Chiphunzitso Basic za chiyambi cha boma, yakale masiku ano

Chiphunzitso cha State - kungoganizira kufotokoza zimayambitsa ndi mavuto a boma, tanthauzo lake ndi chikhalidwe cha kusintha. Anthu kwa nthawi yaitali kuganiza za zimene kwenikweni zodabwitsazi, chimene chimafuna mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a gulu chikhalidwe.

The zifukwa chiyambi cha boma lotchedwa osiyana kwambiri, kuchokera wosangalatsa kuchepetsa zonse zochita wophweka maganizo. Kusiyana kumeneku kwa malingaliro ndi chifukwa, osalephera, amene analemba kuwunika zotengera malingaliridwe.
Mu sayansi yamakono, pali zotsatirazi chiphunzitso yaikulu ya anayambira amati:

1. Auzimu (zamulungu) chiphunzitso. mphamvu imene wolamulira wa mphamvu kwambiri, palibe chikaiko. Mulungu analenga anthu ndi analenga mtundu wa mphamvu pa iwo, kotero palibe kanthu momwe ankhanza kungakhale, nzika sanayenerere kutsutsana. Mfundo oyambirira anauka kwa zikhulupiriro m'nthano ndi achipembedzo.

2. Chiphunzitso banjalo. Yopangidwa ndi akale Greek wasayansi ndi nzeru zapamwamba Aristotle. Limati kuti anthu - banja lalikulu, kumene wolamulira (bambo) amasamalira anthu ake (ana), kapena kuwalanga chifukwa cha kusamvera.

3. Contractual chiphunzitso. Izo chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 4. BC. e. ku Greece, oyambitsa - sukulu ya Sophists ndi Aepikureya. Chiphunzitsochi amakana linauziridwa ndi Mulungu wa zida boma ndi anafotokoza "njira ya anatengera" onse: posinthanitsa ndi wosangalala kufunika choyamba cha chitetezo chakudya, ndi kugona mtendere, anthu anataya ufulu wawo mphamvu ya olamulira.

4. Chiphunzitso organic. Akuyerekeza kapangidwe ka boma ndi dongosolo la chamoyo wamoyo, kumene nzika - maselo, ndipo zimadalira iwo, kodi ntchito yonse
dongosolo. Nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri zikuchikazi - H. Spencer - ankakhulupirira kuti limati zamakono - ndi mankhwala a kusankha zamoyo, zimene zinaonetseratu viability wa akapolo anzawo akale.

5. Chiphunzitso chiwawa. States zimachitika chifukwa cha nkhondo ndipo phindu, kumene mafuko anagonjetsa amakhala ukapolo kalasi ndi pobedivshaya- lalikulu. chiphunzitso Basic za chiyambi cha boma kudzera chiwawa cholinga E.Dyuringom, L.Gumplovskim, K.Kautskim.

6. chiphunzitso maganizo. Ananena kuti boma ndi malamulo adanyamuka chifukwa peculiarities wa psyche anthu pamafunika kuyang'aniridwa. Anayambitsa - Freud - anafotokoza kufunika kwa izi yophiphiritsira: kamodzi pa chiyambi cha ana anthu anapha kholo lawo wankhanza kulemetsa zilakolako zawo kugonana. Yotengeka ndi mphamvu ya kupalamula, iwo analenga Mulungu, ndi olamulira ndi dongosolo la gulu primal linakhalanso kachiwiri. Mwa njira, ndi zina chiphunzitso chachikulu cha magwero a boma samakana mbali maganizo, koma sanalowe kufunika kwambiri.

7. Chiphunzitso cha mitundu lochitira. Akufotokoza zikamera wa kukhazikika kuti mafuko onse poyamba ogaŵikana akapolo ndi akapolo. Chiphunzitsochi wa Nazi pofuna kuti zoopsa, "chachiwiri kalasi" anthu.

8. Chiphunzitso Marxist. Akufotokoza maonekedwe a boma pa zifukwa zachuma: kugawira ntchito zinachititsa kuti zikamera a makalasi ndi chuma payekha, ndipo monga Motero, panali kufunika kuteteza chuma anasonkhanitsa.

Atamuyesa chiphunzitso zoyambirira za chiyambi cha boma, akhoza kutsutsa kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo, ngati iwo ali ndi maziko ndithu ndipo zinachitikadi.