Depressurization ndege ndi chiani?

Ngakhale anthu omwe bwino malamulo a sayansi ndi kumvetsa momwe ziriri kuti mulu wa zitsulo mmwamba mu mlengalenga, nthawi zina amaonabe maganizo omangika mu ndege kuti pakati pawo ndi nthaka zovuta makilomita 10. Kodi kulankhula za townsfolk wamba? okwera wamba mantha ngakhale mawu "depressurization wa ku kanyumba ndege", ndithu kumvetsa chimene icho chiri ndi zimene agonjetsa.

mu ndege

Cynics nthabwala kuti ayenera kukhala na mantha ya ndege, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo njira imodzi kapena kumbuyo yina ku dziko lapansi. Ngati inu mumaganizira za izo, koma daredevils wosimidwa akhoza mwaufulu kulowa mu dongosolo zosalimba, amene limatuluka kuti makilomita 10-14 pamwamba pa lathuli kuti apulumutse iwo ankapita. Ndipotu Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti afe pa ndege - zovuta.

Inde, izo zikhoza kuchitika chinthu chodabwitsa. Komabe, sitima zamakono ndi ndege zawo mokwanira wokonzedwera kwa mwadzidzidzi ambiri, amene m'mbuyomu zinachititsa kuti mavuto ndi akuvutika ambiri, ndipo tsopano pokhala chochitira kuti ndegeyo pangozi. machitidwe onse zokha ndi lingafanane, ndi azidzipereka kwambiri chinthu anthu. Ngati anakana zida, ndege odziwa zambiri angathe kupewa ngozi kapena kuchepetsa mmene iye. Koma nthawi zina vuto n'zosapeŵeka. Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani depressurization la ndegeyo? Kodi n'zotheka kukhalabe mu ichi ndi choti achite?

depressurization la ndegeyo

Pamalo okwera mamita 10,000 kuthamanga ndi kwambiri poyerekeza pa dziko lapansili. Koma pali zambiri yozizira, osati mpweya zokwanira chamoyo zachilendo m'thupi la munthu. Nkosafuna kunena kuti ganizo kwambiri benga pa khungu Mwina kuwopsyeza odziwa kwambiri ndi kudzilimbitsa m'basimo? Modern mafilimu a kanema anabweretsa lolingalira nsembe zosangalatsa, ndi pakati pa anthu wamba ndi ankaona kuti ngakhale dzenje kakang'ono chigoba cha ndegeyo, osati anapereka kwa kumanga nyumba yake, kumawachititsa imfa ya onse amene ali pa bolodi. Ndipotu, zonse ndi zosiyana - kumene, khungu kuwonongeka sangathe amaganiza kuti zinthu sankaganiza, komanso kuchitira monga ngozi optional kwathunthu. History amadziwa Nthawi zambiri pamene ngakhale mwachilungamo dzenje lalikulu mu alumikizana ndi sichikwiya choletsa ulendo ulesi wathunthu. Choncho, ndi bwino tanthauzo ndi mawu akuti "depressurization ya ndege" ndi zimene zikutanthauza kuchita.

zifukwa

Pamene zinadziwika kuti zimenezi depressurization la kanyumba, muyenera kuganizira, mogwirizana ndi zomwe izi zimachitika. Mu zinthu zachilendo, monga chikuonekera, zapamadzi likusindikizidwa ndi okonzeka ndi machitidwe kudzikonda zili moyo thandizo, kotero kuti m'basimo kumva zambiri kapena zochepa omasuka. Komabe, nthawi zina zokhazikika wathyoka. zifukwa kukhala mkati ndi kunja:

• chinthu anthu - okwera kapena zochita adalira zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa khungu;
• zotsimikizira zopindika - mbali yolakwika, siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la sayansi msonkhano, etc;..
• kuwonongeka ndi zinthu zakunja - mwadala kapena mwangozi kumatula kwa kapangidwe ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kunja;
• mwadzidzidzi vuto - mavuto katundu pa ndege ndi pamwamba kukagawira.

Ndiyeno vutoli, malingana ndi zomwe zimachitika, angathe mosiyana.

Chikuchitika ndichiyani?

Depressurization ya ndege ikakhala koposa zonse anaopseza okwera anoxia ndi otchedwa ndi anaŵerama, kapena matenda decompression. Mosiyana ndi mafilimu ambiri tsoka, kukhala mkati yonyamula si pangozi kunja kwa kunja, pokhapokha ngati ananamizira mogwirizana ndi malangizo a anthu ogwira ntchito, ndi dzenje yaikulu si m'dera lomwelo yomweyo.

