Chikondwerero "Oktoberfest" mu Germany: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Lotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse alendo kopita kumapeto September - oyambirira October ndi Munich, kumene chaka chilichonse kubwera anthu oposa 6 chikondwerero "Oktoberfest". Chikondwerero mowa, zaka zoposa 200 chotchuka kwambiri pakati mafani kumwa. "Oktoberfest" mu Germany kunakopa ngati khumi zapitazi ndipo zonse pachikhalidwe mu Guinness Book kukhala chochitika padziko lonse lapansi a dongosolo amenewa.

maholide awiri - miyambo awiri

Mbiri ya moŵa ku Bavaria ndi zogwirizana ndi banja lachifumu, kamodzi kulamulira kuti m'mphepete. oimira Wittelsbach ankaona ngati ufulu wawo osati kumvetsa moŵa umakhala, komanso chinkhoswe pa ulimi wake. Woyamba achifumu yofululira moŵa linatsegulidwa kumbuyo mu 1260 ku Munich, likulu la Bavaria, Duke Ludwig kwambiri. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 19, panali 70 zomera kupanga kumwa, m'manja mwa banja lachifumu.

Mmodzi wa mafumu (Duke William 4) mu 1516 ngakhale linakhazikitsa lamulo za chiyero cha chakudya, zomwe mpaka 1906 anali akuchita basi pa nthaka Bavarian, koma ndiye kufalikira mu Germany. Chifukwa chotero maganizo kwambiri kwa dziko chakumwa German mowa ndi chimodzi cha zabwino mu dziko.

Bavarians bwino osati miyambo ya kupanga mowa, komanso mowa ake, ngakhale anali mu mbiri yawo nthawi imene amphamvu m'dera vinyo aithamangitse foamy chakumwa ndi chiwerengero cha mowa.

Nthawi zina lamulo limodzi akhoza kusintha udindo wa "zolemera" wa mbiri. Izi zinachitika pamene lamulo linasindikizidwa ubwino mowa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, zimene zinachititsa kuti ponso osati kupanga komanso mowa. Ngati pamaso pa Bavarians alternated vinyo ndi mowa, kuyambira umwana lamulo posachedwapa wakhala mtengo kuti ntchito zake chawonjezeka mpaka malita 500 pa munthu pa chaka.

anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa kuti "Oktoberfest" mu Germany - ndi si mowa chikondwerero. N'kofunika kwa Germany amphamvu mowa nyengo, zomwe imagwera pa Lenti.

Mbiri yake inayamba mu agulupa ya agulupa - paulantsev amene yophika kwa zosowa zawo. Mbiri ya mowa chokoma anagulitsa padziko m'mphepete, koma lamulo analetsa Chimonko kugulitsa chakumwa chawo, kuti akhala akumwa mowa nokha pamaso Lenti. Only mu 1780 anali chilolezo malonda mowa ndi. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa mwambo kwa masabata 2 kukondwerera amphamvu mowa chikondwerero pa phiri Nockherberg ku Munich.

Mbiri ya chikondwerero mowa

Holide "Oktoberfest" mu Germany kunayamba 1810, pamene tsogolo Korol Lyudvig 1 anaganiza ambiri chikondwerero ukwati wake ndi Mfumukazi Therese la Saxony. Kuti tichite zimenezi, dambo mazana a mbiya ya mowa kwa anthu ndi matebulo munali anauka pa mzinda wa Munich. Anthu ankakonda holide kwambiri anaganiza kuti anene chaka chotsatira, ndiyeno anali ndi udindo kukwaniritsa za akuluakulu a mzinda.

Today Theresienwiese - linali lalikulu pafupi siteshoni mu Munich akale. Pachaka mowa mwambo linathyoka lokha pa miliri ndi ntchito asilikali, monga mu 1854 1873 motero chifukwa kolera.

Ndinagwira ngati nthawi yoyamba, kumayambiriro October, koma kuyambira 1904 kuti anauziridwa kuti mapeto a September, ngakhale mutu anachoka sichinasinthe. Mu nthawi yathu, zikuyamba Loweruka wachitatu wa September ndi kumatenga masiku 16.

Khamu la chikondwererocho

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 19 pa dambo Theresa ku Munich amakuonani mwambo ndiponso malo anayamba kuchititsa madyerero apachaka "Oktoberfest". Germany kunali kopindulitsa kulimbikitsa yofululira moŵa Bavarian, pakuti zinthu zimene anthu ankayenda osati kudutsa dziko komanso ochokera m'mayiko. Germany achilendo amve ndi luso, choncho mu dambo yaikulu hema kumene, kuwonjezera pa matebulo ndi mabenchi zinamangidwa nsanja yovina ndipo boling'i makwalala.

