Chuma mchere wa dera Vologda. zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma, zintchito za dera Vologda

Mbali yaikulu ya madera a m'dera Vologda - ndi mitengo athyathyathya ndipo madambo. A zosiyanasiyana zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma cha m'dera asiya ofufuza kusiyanitsa kuno 33 osiyanasiyana okongola. Pakuti malo ochepa ndi olemekezeka ndithu chithunzi!

M'nkhaniyi tiona pa malo a m'dera nyengo, zimachititsa chilumbachi, nthaka, pamwamba madzi. ndi mchere ncho m'dera Vologda chiyani? Yankho la funso limeneli mungapeze pano.

General Geography a m'dera Vologda: malire ndi Masayizi

Vologda dera - chigawo cha kumpoto kwa gawo European la Russia. Malo okwana ndi 145 zikwi makilomita lalikulu. Vologda dera elongated mbali sublatitudinal (kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa) ndi pafupifupi 700 makilomita.

Relief makamaka otsika kunama, pali nyanja ambiri ndi marshlands. Nyengo kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo mwachilungamo yaitali ndi yotenthera yochepa. Forest yokutidwa mbali mokwanira yaikulu ya chigawo Vologda (za 75-80%). zinthu More mwatsatanetsatane ndi zachilengedwe a dera adzakhala kutchulidwa Ndime zotsatirazi.

Administrative dera Vologda lagawidwa 26 m'maboma oyang'anira tauni ndi zigawo ziwiri m'tawuni. M'dera pali mavuto akuluakulu chikhalidwe. Choyamba ndi kupanda mfundo bwino mozama dera: pafupifupi ndalama ndi ntchito zachuma umalimbana yekha pa awiri mzinda wa dera Vologda - Cherepovets ndi Vologda. Mpumulo (zotumphukira) m'madera akuvutika kudzitsitsa komanso umoyo ndi zachuma zaziwerengero. Chachiwiri, dera ali ndi mlingo m'malo otsika mankhwala ndi maphunziro.

Makamaka m'dera mpumulo

Orographically amanditenga Vologda dera ndi mbali ya chilengedwe East European Plain. Chithunzi cha zimachititsa chilumbachi m'deralo - ndi mndandanda wa m'madambo, mapiri aang'ono ndi zitunda otsika. zosiyanasiyana mpumulo glacial ndi sizachilendo. The okwera pafupifupi mamita 150-200. Mu kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa dera ndi mapiri akutsikira phiri kumpoto Uvaly.

Ndi pa dera la dera Vologda ndi okulira pa mabeseni zitatu ngalande - nyanja ya Atlantic, nyanja Arctic ndi Nyanja ya Caspian.

Geologically m'dera ili pa nsanja akale kwambiri Precambrian. Koma apa iwo watsekedwa ndi zigawo wandiweyani wa madipoziti moraine-mtundu. Izi Mbali Geological anafotokoza nkhokwe kwambiri chuma sanali zachitsulo mchere mu dera Vologda. Sand ndi dongo amapezeka paliponse apa.

Ndithu kwabasi ndi chidwi mu Belozerskaya lokwera. nyumba imeneyi yachithandizo inakhazikitsidwa osati kale - mu nthawi ya glaciation lomaliza (za 12-15 zikwi zapitazo). Mwa lokwera ndi mndandanda wa nyanja zokongola ndi nkhokwe chikhalidwe.

nyengo

Nyengo ya kudera Vologda - kotentha chokhala. Ndipo chokhala nyengo kumawonjezera ndi Kukwezeleza kum'mawa. Nthawi osazizira, panali masiku 190-210. Chinyezi amachepetsa kuchokera kumadzulo kwa malo kum'mawa.

Dera anatchuka chifukwa nyengo yake okongola chipale chofewa. Ndithudi, matalala pano ukapitirize kwa masiku 160. Iye akuyamba kutenga mawonekedwe kumayambiriro kwa November, ndipo inawonongedwa mu theka lachiwiri la April.

Mu mphepo kuomba advantageously kumadzulo ndi kumpoto. Mwadzidzidzi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo pa chaka samaoneka mu chaka. nyengo yozizira ndi mwachilungamo yaitali ndi ozizira (pafupifupi January kutentha - kuchokera madigiri -10 kuti -14). Chilimwe yochepa, mvula ndipo ozizira. Izo zinali mu nyengo yofunda imagwera 70% ya mpweya pachaka. nyengo Transitional m'dera Vologda si kwambiri kulitchula.