Mu moyo weniweniwo, ndi ochepa zotupa ndege akhoza kukhalabe okhulupirika akukhudzidwira dongosolo, kuti ngati panalibe decompression kuphulika, nthawi yomweyo kuvulaza anthu ndi kuwatsogolera ku hypoxia mofulumira, zinthu angatchedwe bwino ankalamulira. Chinthu chachikulu - nthawi muzindikire dontho la kuthamanga ndi kuchepa mu mlingo wa mpweya pofuna kupewa imfa ya kutsitsimuka kwa onse amene ali mkati ndi moyenera, kutayiratu kulamulira.

zotsatira

Ngati ndege depressurization palibe anachitira mu masekondi woyamba kuvulazidwa thupi, sizitanthauza kuti panalibe ngozi. Ngati mulibe kanthu, okwera onse ndi gulu akadali kuopsezedwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• otsika kutentha - zingachititse frostbite, supercooling ambiri, imfa;
• anaŵerama - mtima choipa chifukwa vuto dontho mofulumira;
• okwera hypoxia - osakwanira kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu mlengalenga;

Kodi depressurization la ndegeyo, malingana ndi momwe izo zonse zinachitika, ndi kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo anthu. Flight akhoza kutha bwinobwino popanda zotsatira zoipa, ndipo akanakhoza kukhala tsoka, ngakhale zotupa anali kochepa. Mwamwayi, monga ulamuliro, izo zonse itha bwino.

kukhwimitsa chitetezo

Osati ntchito osachepera zimene itha depressurization a ndege, ndi masewero, mmene mosamala imachitika ntchito chisanadze ndege kwa ndege yotereyi. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo lonse la zinthu: opareshoni zolondola, komanso mozama kamangidwe, utumiki yake, chavuta zonse, etc ...

ndege zamakono zili ndi zambiri kachitidwe kuti zonse oyang'anira boma la ndegeyo nthawi ndege. Pamaso pa yoyenera zinachitikira oyendetsa muzindikire ngakhale mavuto ang'onoang'ono ndi kutenga miyezo kofunika kuteteza zotsatira zoipa. Koma Chofunika kwambiri, zimene zidzachitike mu choyamba masekondi angapo pamene mwadzidzidzi yoopsa kusintha. Choncho, ndege iliyonse zamakono zili ndi masks wapadera mpweya basi ejected pa mipando mu decompression mwadzidzidzi. Awo ntchito wolankhula anasonyeza kumayambiriro kwa aliyense ndege mu njira ya nkhani za chitetezo. Koma si onse.

zochita adalira

The vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi depressurization mofulumira ndi kusowa pachimake mpweya, zomwe zimachititsa kupuma mofulumira ndi mutu - kupota wa hypoxia pachimake. Pambuyo masekondi angapo munthu watha manyazi, ndipo patapita kanthawi ayambe sizingasinthe kufa maselo a mu ubongo, choncho m'pofunika kuti zochita zolondola anatengedwa mu mphindi woyamba.

Kupeza khungu kumva kuwawa, ndege ayenera mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka kubwera pansi ndi kutalika abwino makilomita 3-4. Pa mlingo wa mpweya akukwana kuchirikiza moyo ndi kugwira ntchito ndi wabwinobwino wa thupi la munthu.

Kamodzi zinthu ali okhazikika, m'pofunika kuti aone zinthu ndi kutenga lingaliro pa ankafika mwadzidzidzi pa ndege yapafupi zilipo. Depressurization la ndegeyo - zifukwa zabwino kuletsa ndege chifukwa palibe chitsimikizo kuti chiwonongeko sapita.

zochita okwera

Nkofunika bwanji khalidwe anthu wamba anakumana ndi decompression. Choyamba, muyenera kukhala odekha ndiponso osati moto ndi mantha ngati nkotheka. Kachiwiri, muyenera kumvetsera kwambiri malangizo a ndodo ndi kuzikwaniritsa. Ngati pamwamba anagwa masks mpweya ayenera yomweyo iwo ndi kuthandiza ena ngati n'koyenera. Komanso, pa ndege kuti ananamizira pamene mpando kuti akhoza kukupulumutsani ku kuvulala kwambiri monga kugwedezekagwedezeka komanso pa decompression ndi zachiwawa.

Nthawi lodziwika

Ngakhale kuti depressurization ya ndege - zochitika mwadzidzidzi, izo zimachitika nthawi zambiri, koma nthawi popanda kukumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Komabe, zinthu sizimayenda bwino nthawi zonse kutha mosangalala.

• Mu 2011, pamwamba pa ndege pa ndege ku Phoenix kwa Sacramento, dzenje za mamita 1.5 m'mimba mwake. Zapamadzi pansi bwinobwino, palibe amene anavulala.
• Mu 2005, kumpoto kwa Athens, Greece chifukwa cha depressurization pang'onopang'ono la ndegeyo kuugwira magalimoto m'phiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo inapha anthu 121, kuphatikizapo anthu asanu adalira.
• Mu 1988, mu ndege zouluka pa zilumba za ku Hawaii, panali yomweyo depressurization, chifukwa cha zomwe chiwalo chimodzi adalira anali wovulala. Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi chiwonongeko cha dongosolo khungu chombo inatera bwinobwino.
• Mu 2015, mphindi 20, ankafika pa bwalo la likulu la, ndege depressurization zinachitika "Samara - Moscow". Palibe amene anavulala.

Mwachionekere, decompression pakokha mantha. Izi zidalira pa zochita oyenera pa anthu Komabe, mwachizolowezi. Choncho musanyalanyaze malangizo a anthu ogwira ntchito, makamaka pamene iwo amachitcha kuvala pa ndege ku mpando.