Chinachake Patapita zosangalatsa zonse zinalengedwa kunja mahema, monga anthu amene akufuna kukhala ndi mowa m'deralo chaka chilichonse umakhala ndi zambiri. Kupanda kutero, pafupifupi mofanana kumbuyo mu 1886 pamene anachita magetsi. Younikira kampani zikugwira bambo Einstein, ndipo kuti Albert pang'ono panokha babu ndi tili m'mavuto mu hema Shottenhammelya yofululira moŵa.

Woyamba ndi chihema chachikulu anthu 12 000 anakhazikitsidwa mu 1913, umene panthawi imeneyo unali chochitika zosaneneka. Mu nthawi yathu m'dera kuyika 14 m'mahema pamodzi ndi mphamvu ya mipando 10 000 ndipo 15 mahema kochepa kwa anthu 1000.

ngwazi ya mwambowu

The chakumwa chachikulu pa chikondwerero ndi mowa zinachitika ndi moŵa Munich a. mankhwala awo ayenera kutsatira mfundo mu 1487 (lofalitsidwa ndi Munich malamulo mowa chiyero) ndi 1516 (Watsimikiza pa chiyero cha mankhwala), kotero, kuyambira mu March, pa holide Brew moŵa umakhala wapadera.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi zosiyanasiyana moŵa monga "Augustiner", "Paulaner", "Levenbroy" ndi ena. mowa ndi zinachitika mogwirizana ndi lamulo lakale, chimene mu kapangidwe kake ayenera kupezeka chabe anakweranso, balere chimera, yisiti ndi madzi. Alendo Munich, pamene ali "Oktoberfest" mu Germany akhoza kuyesa foamy kumwa, amene ali ndi kukoma yomweyo ndi mphamvu (5.8 - 6.3%) monga pa chikondwerero loyamba zaka zoposa 200 zapitazo.

Kumene, masiku ano Ofulula moŵa mochenjera ndi kulenga zakumwa zogulitsa ndi zambiri zosakaniza, koma iwo sali pa tchuthi.

Pa chikondwerero "Oktoberfest" mu Germany mu zaka chiwerengero cha mowa aledzera anabwera pafupifupi 70,000 hectoliters vinyo - mpaka malita 27 000 (zikhoza nazo mu hema vinyo) ndi shampeni - mikunda 20 000 (palinso hema osiyana izo) . The mtengo avareji lita makapu (misa), koma zedi azitumikira mowa kwa "Oktoberfest", ndalama 10 €. Popeza mitundu aliyense hema 6 chabe, ndiye masabata 2 la chikondwererocho, ndipo mukhoza kupeza mozungulira chihema chokumanako zonse popanda mavuto ambiri thanzi lanu chikwama.

800 zimbudzi ntchito alendo chikondwerero, n'zochititsatu madokotala ena kuthandiza anthu amene sanali kuwerengera mphamvu.

kuchiza

Bavarian dziko zakudya ndi mbali yofunika ya chikondwerero mowa. Pali kale anatumikira sausages nkhumba, soseji nkhuku, nkhumba knuckle, nyama pa mafupa ndi nsomba. mbale Special ndi soseji Boar zakutchire, agwape ndi roe gwape.

Chakudya akhoza kusangalala nalo mahema mowa ndi kukopedwa pa kiosks wapadera. A akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi kwa moŵa kuyitanitsa pretzels ndi kuyanika. The onenepa nsomba ngakhale kugula nsomba zouma, ngakhale sali pogulitsira zakudya mwambo mowa ndi Germany.

Choyamba zharilnya nkhuku anali ankachitika ku chikondwerero Bavarian mu 1881, ndipo lero awo zemenyayut grills ano.

perete

Kuyambira 1887, chikondwerero chimayamba ndi chionetsero cha eni mahema. mwambo anayamba pamene Ofulula moŵa woyamba ndi eni lachisangalalo pamodzi nadza ku Theresienwiese ndi mzati lalikulu.

Popeza chokongoletsedwa ngolo kukokedwa ndi mahatchi anayi kapena asanu lotengeka ng'oma ndi moŵa umakhala kuti aziwapatsa mu hema. Iwo anatsatira ndi eni ndiponso anthu ogwira ntchito yofululira moŵa, ndipo onse limodzi ndi kusewera wa yopuma azipereka.

