Mavuto patsogolo chikhalidwe. patsogolo Social ndi mavuto padziko lonse

Chiphunzitso cha patsogolo chikhalidwe - gawo za khalidwe la anthu ambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo mtengo wake mu ubale wawo. Iye akuyesera kuti adzaone zomwe malangizo ndi njira anthu, ndi makhalidwe a chitukuko, komanso pa maziko anasonyeza nzeru ambiri a dongosolo lonse mbiri.

Lingaliro la "kutukuka", "chitukuko" ndi "amayambiranso"

Musanawerenge vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe, ife tikupeza zili mfundo zotsatirazi: "kutukuka", "chitukuko", "mgwirizano". Development - m'gulu waukulu amatanthauza njira zikuchitika pa zinthu zina kusintha Mkhalidwe. m'madera zimenezi zingakhale downlink ndi uplink. Choncho, mfundo patsogolo - izi ndi mbali imodzi ya chitukuko, kuuka mzere kuchokera ku zocholoŵana, kuchokera m'munsi apamwamba. Amayambiranso M'malo mwake, - kuchepa, stagnation, kudzitsitsa. Kupita ku chimbuzi ku chotsikitsitsa, kuti ali, downlink.

Opinion Shaw

Monga gulu lake ndi otsutsa chiphunzitso patsogolo chikhalidwe. Bernard Shaw, English wolemba, taonera pankhani imeneyi chinthu wolemekezeka ndi kupeza mfundo za ndondomeko ya mbiri yakale, koma kuyamikira. Malinga ndi iye, munthu wanzeru amafuna koposa zonse, atengere dziko lino, koma chitsiru - atengere ku nokha. Kotero, molingana ndi Bernard Shaw, patsogolo kumadalira opusa ndi.

Phunziro ya vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe mu masiku amakedzana

Mu mbiri ya nthanthi ganizo, vutoli wakhala phunziro chidwi zonse. Kale Mwachitsanzo, Seneca ndi Hesiod ankanena kuti palibe patsogolo monga mu mbiri. M'malo mwake, iwo akusuntha mu chitsogozo cha Golden Age, amene regressing. Vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe cha anthu pa nthawi yomweyo anali kuonedwa ndi Aristotle ndi Plato. Iwo atatsamira pa nkhani ya maganizo a kuzungulira mu moyo wapoyera.

kumasulira Mkhristu

Komanso chidwi ndi kutanthauzira, chomwe vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe. , Iye amaonedwa monga kayendedwe kutsogolo, m'mwamba, koma ngati pamwamba pa kukhala mbiri. Choncho ine Mwachitsanzo, Avreliy Avgustin.

Patsogolo pa maziko a dziko lapansi, mu nkhani iyi akubwera, ndipo kumvetsetsa ndi kugwirizana makamaka ndi munthu: udindo wa munthu pamaso pa Mulungu, mphotho, kukhudzana ndi la Mulungu.

Komanso kuganizira za nkhani imeneyi mu mbiri ya

Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano vuto ngati vuto ufulu wa munthu ndi njira kukwaniritsa cholingacho. Masiku ano, dzinali lakhala anakonza masomphenya osiyanasiyana patsogolo chikhalidwe, limene odziwika akunena kuti: "Chidziwitso - mphamvu". Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, monga mu nthawi ya French Choonadi, pali vuto la kusatsatira patsogolo. Makamaka, Rousseau imafotokoza kutsutsana pakati pa patsogolo abwino ndi patsogolo chidziwitso.

Ngati tikulingalira nzeru German chakale, izo Tingaone kuti mmene alandire monga kuyenda patsogolo, ndipo mbiri ya anthu ndi ndondomeko za chitukuko za dziko la uzimu, mtheradi Lingaliro. Zimenezi umachitika Gegel.

Opinion pa nkhaniyi Zh. A. Kondorse

Jean Antuan Kondorse, ndi French nzeru zapamwamba, ndi wina wa theorists wotchuka kwambiri wa theka 2 zaka za m'ma 19. vuto patsogolo siyana mfundo yake maganizo ndi chiyani? Dziwani izi. Condorcet anakhutira kuti patsogolo zimadalira patsogolo za maganizo, amene akuwonetseredwa mu kufala kwa maphunziro ndi kukula kwa sayansi. Mu kwambiri "chikhalidwe" wa munthu, malinga ndi woganiza ichi, mwagona mphamvu kudzimvera kuwongolera, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa patsogolo chitukuko, zomwe idzayenda umasinthasintha. Ngakhale zimasokoneza "osawerengeka" mwa chuma payekha, kukhulupirira kuti ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu ake ayamba kupita chitsogolo, amene n'chotheka mu zikhalidwe za maziko achilengedwe.

