Choonadi nthanthi ndi osocheretsa

Leni funso la epistemology

Limodzi mwa mavuto amene dziko ndi zofunika kwambiri lero ndi nkhani ya choonadi. Chidziwitso chake - mmodzi wa m'magazini ofunika a epistemology.

Asayansi ambiri, ndiyesa funso la choonadi nzeru za anthu, kutsatira mfundo zachikhalidwe cha choonadi. Magwero ake tingawapeze ngakhale ziphunzitso za Aristotle, iwo zochokera chakuti chidziwitso cha lolingana chinthu, zenizeni, zenizeni.

Kudziŵa munthu osati nawo mapangidwe a chidziwitso, koma limaperekanso iye ziyenera kaya ndi Sikoyenera, kaya chikhale chofunika kapena zomveka. Koma mtundu waukulu ziyenera akutumikira kuwunika poyamba awiri - choonadi ndi bodza. Choncho, choonadi cha nzeru si chinthu kapena chinthu, ndi kudziwa zinthu zimenezi ndi zinthu.

mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya chiphunzitso cha choonadi nthanthi

Cholinga cha zonse mitundu ya chidziwitso ndi chowonadi. Komabe, tisaiwale, choonadi ndi cholakwika mu nzeru ya kalekale pamodzi, monga anzake zonse. Choncho, zimakhala kutsogolera chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso. Pansi chinyengo cha ayenera kumvetsa nzeru, zomwe si zizigwirizana chabe ndipo alibe lifanane ndi izo. Choonadi nzeru za anthu, m'malo mwake, mogwirizana ndi chabe ndipo limafanana ndi izo.

Tikumbukenso kuti chiphunzitso cha choonadi nzeru ali njira ziwiri - Agiriki ndi Wachiwiri-zachikhalidwe.

Njira chakale zikuphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi:

- makalata (amapereka lingaliro ndi zenizeni anakumana ndi maganizo chikugwirizana ndi chowonadi);

- odalirika (akuimira zikhulupiriro kwambiri kapena mtheradi kukhulupirira mphamvu);

- zamalankhulidwe (chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mawu pa mawu zamalankhulidwe ndi chododometsa, loletsa pa tanthauzo la choonadi chiphunzitsochi);

- chiphunzitso choonadi nzeru monga umboni (choonadi ndi view wowala bwino);

- chiphunzitso cha choonadi chokuchitikirani chimene watsimikizira.

Njira neoclassical amapereka lingaliro loterolo:

- wanzeru chiphunzitso (ndi mphamvu ndi phindu la chidziwitso);

- ochiritsira (Choonadi Chifukwa cha pangano);

- Mgwirizano chiphunzitso (choonadi amachita ngati chidziwitso coherent).

Kudziwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa choonadi ndi cholakwika

choonadi ndi mfundo zokwanira za chinthu. Iwo akamagwira kumvetsa - laluntha kapena chipangizo - kapena mwa uthenga kumvetsa izi. Iwo yodziwika ndi choonadi mu nzeru pamaso pa lodalirika ake. Choncho, akhoza kutsutsa kuti choonadi chenicheni zotengera malingaliridwe.

Koma popanda lotayirira komanso zolakwa za anthu okha nthawi zina kwambiri n'zotheka kudziwa choonadi. Kusokeretsa - ndicho kudziwa kuti si zizigwirizana zenizeni ndi sangakhoze analandira oona. Gwero la kusokera weniweni, chimasonyeza zenizeni cholinga.

Mu sayansi kudziwa kugunda kumachitika pakati pa malingaliro osiyana ndi zikhulupiriro. Iwo akhoza kukhala zolakwika, ndi odalirika. sayansi, monga ulamuliro, ndi wachibale. Chifukwa choonadi nthanthi ndi mbiri yakale: chinthu kudziwa konse wotopa. Iye amatha kusintha, kuti makhalidwe osiyana ndi wopandamalire chiwerengero cha ubale ndi zonse kuti isawonongeke.

Choncho, choonadi ndi cholakwika mwa nzeru zofanana ndi pa nthawi yomweyo osiyana.

kufanana awo kwagona kuti, ngati muzikangana ina sangaonekerenso popanda wina ndi mzake. Choonadi - okwanira, njira yabwino yoganizira gulu; chinyengo ndi chinyezimiro olakwika njira.

Komanso, tingathe ankanena kuti choonadi ndi cholakwika osiyana, chifukwa kudziwitsa ndi kusiyana lili ndi imapereka kusiyana ndi abwino. Kusokeretsa akuimira apamwamba kuti abstraction - absolutizing - anatchulapo cognition, amene asakhalenso zokhudza.

Choncho, funso mmene ikukhudzana choonadi ndi cholakwika, ali pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi choonadi - onse mtheradi ndi wachibale.

Kusokeretsa ayenera kuwasiyanitsa ndi onyenga. Bodza ndi kupotoza choonadi mwadala, mwadala kuti akaloŵe mu chinyengo. zolakwa Scientific kenako kuthana ndi kuwuka kwa chidziwitso.