Carboniferous nthawi

Mu nthawi Carboniferous (dzina lina - Carboniferous) ambiri m'dziko inkakhala awiri Africa chachikulu Gondwana ndi Laurasia. Mu nthawi oyambirira nyengo zinali paliponse otentha kapena subtropical. m'madera zikuluzikulu anali wotanganidwa ndi nyanja osaya. Yaikulu otsika a m'mbali mwa nyanja zigwa mowirikiza anasefukira ndi apo inakhazikitsidwa chithaphwi.

Mu nyengo iyi chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa kufalikira mofulumira mitengo Mumapezekanso mtengo. nkhalango amenewa anayamba Kupeleka Unyinji wa mpweya, ndipo posakhalitsa mpweya zili mu mlengalenga wafika msinkhu panopa. Ena mitengo kufika msinkhu wa mamita makumi asanu. Zomera amathamangira mpaka mofulumira kuti nyama nyama zonse zopanda mafupa, amene ankakhala mu nthaka, alibe nthawi kudya kuwola ndinso iwo. Chifukwa, zomera umakhala ndi zambiri.

Mu nthawi Carboniferous anayamba kupanga madipoziti peat. Mu m'madambo, iye akhumudwa analowa madzi, kupanga yaikulu madipoziti malasha. Chifukwa anthu Carboniferous zingabweretse khala ndi kutulutsa therefrom zinthu zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, malasha phula).

Mu Carboniferous dambo anali m'nkhalango ya horsetails ndi tsoka, ambiri mitengo yaikulu (kalabu ndere ndi sigillaria m'gulu). zinthu izi zinkayenda sing'anga malo kwa achule choyamba - krinodona ndi Ichthyostega kwa arthropods (akangaude, mphemvu, dragonflies meganeura).

Pa nthawi imeneyo, dziko inathetsedwa osati zomera, koma zamoyo zina. Choyamba, izo zikubwera kuchokera arthropods madzi, umene pambuyo pake wafunsira gulu la tizilombo. Popeza anayamba ulendo wake kudutsa dziko. Tsopano pali za miliyoni mitundu kudziwika kwa sayansi yamakono. Amanenera, pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi atatu asayansi ali koma kupeza.

Flora ndi zinyama za Carboniferous

Mu khala pa mapangidwe a malasha, amene anapanga chifukwa chakuti mitengo wagwa sanathe kuwola ndinso ndi kupita ku madzi. Kumeneko anayamba inasanduka peat ndi malasha. Pakati pa zomera panthawiyo chogwidwa ndi Mumapezekanso mpaka mamita makumi asanu ndi masamba yaitali kuposa mita. Koma mitengo anakula yaikulu club ndere ndi horsetails. Mitengo anali losaya kwambiri mizu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, padziko lonse chosaneneka thunthu. mtengo uwu linakhathamira ndi ofunda. Mumapezekanso anafika kutalika kwa mitengo ano. Iwo sakanakhoza unalipo mu chilengedwe chinyezi. Mu nthawi Carboniferous pali woyamba zomera mbewu.

A zambiri zithaphwi ndi zinkapezeka m'madzi kukhala abwino malo kuswana kwa achule oyambirira ndi tizilombo ambirimbiri. poyamba akangaude. Pakati pa mitengo wamtali ndi mbalame agulugufe yaikulu, zouluka mphemvu, mayflies ndi dragonflies. The zomera pang'onopang'ono kuvunda, millipedes chimphona moyo (centipede ndi millipedes). Achule maso anali oumbidwa ndi kuikidwa pamwamba pa lathyathyathya, mutu waukulu. Zimenezi zinathandiza arthropods amagwira chakudya. Evolution posachedwa spawned achule chimphona (mpaka mamita asanu m'litali), komanso zolengedwa popanda miyendo, amatikumbutsa njoka ano. zamoyo Large amafuna kupitirizabe kusaka madzi, ndi yaing'ono anzawo pang'onopang'ono anasamukira kumtunda lapansi.

Pali zokwawa choyamba - microsauria ooneka ngati abuluzi ang'ono ndi mano lalifupi ndi lakuthwa, iwo anaswa chimakwirira zovuta tizilombo. khungu lawo ali ndi chinyezi permeable ndipo anawapatsa mwayi kuti moyo wawo kunja Madamu ndi. Ndi kuwadyetsa iwo anali zambiri: centipedes, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo ambiri. Mu zokwawa pang'onopang'ono palibe kubwerera ku madzi kuikira mazira. Iwo anayamba kuikira mazira mu chipolopolo leathery. Ana makope ka makolo awo.