Kodi atsopano mu phunziro wabweretsa nkhani imeneyi 2 theka zaka za m'ma 19?

Tikuona kuti anthu ambiri ofufuza tatchulawa amene anaphunzira vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe, ankakhulupirira kuti muzu ndi chifukwa kupita chitsogolo, "iye wopandamalire mwayi." Komabe, mu theka 2 kwa m'ma 19 kumvetsetsa nkhani zimenezi zinapangitsa olakwika motsindika, mpaka m'malo ndi mfundo "kutukuka", "zisinthe" kapena "kasinthasintha" wa mbiri. Akatswiri monga P. Sorokin ndi Spengler ( "Kutha kwa Europe") amanena kuti kayendedwe ka anthu amapezeka pa downlink, ndipo pambuyo pake chitukuko adzawonongeka zivute zitani.

Vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi muyezo wake oimira chidwi cha zosatheka sosholisimu (mwachitsanzo, Karla Marksa, amene chithunzi zapatsidwa pamwambazi). Iwo anali otsimikiza kuti tikupita chitsogolo - chilamulo cha chitukuko cha anthu, ndipo chimatsogolera amatipeza kuti kupambana lamadyerero m'tsogolo. Iwo anaona mphamvu galimoto patsogolo pa zinthu zomwe takwaniritsa maphunziro, maganizo a anthu, mu kusintha makhalidwe a anthu. mfundo Marxist aumbike pakati pa zana la 19. Chifukwa cha izo - mbiri yakale, dialectical-zakuthupi njira kampani, ake m'mbuyomu, panopa ndi m'tsogolo. History ukufanizidwa Pankhaniyi monga ntchito munthu, amene zolinga zake.

Ife sitikhala kupitiriza kulanda olemba amene anaphunzira vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi mfundo zawo. Kuchokera pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire kuti palibe mmodzi wa iwo akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi choonadi chenicheni, ngakhale ena kachigawo za izo ziri mwa aliyense wa iwo. Mwina ofufuza Adzalakalaka kuti abwerere kwa nkhaniyi vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe. Philosophy kale anapeza zambiri zachikunja, koma iwo onse ndi penapake mmodzi ndiye amaganiza.

mavuto padziko lonse wa nthawi yathu

Zotsutsana za ndondomeko chikhalidwe kudziunjikira pa siteji kupezeka mavuto padziko lonse wa anthu. Zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

- chifukwa cha mavuto zachilengedwe;

- vuto kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi kupewa nkhondo;

- zaziwerengero (depopulyatsionistskie ndi populyatsionistskie);

- mavuto a uzimu (chikhalidwe, umoyo, maphunziro) ndi kupanda uzimu (imfa ya malangizo mkati - makhalidwe a anthu) ;

- kugonjetsa kugawikana kwa anthu, amene amayamba chifukwa zosiyanasiyana zandale, zachuma ndi wauzimu chitukuko cha anthu ndi maiko.

Mavuto awa chi patsogolo chikhalidwe bwanji zofuna za anthu wonse ndi tsogolo lake, ndipo chifukwa dzina lake lonse. Kulephera kuthetsa izi ndi nkhani zina loopsa kuti apulumuke anthu onse. Komanso chigamulo chake, imafunika khama olowa osati maiko munthu zigawo, komanso lonse la anthu.

Aliyense wa ife adza kwa vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe. sayansi Social ambiri - ndi sayansi kwambiri, chifukwa ife tonse kukhalamo anthu. Choncho, kumvetsa malamulo yaikulu ya kugwira ntchito zake aliyense ayenera. Sukulu zambiri chabe akulankhula vuto patsogolo chikhalidwe, mwachidule akulongosola mavuto padziko lonse. Mwina nkhani zimenezi ayenera kuperekedwa kwambiri, kenako m'mibadwo yanu adzatumiza magulu ake kuti zochita zawo.