Cherry maula mitundu kwa chapakati Russia

Monga wachibale wa maula ndi chitumbuwa maula kwa iwowa ali ndi kukana apamwamba kuti chilala. Komabe, pa ndime ndi kuti iye alibe hardiness zokwanira kukula mu mawonekedwe kuthengo mu nyengo frosty.

mbiri chikhalidwe

Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ndi nthawi yoyamba kulima chipatso ichi inayamba mu Armenia. Ndiye nthuza anayamba pang'onopang'ono linafalikira m'madera chikhalidwe wakale ulimi - mu zigawo Iran ndi Asia Minor ambiri Caucasus. Pa zofukulidwa ikuchitika Nyanja Black - gombe la Crimea ndi Caucasus - miyala Akatswiri apeza zipatso, magwero a limene limafotokoza za zana lachisanu BC. Zinali maula.

zambiri

Izi yaitali Mipikisano unayambika mtengo ndi nthambi amphamvu yaminga nthawizina kufika msinkhu wa mamita khumi. Ena zosiyanasiyana chitumbuwa maula - ndi chitsamba chilichonse ndi mphukira woonda wooneka wobiriwira. Maluwa mbewu imeneyi - loyera kapena pinki - osakwatira. chitumbuwa maula mitundu kudzikonda mungu pachiyambi kusintha mofulumira, ndipo patatha zaka khumi, mlingo wa kukula kwambiri yafupika. The mitengo ndi zitsamba ayamba kupanga nsonga ndi nthambi overgrowing. Ichi ndi chifukwa kudzutsidwa kwa masamba matalala.

M'nthawi ya zomera fruiting a m'banja limeneli, kuphatikizapo mitundu chitumbuwa maula kwa gulu pakati, chimadza kokha pa chaka chachiwiri kapena chachinayi mutabzala. Maluwa a kumayamba wake, malingana ndi dera m'ma May, ndipo kenako. Mwachitsanzo, maula kuti zone pakati dziko lathu umabala masamba imodzi ndi masamba.

Kucha zikuchitika m'zigawo kum'mwera mu June, ndipo udzakhala mpaka chiyambi cha October - malingana ndi mawonekedwe ndipo zosiyanasiyana. zipatso ndi drupe. The mizu ya chikhalidwe munda osaya, kotero mbewu zingabzalidwe ndi m'madera pali moyandikana wapamtima - chimodzi ndi theka mamita - pansi. Ngakhale kuti mitundu kum'mwera kwa chitumbuwa maula oyambirira zokwanira chilala zosagwira, si yozizira-Hardy.

kusankha

Nthuza ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zovuta m'kati kudutsa osiyana mitundu ya nthuza. Chifukwa ichi zimaonetsa akatswiri anakwanitsa kuthetsa mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chitumbuwa mitundu maula munalengedwa chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ndipo ngakhale mu North, amene ali apamwamba katundu dziphunzitsiranso kuti mavuto aliko. Komanso, obereketsa anakwanitsa zimagwirizizirana subspecies osiyana angapo makhalidwe wapatali kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi makhalidwe monga hardiness mkulu ndi lalikulu-fruited, abwino zipatso, ndi zina zotero. D.

mitundu yozizira-Hardy

Obereketsa adakali ntchito pa chilengedwe cha mitundu yatsopano ya mtundu wa mbewu zipatso. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zisakuyenda nazo mitundu zokwanira "vishnenosnoy maula", pali ngakhale mitundu yozizira-Hardy wa chitumbuwa maula kwa gulu pakati - onse Russian m'madera frosts aakulu sizachilendo. Mwa ubwino wa chikhalidwe akatswiri kuitana monga zofuna zake otsika pa nthaka ya chonde ya kapangidwe nthaka, maonekedwe oyambirira a zipatso, ndithudi, mkulu zokolola. makhalidwe onsewa zinachititsa kuti kutchuka kwa zomera, koma chifukwa lero pafupifupi ena wamba munda maula.