Kumbali ya kusiyana dera, dera la kumadzulo kwa dera amadwala kusintha kawirikawiri ndipo mwadzidzidzi nyengo, amene amayamba ndi kusintha nthawi zonse misa mpweya. Chilimwe pano limodzi ndi drizzle zonse zimene zimachokera kwa Atlantic Ocean. Yoyendamo ndi zokopa alendo m'chigawo Vologda mwezi yabwino kwambiri ndi August. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa dzinja pakhoza kukhala kale usiku woyamba frosts.

chuma madzi a m'derali: mitsinje ndi nyanja

Dera la dera Vologda wolemera mitsinje yozama ndi nyanja zambiri. The yaikulu mitsempha madzi a dera - mtsinje Sheksna, Mologa ndi Andoma Mtsinje kumadzulo, Unzha Kostroma ndi kum'mwera. Center kum'mawa ndi mbali ya dera a ku chigwa cha kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje ndi makhwawa yaikulu.

Mtsinje Vologda dera - mtundu mbalambanda, ndi zigwa lonse ndipo zigwa chigumula. Channel zovuta zambiri shoals mchenga ndi zilumba yaing'ono. The otaya m'mitsinje makamaka kusalaza. Yekha ndi Sukhona akuwuka kwa Kubensky nyanja.

Mwa njira, mbali yaikulu pa lamulo la boma madzi a mtsinje Vologda kusewera kunyanja ya m'dera. Chifukwa cha iwo, ambiri a mitsinje amachepetsa mlingo wa madzi osefukira masika. Okwana dera ali nyanja zosachepera zikwi zinayi. Yaikulu ya iwo - woyera, Kubenskoe, Onega, Vozha. Komanso m'chigawo pali mosungiramo lalikulu. About 12% ya madzi. madambo ambiri ankaganiza m'madera kumadzulo chinyezi mkulu.

nyanja ambiri, ndi wandiweyani zopezera mitsinje ndi ngalande anatsimikiza chitukuko m'dera la madzi zokopa alendo Russia. Canoeing ndi rafting ali otchuka kwambiri. M'dera kale ambiri zodutsa madzi a osiyanasiyana movutikira. Kusambira mu nyanja zikuluzikulu pa ma yatchi ndi boti regattas.

Nthaka ndi zomera

The dothi la m'dera Vologda kumpoto ankaimira podzolic, sod-podzolic - kumwera. Komanso wamba chithaphwi dothi (mu madambo a m'dera).

Flora a m'dera lonse ndi zina mwa nkhalango boreal. Ambiri mwa nkhalango - formations coniferous, zomwe zigwirizana makamaka a spruce. Mitundu wotchuka mtengo pano: Siberia spruce, Oil European, paini, larch, Sukachev, Siberia Oil ndi ena. Otchedwa nkhalango sekondale anapanga pa malo kudula mitengo zikuluzikulu, nthawi zambiri popangidwa ndi mitundu deciduous - birch, Aspen, alder. Mu kumadzulo kwa dera Vologda pali nkhalango ya thundu, phulusa ndi zokometsera.

M'deralo malo achilengedwe ndipo zimadalirana ndiotetezedwa ku malo osungirako "Russian North", komanso mwa zinthu zina kutetezedwa (munda wa 188).

chuma mchere wa dera Vologda: Resources wamafuta

Kuti alimbikitse chuma mchere monga mafuta ndi gasi, peat, mafuta shale ndi zinthu zina mchere umene kupeza mphamvu zawo. Back mu 60s wa atumwi wotsiriza pa dera la dera Vologda, mafuta ndi zobala mpweya madera zitatu zimene anazipeza. Ntchito pa kusaka mwamsanga mafuta ndi gasi minda anapitiriza 90s. Pa nthawi, tipitirize Kafukufuku miyala, komanso ayesedwa ziyembekezo za chitukuko mafakitale mafuta ndi gasi malo.

M'zigawo za zinthu zina mafuta akhala wakhala ukugwira mabizinesi angapo. Izi gwero - peat. Amapangitsa mu Vologda anapeza madipoziti oposa 2,000. Total nkhokwe ya madipoziti m'dera kufika matani mamiliyoni 5.5. Miyala ya peat amafalitsidwa pafupifupi onse m'deralo, ngakhale ndende Ndi mmene kwa chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo. A ochepa kwambiri a peat ncho m'chigawo ntchito monga mafuta mphamvu. misa Aika ntchito ulimi. Peat, monga amadziwika, ntchito ngati manyowa ndi, komanso zofunda ziweto.

zipangizo zomangira

chuma mchere wa dera Vologda si chuma mafuta mchere. Derali mwachangu ncho kwambiri osiyanasiyana zipangizo yomanga: .. Dolomite, miyala, marl, etc. Mitundu zonsezi ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Wotchuka mu miyala gawo - Top Volsk. Amalima chaka matani 100 zikwi a zipangizo.

