuza Zining'a ndi kulimbikira mawu.

Mabwalo lexicology ndi gulu lawo, komanso chinthu ndi phunziro la. Komanso kuonetsetsa mitundu ina ya sayansi imeneyi. Makamaka, tikulankhula ambiri, mabungwe, mbiri yakale, poyerekeza ndi ntchito lexicology. Yoyamba ndi udindo malamulo onse a chinenero, kuphatikizapo matabwa ake, magawo chitukuko, ndi ntchito zina. Lexicology Private investigates chinenero makamaka. mtundu mbiri udindo chitukuko cha mawu mogwirizana ndi mbiri ya maina a zinthu ndi zochitika. Poyerekeza Lexicology investigates mawu kuzindikira ubale zinenero zosiyana. Mtundu yamasika udindo njira monga chikhalidwe cha mawu, makamaka translation, zinenero pedagogy ndi lexicography.

Category mayunitsi lexical

Kayankhulidwe ka chinenero cha zosiyanasiyana heterogeneity. Choncho, amasulidwe siyana zomwe ndi mbali zawo chosiyana ndi makhalidwe. Russian lexicology amaoneratu subtypes zotsatirazi:

• Akukhudza: mawu obscheupotreblyaemye ndi mayunitsi lexical, amene ntchito mu zochitika zapadera (sayansi, ndakatulo wamba, m'zilembo, etc ..).
• Ndi maganizo: a ndale ndi kukwiya mayunitsi.
• Malinga ndi chitukuko mbiri: neologisms ndi archaisms.
• Mu chiyambi ndi chitukuko: internationalism ndi ngongole, etc ..
• Kumbali ya magwiridwe - udakali chabe lexical mayunitsi, komanso occasionalisms.

Popeza chitukuko mosalekeza chinenero, malire pakati pa mawu sali bwino, ndipo iwo akhoza kusuntha kwa gulu wina ndi mzake.

mavuto

Ngati sayansi wina aliyense, lexicology akuwalankhula mavuto ena. Akatswiri amakono awa:

• Pafupipafupi mawu m'lembali.
• Kusiyana pakati pa zinthu lexical mu kulemba ndi kulankhula.
• Mwayi mawu kuti amakulolani kulenga mayina atsopano kwa zinthu ndi zochitika.
• Kusintha chinenero cha makhalidwe.

Sayansi komanso kugwiritsa mungachite kuti osakaniza mawu pa magulu: ndi zamalankhulidwe ndi lexical.

njira mawu

Lexicology investigates kusankhidwa options. Izi amatanthauza njira zosiyanasiyana ndi njira kuwonjezera mawu. Izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chuma mkati mwa chinenero enieni, ndi nkhani ya mayunitsi ena lexical chinenero. Pali zotsatirazi njira kubwezeretsanso kayankhulidwe ka:

• Mawu mapangidwe - chilengedwe cha mawu atsopano.
• Kumangidwa matanthauzo atsopano mawu alipo: polysemy mfundo kutengerapo ndi ena.
• Education kulimbikira mawu.
• Sankakhala.

Zimene zimachitika ndi khalidwe la chinenero chilichonse, koma onsewa ndi makhalidwe awo ndi zinthu zapadera.

njira

Zosowa zawo lexicology amakonda njira kafukufuku ambiri chinenero. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Kufalitsa. Kodi udindo kudziŵa lexical mafelemu wagawo ndi chiwerengero cha makhalidwe ena.
• M'MALO. Amayesa chodabwitsa ofanana ndi yofanana ndi mawu.
• Chigawo njira. Kodi udindo pogawanikana pamawere mayunitsi lexical mu zigawo munthu ndi dongosolo awo onse chinkhoswe.
• Transformation. Ntchito ndondomeko ya mawu mapangidwe kuti mukuzidziwa chachikulu cha mawu.
• Statistical njira. Ntchito kudziwa pafupipafupi ntchito mayunitsi lexical, komanso kuti mawerengedwe a zamalankhulidwe, paradigmatic ndi ena mitundu ya kugwirizana.

mudziwe analandira mwa njira imeneyi, ntchito sayansi ena, monga Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, komanso nambala ya sayansi chikhalidwe.