Kukula mu Russia chapakati latsopano mitundu yozizira-Hardy chaonekera zikomo zotheka chakuti pali mitundu chotero, chomwe ndi mwayi chifukwa mitundu ina ya zipatso mwala. Pankhaniyi, poyamba, ochepa ankakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka anatengera mbewu izi pa mavuto a zolimbitsa chokhala ndi nyengo.

"Russian maula"

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza Crimea Katswiriyu G. Eremin anali anawoloka kale hybrid maula ndi chisanu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo. Chifukwa, iwo analenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi katundu chidwi. Onse anali ogwirizana banja lina lotchedwa "Russian kukhetsa."

The mitundu yabwino ya chitumbuwa maula kwa chapakati Russia ndi zigawo ili kumpoto bwino analekerera makumi awiri pansipa. Iwo ndi dzuwa lomwelo monga kholo lawo. Kukoma ndi kukula kwa zipatso za cultivars izi anawoloka ofanana kwambiri maula kum'mwera. Hybrids, mamembala a gulu, lero pali dazeni mitundu zoposa zitatu.

Makhalidwe a mitundu yatsopano

Anawoloka kwa kukula mu zikhalidwe za aakulu Russian frosts subspecies "nthuza Russian" ndi maonekedwe oyambirira a zipatso. fruiting awo ikuyamba pa chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu, kenako pali chaka chilichonse. Zokolola, amene amakhala ndi ngati chikhalidwe hybrid ndi mkulu mokwanira. Maula, kubzala ndi kusamalira mu msewu pakati pa zomwe si makamaka zosiyana ndi zimene kholo kum'mwera Mwachitsanzo, mu dela la mzinda, ndi mtengo uliwonse zingabweretse kuchokera makilogalamu makumi awiri kuti makumi asanu zipatso zokoma yowutsa mudyo.

Zachisangalalo hybrid anawoloka mitundu - za makumi awiri. Komanso latsopano "Russian maula" kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mitundu zipatso.

The akatswiri zindikirani chinthu china khalidwe la kulungamitsa kulima chitumbuwa maula mu zone pakati pa dziko lathu mu kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo, kumene mu miyezi yozizira frosts mwakhama ndi thaws Nthawi zambiri mzake, zomera zimachokeradi podoprevaniya muzu kolala. Malinga ndi kunena kwa wamaluwa odziwa, ndi amtengo wapatali kwambiri kwa kumezanitsa, ndi mwini-mizu chikhalidwe cha wobala zipatso. Ichi chinali mtsutso yomaliza chakuti panali minda maula ambiri zigawo chapakati ku Ulaya la Russia.

Kubzala ndi Care

Mu lamba pakati pa dziko kuwala kukoma chikhalidwe sungazimitsidwe mu malo amdima. Zimaswana mitundu hybrid a chitumbuwa maula makamaka ndi kumezetsanitsa - ikuphukira ndipo, nthawi zina, mafupa kapena wobiriwira, pang'ono zake cuttings. wamaluwa amakonda osiyana ndi kumuika ndi muzu kukula.

Pamene kukula mbande ya maula anachokera ku cuttings wobiriwira zake, Kuyika iyenera kuchitikira m'mikhalidwe n'kotheka kulenga chifunga yokumba, mmene chisanadze kuwachitira ndi stimulators kukula.

Nthawi yabwino chifukwa chodzala chitumbuwa maula minda pakati gulu Russia ndi oyambirira kasupe mwamsanga ngati chipale chimasungunula. Anachedwa kuti anaikidwa pansi zinthu kubzala sayenera kukhala, chifukwa akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti Mmera wonse, umene wayamba kale kukula ndipo ali ndi masamba kutupa, izo umapulumuka poipa. Mu autumn, ndondomeko ndi osafunika chifukwa zinthu zokhudza chikhalidwe cha chisanu.