M'dera Vologda ndi mwachangu anayamba mchenga ndi dongo. The madipoziti waukulu wa mchenga ndi miyala: Abakanovskoe, Berezovsky Prisheksninskoe, Komelovskoe ndi ena. Derali yotengedwa refractory, otsika-kusungunuka ndi mitundu ya dongo.

Kulonjezedwa kwa chitukuko cha chuma mchere derali

Kuwonjezera mafuta ndi gasi, pali ena kulonjezedwa kwa chitukuko cha chuma mchere wa dera Vologda. Ichi ndi golide, bauxite ndi diamondi.

Choncho, mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa dera ndi Ilezskaya dera, amene ankaona zingamuthandize kuti kufufuza madipoziti diamondi. CJSC "Vologdageologorazvedka" ndi "Kraton" anachita kafukufuku mokwanira ntchito pano napeza otchedwa chitoliro kuphulika. Nawonso, mchere, ndiwo nthambi ya diamondi apezeka.

chinthu chinanso zingamuthandize kuti ulimi wa dera limeneli - golide. Back mu Akatswiriwa ndi 80 apeza golide mineralization mitsinje m'dera Vaga ndi Kubeny. Ndipo kale mu 1994, chinapezeka kuti placer golide amapezeka pafupifupi m'dziko la dera Vologda.

Chiwerengero cha mzindawo ndi

Vologda dera imatengedwa kwambiri Russian dera Russia. Chiwerengero cha Russian mu zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu ndi pafupifupi 97%, chomwe ndi umboni mtheradi kwa dziko. Kuwonjezera pa ethnos Russian, chili kwa Veps - anthu zakwawoko wa Finno-Ugric chiyambi.

Zoposa 70% wa Vologda okhala m'mizinda. Dera lili mizinda 15. Koma awiriwo, anthu kuposa anthu 100 sauzande.

Onse a mzinda wa dera Vologda zili m'munsimu:

• Vologda.
• Cherepovets.
• Babayev.
• Vytegra.
• Totma.
• Great Ustyug.
• Gryazovets.
• Sokol.
• Kadnikov.
• Kirillov.
• Krasavino.
• Ustyuzhna.
• Nikolsk.
• Kharovsk.
• Belozersky.

Vologda - ndi "likulu" derali

Mzinda wa St. Petersburg - si yekha ntchitoyi, komanso likulu la chikhalidwe chawo wa dera Vologda. N'zochititsa chidwi, si anthu n'zosangalatsa kumva za mzinda m'dera lino. Choncho, Cherepovets anthu pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri kwambiri.

Vologda - mzinda wakale. Kungotchula loyamba mu mbiri ya kunayamba 1147. Mu Vologda kuzindikira anatengedwa wandale chitetezo 224 chipilala a zomangamanga, chikhalidwe ndi zakale.

Pakati wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ambiri anapita zokopa mzinda - Vologda Kremlin, St. Sophia Cathedral ndi nsanja kuonera pa nsanja, Kazan Church, Stone Bridge. Mu gawo la mbiriyakale ya Vologda anakhalabe kwambiri misewu wapadera ndi okongola kwambiri a zomangamanga matabwa. mtundu wa chizindikiro cha mzinda anayamba Vologda batala ndi Vologda zingwe.

Pomaliza

dera Vologda lili kumpoto kwa gawo European la Russia. Nyengo kotentha chokhala. Kudera limeneli amakhala ndi nyengo yaitali achisanu ndi waufupi mvula chilimwe. Mpumulo wa m'dera zimagwiritsa mosabisa, m'madera ena ndi zovuta ndi zitunda otsika ndi zitunda.

M'dera Vologda pali wandiweyani zopezera mitsinje ndi ngalande. Dera lili nyanja ambiri ndi zithaphwi. malo amenewa ndi pafupifupi 75%.

chuma mchere wa dera Vologda, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri mafakitale kwa dera - ndi peat, dongo, mchere ndi zipangizo yomanga wolemera. Mu distilikiti ya kum'mawa kwa dera anapeza miyala ya diamondi.