Mwambowu umayamba miyambo Never msomali mpopi mu mbiya pa 12 koloko masana. mwambo amachita Ambuye Meya wa mzinda. Pambuyo mbiya woyamba ndi lotseguka, onse eni mahema mukhoza kuyamba kugulitsa mowa ndi bottling.

Kwambiri njuga Bavarians bettors, mmene zikoti zambiri meya Pakufunika kanthu kutsegula mbiya. Choncho, chotsatira akuti ndi koipa mu 1950, pamene 19 akatemera zinalengedwa, ndi bwino - mu 2006, pamene mbiya linatsegulidwa ndi kumenya koyamba.

Entertainment ndi Zosangalatsa

Mu zaka za m'ma 20, "Oktoberfest" mu Germany anali limodzi ndi maganizo chodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1901, ophunzira onse a chikondwererochi kuonetsa m'mudzi wa mtundu wa Bedouin ndi anthu ake. Folk kuvina, kuponya muvi ndi uta, boling'i ndi roundabouts - ndicho zosangalatsa zaka zonse izo.

Masiku ano, alendo amasangalala ndi carousel akale, umene wakhala ukugwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 80, komanso kudula-m'mphepete. Anthu ambiri mwa iwo ndi chosakhazikika ulendo ndi maulendo a amayesetsa osiyana.

Okonda kutalika amafuna mafoni nsanja kutalika 66 m, umene ndi chithumwa akhoza omasuka kugwa pa liwiro la 79 km / h. Ferris gudumu limakupatsani kuona chikondwerero lonse kuchokera ndege mbalame.

Nthata masewera aja, kumvera maholide ndi 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, ali otchuka kwambiri mwa anthu achikulire ndi ana.

Komanso, alendo kuvina, kuwombera uta ndi crossbow, kapena kutenga mbali misonkhano ambiri. Maulo, aliyense wa mahema amapereka zosangalatsa chidwi: mu umodzi - ndi zoimbaimba, thanthwe ndi mayina, mu zina - nyimbo wowerengeka ndi kuvina.

gulu la chikondwererocho

perete zovala - ndi mwambo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba unachitikira mu 1835 ndipo anadzipereka ku ukwati siliva wa Ludwig ndi Therese la Saxony 1. Ulendo woyamba anali m'malo wodzichepetsa, koma nthawi yathu iwo anagwirapo ntchito oposa 8 000 anthu, zovala dziko. Kumanda zikuchitika pa chikondwerero loyamba Sunday.

Mwa ophunzira a chikondwerero - boma Bavarian ndi mamembala a Munich Council City, oimira zosiyanasiyana kusaka ndi kuwombera zibonga, oketsra ndi tchuthi wakwera. Kumanda chikuchitika 7 km, malinga ndi miyambo ya izo walunjika ndi mwana.

Pakali pano, izo chimatengedwa ngati waukulu mu dziko pakati pa zochitika zofanana.

alendo a chikondwerero

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 70% ya alendo - izo Bavarians ndi Germany, ndi zina - ndi alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko. Pa tchuthi umenewu ndi kumpanga weniweni mungathe kumva Italy, Greek, English, Swedish, Norway, Chirasha, Chiyukireniya chinenero ndipo ngakhale ambiri mowa okonda ochokera m'mayiko ena.

Pa chikondwerero, palibe milandu ndewu kapena kusonyeza mokwiya iliyonse, monga anthu amene abwera kuno, alola tchuthi lenileni, amene akuyembekezeka kwa chaka. Pali nthawizonse kuseka ndi maganizo wochezeka. Amatero Germany tchuthi "Oktoberfest".

"Oktoberfest" mu Moscow

A mwambo watsopano unachokera mu Russia. Tsopano umachitika "Oktoberfest" pa German ofesi ya kazembe. Pakhomo umenewu ndi amalipiritsa, koma matikiti agulitsa yomweyo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chidwi chachikulu cha Muscovites chikhalidwe German, koma - mowa wabwino ndi zokoma zakudya Bavarian.

Mwachitsanzo, "Oktoberfest" (German akazembe) mu 2016 panafika anthu oposa 1,000. Holide zinachitika 16-17 September, ndipo m'masiku amenewo 2 alendo anali kuyembekezera Bavarian mowa, chakudya, Raffles ndi mphatso. Ana ntchito animators ndi makolo awo ankayembekezera konsati wa Munich amasonyeza gulu.

Motero anapambana "Oktoberfest" pa German ofesi ya kazembe ku Moscow.