Mtunda pakati ankafika maenje ayenera kukhala ku mamita atatu ndi asanu. Izo zimatengera mtundu wanji wa maula mitundu chitumbuwa amalimidwa ndi momwe iwo apanga korona. zosiyanasiyana "Russian maula" samobesplodny, choncho akufunika mungu oyandikana. Zimenezi zingakhale mitundu monga "mpira wofiira", "maonekedwe oyambirira" ndipo T. D.

Mbewu ndi tizilombo

kuda izi mu zigawo kum'mwera akula mamita khumi, pamene maula chapakati Russia, ngakhale osauka mofulumira, koma msinkhu wake pazipita - 5-6 mamita Komabe, tiyenera ikuchitika mosalekeza yokonza, umene kupita kwa decimation ya .. Ngati kuchotsedwa amphamvu nthambi angadwale kukula vegetative korona, koma zidzachitika likuvutika zokolola.

Nthuza ngakhale pang'ono anakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga Komabe, zikhoza kukantha wakuda kapena mkuwa borers, maula kapena prozhorka sawfly ndi apulo Jose lonse. Choncho, nthawi ndi nthawi mu munda muyenera kuchita zodzitetezera. Posankha nthaka chitumbuwa maula mitundu lapakati Russia ndi osati chabe. Iwo akhoza ngakhale kukula ndi kubala zipatso, pamene ena zipatso mwala adzakhala omangika ndi anakana mbewu. Chinthu chachikulu - kusankha mtundu lamanja, ndiye munda pachimake ndi zokomera zake zokoma nthuza Kumwera nthuza Belle.

Mayeso kwa gulu pakati

Feedback anthu amene ali kale anakwanitsa kuvala malo ake kuti "Russian kuda", makamaka okhala Moscow, zikusonyeza kuti chikhalidwe bwino kulekerera frosts kwambiri. chakuti nthuza akhala unasiya kukhala chikhalidwe kum'mwera, adakondweretsa ambiri.

wamaluwa odziwa amakonda kukula hybrids kuti zichokera okwerera experimental mu Crimea Institute zomera Makampani. Iwo wolemekezeka osati zokolola mkulu, ndi kuchuluka yozizira hardiness, koma tizirombo ndi kusamvera matenda. mitundu yambiri yodziwika ndi nthawi anatambasula wa kusasitsa. Oyambirira kukhwima pamodzi ndi chitumbuwa mochedwa. hybrids ambiri slaboroslye, kotero wamaluwa chikondwerero osati chomasuka kuwasamalira, komanso omasuka kukolola.

"Timiryazevskaya"

The ambiri mitundu yozizira-Hardy akhoza kukhala m'gulu ambiri. "Traveler" - ndi nthawi oyambirira yakucha ndi zipatso pafupifupi masekeli mpaka magalamu makumi atatu. mtengo ali ndi kukula sing'anga ndi avareji korona osalimba. Zima hardiness wa zosiyanasiyana ndi kulolerana apamwamba pafupifupi chilala. "Traveler" ndi mtengo uliwonse zingabweretse, m'mikhalidwe yabwino kwa makilogalamu makumi asanu chitumbuwa maula lokoma wowawasa kukoma.

Kalasi "Ruby" Akatswiri amanena kuti mitundu ndi pafupifupi nthawi yakucha. Iye ali mdima wofiira zipatso, yowutsa mudyo zamkati. Zima hardiness wa chitumbuwa maula ndi mkulu.

"Nyenyezi Kuban" amatanthauza gawo la Middle-samoplodnye maganizo wopereka zipatso zazikulu ndi yowutsa mudyo zamkati CHIKWANGWANI. Chakudya cha chikasu maula wokoma ndi wowawasa. Bone ndi sanasiyane. The zipatso za mtundu umenewu nthawi zambiri ntchito kumalongeza. mtengo ndi tayala chonse korona, izo slaboroslyh ndi fruiting akuyamba pa chaka wachitatu kapena wachinayi.

