Conceptualism ndi chiyani? Izi raztsionalizma kaphatikizidwe ndi empiricism

Kodi mukudziwa conceptualism? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo a nzeru ankaonetsetsa. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi mawonetseredwe cognition akubwera pamodzi ndi zambiri, koma samabwera kwa zinachitikira. Conceptualism akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati kaphatikizidwe rationalism ndi empiricism. Mawu akuti amachokera ku mawu Latin conceptus, kutanthauza mfundoyo, lingaliro. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti ichi Inde nzeru zaumunthu, izo ndi gulu chikhalidwe kuti anatuluka mu zana la 20.

oimira conceptualism

Per Abelyar, awiri John - Duns Scotus ndi Salisbury, John Duns, Dzhon Lokk - nzeru ena onsewa Chili conceptualism. Awa ndi anthu ena omwe amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro amene tonsefe tili, kumachitika nthawi kupeza zinachitikira munthu. Mpaka takumana ndi ichi kapena icho chodabwitsa, ife sitimva akamanena za izi kapena kuti mavuto konsekonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ife sitidalalikira, anaonanso zinthu zopanda chilungamo, ife sitimvetsetsa akamanena za chilungamo. Mwa njira, chiphunzitso ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malo kulenga - conceptualism zojambulajambula, makamaka kupenta. The chidwi kwambiri anthu ake mwa ojambula zithunzi Dzhozef Koshut, ndi mwa oimba - Henry mwala.

cilamulo luso

Dzhozef Koshut anafotokoza tanthauzo la mfundo imeneyi mu rethinking kwathunthu kugwira ntchito zaluso ndi chikhalidwe ambiri onse. Iye anati luso ndi mphamvu ya malingaliro, koma Mulimonsemo osati chuma. salimo "Munthu wina ndi amipando atatu" omwe anamaliza mu 1965, anakhala Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za conceptualism. kupenta cilamulo amanena kuti ndi kuzindikira kwauzimu lawo zimene amaonetsa ndi anawona kuzindikira ndi nzeru. Zaluso cilamulo mfundo mwaluso kaya chithunzi kapena buku kapena nyimbo chilengedwe, n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa mawu thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholinga chachikulu cha luso lake lagona ndendende mu kulanda maganizo ndi mfundo. Mwa njira, zinthu cilamulo akhoza mitundu ano ntchito, monga zithunzi, kanema kapena zipangizo wailesi, ndi zina zotero D..

Conceptualism zaluso

Monga tanenera kale, mmodzi wa oimira maganizo a kukuchititsa zimenezi wojambula Marsel Dyushan (France). Iye akukonzekera nthawi yaitali, "nthaka" chifukwa conceptualist ndi kupanga okonzeka mades. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo analengedwa ndi wojambula mu 1917, "The Kasupe" -pissuar. Mwa njira, inali kuperekedwa pa chionetserocho bungwe kwa Ngwachikwanekwane ojambula ku New York. Kodi anafuna kusonyeza ntchito yake Duchamp? Urinal - item wamba ntchito mu zolinga za ukhondo ndi ukhondo. Ngati zachitika pa fakitale, izo, ndithudi, sangatengedwe kukhala mogometsa. Komabe, ngati chilengedwe chake mlengi, chithunzicho, ndi urinal ikutha kukhala zinthu wamba banja, chifukwa ndi wapadera, ali ndi makhalidwe zokongoletsa ndi lingaliro wakhala ntchito kulenga izo. Mwachidule, conceptualism - kupambana maganizo pa mtima. Izi zimapangitsa lofunika mankhwala makamaka.

Russian conceptualism

Izi ndi akatswiri luso kayendedwe inachitikanso mu Russia, makamaka Moscow. Iwo anayamba pa luso zosavomerezeka Soviet Union kumayambiriro 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Komabe, mawuwa Moscow Conceptualism anatuluka patsogolo pang'ono, mu 1979, ndi dzanja kuwala Borisa Groysa, m'magazini yotchedwa "Kuchokera A mpaka Z," nkhani yakuti "Achikondi Moscow conceptualism." Iwo ali nthambi ziwiri: literaturotsentrichnuyu ndi kusanthula.

Zitsanzo cilamulo luso

Woyamba ntchito yapadera mbali iyi, anasonyeza mu 1953, ntchito ya Robert Rauschenberg a 'achotsa kujambula Qing ". Kuvomereza, dzina zachilendo mawonekedwe a chitsanzo. Komanso, funso n'lakuti: Kodi ndani kuti woyambitsa wa ntchito imeneyi - kapena Qing Rauschenberg? Chinthu kuti patapita nthawi pambuyo polenga chithunzi ichi Willem de A Kooning-Om Robert Milton Ernest Rauschenberg achotsa izo ndi kugonjera pa ntchito yawo. Akamanena za zochita zake anali malinga ndi chilakolako kutsutsa mfundo za luso miyambo. Iye anali kutsatira za okonzeka zopangidwa - mafunde cilamulo ndi chithunzi, umene zilibe amene wolemba oyambirira zofunika chifukwa lotsiriza, ndi lingaliro, amene anapatsa mankhwala analenga. Chitsanzo odziwika okonzeka zopangidwa collages anasonkhana ku makombo a nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. nthumwi ina panopa IV Kleyn anali mlembi wa "hydrostatic Paris chosema". Kuchita izi, izo anatenga 1001 balloons n'kuwaika mu mlengalenga pa Paris. Ichi chidachitika kulengeza chionetserocho pa Le Weiden.

Pomaliza

Choncho, woyambitsa wa gulu limeneli amati Marsel Dyushan. Ndipo Iye adati cheni ndi zofunika luso si chinthu, koma lingaliro. Zilibe kanthu chomaliza mapeto ake aesthetics, koma ndikofunika amene ali Woyambitsa ndi zimene anali tanthauzo lake malingaliro. Mwachidule, conceptualism - ndi masiku kupenta, mabuku, nyimbo, maluso ambiri, amene amagwira ntchito kwakukulukulu zovuta kumvetsa wowerenga za owerenga, womvera kapena zazindikirika ndi aliyense mu njira yapadera.