Nthuza "Timiryazeskaya" analandira chifukwa cha lotseguka kubereketsa zomera "Kuban nyenyezi" mu Moscow ulimi Academy mu 1991. Iwo ali nyengo m'banda ya kupsa ndi mkulu yozizira hardiness. Great kwa Russian pakati gulu. "Timiryazevskaya" ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, ndi zipatso pafupifupi maonekedwe oyambirira, samobesplodna. Kulawa zipatso zosiyanasiyana uyu wa lokoma ndi wowawasa, amagwirizana. Small fupa mosavuta anapambulwa.

Mitundu ina yambiri monga "Msukuti Gold", "Cleopatra", "Nesmeyana", "Mara", "Apereke kwa Saint-Petersburg" ndi zina zotero. E., Kodi kwenikweni kutalika pafupifupi ndi lonse mapeto kapena korona dropdown. nthambi kufalikira. Ambiri a iwo, mwachitsanzo, maula chomwecho "Msukuti Gold", "Jari", "Pramen" ndi zina zotero. E., Kodi oyambirira kukhwima. Zipatso kwambiri afike kwa magalamu makumi atatu, wokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo. Ngakhale zokolola za wotsika - ndi mtengo uliwonse kuti makilogalamu makumi - izi sukulu alandira zambiri kutchuka chifukwa makhalidwe monga mkulu chisanu kukana. Komanso, pafupifupi mitundu ya "Russian maula" simukhala odwala matenda a mafangasi.

zothandiza zimatha

Cherry maula mitundu mitundu hybrid amasiyana osati mtundu komanso kukula ndi kukoma. Iwo akhoza kukhala mwina Amber woongoka pinki, ndi lalanje ndi mdima wofiirira, ngakhale variegated. Ku mtundu wa zipatso amadalira mankhwala ake zikuchokera: chikasu asidi zambiri citric ndi shuga, ndi mu mdima kwambiri wa pectin. kukoma chimaonetsera lokoma, tart ndi uchi-flavored ndi mwamphamvu acidic.

Mnofu wa chipatso chitumbuwa maula ndi wakuda ndi wodzala. Bone, monga ulamuliro, mitundu yambiri anapambulwa mosavuta.

The maula zipatso kapena "Russian maula" lili peresenti khumi a shuga, mpaka asanu ndi awiri - organic zidulo, pafupifupi 1.5% - pectin ndi tannins, asafe ndi mchere zinthu, ambiri carotene ndi mavitamini C, B, A, B2, E , PP. M'mbeu phata pafupifupi theka la anthu - ndi mafuta, khalidwe ili pafupi kwambiri amondi lapansi.

Kuchokera zamkati wa chitumbuwa maula zipatso zambiri yophika kupanikizana ndi kupanikizana, marmalade ndi kuphika marshmallows, ntchito monga zokometsera kwa mbale. Zipatso zakumwa, madzi, cordials, vinyo, odzola - ". Nthuza Russian" zonse izi zikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera Komanso, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga achire kapena prophylactic. Akukhulupirira kuti zipatso za kwambiri chitumbuwa maula ndi hypovitaminosis, ndi kuti magawowa matenda enaake ophwanya m'thupi. Iwo zotchulidwa monga prophylaxis odwala matenda oopsa n'kofunika, TB kapena chibayo. Chifukwa ntchito izi kuti kapangidwe kake mankhwala alycha timapitiriza permeability mu mitsempha ya magazi.

Komanso, kusiyana waukulu ku maula maula chitumbuwa ndi kuti ali bwino kuyima pa mtengo, pafupifupi kugwa akakhwima. Ndipo chifukwa mtengo pawokha ndi otsika, ndiye kunyenga iwo sikovuta. Ngati zokolola ngakhale pamaso kucha ndi chomaliza kupeza achilendo zosiyanasiyana mtundu, ali bwino zipse mu malo ozizira mpweya wokwanira. kuphatikiza wina - n'zosavuta kunyamula ndi yaitali alumali moyo chitumbuwa maula.