Dzina la dinosaurs. Chithunzi chomwe chili ndi maudindo

Pa gawo lirilonse la kugonjetsa dziko lapansi, panali nyama zina kapena zina zomwe zinakhala mtundu wa "olemekezeka" a nthawi yawo. Zilombozi ndilo mawu otsiriza a chisinthiko, komanso omwe anali angwiro kwambiri, ochenjera kwambiri ndi amphamvu pa nthawi imeneyo. M'nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana za dinosaurs - zowonongeka zomwe zikulamulira dziko lapansi zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo, mofananamo, za mayina awo.

Ulamuliro wa mafumu

Dzina la dinosaurs lingatembenuzidwe kuchokera ku Greek ngati "chowopsa choopsa". Zozizwitsa zakale mu nthawi yawo zinali korona weniweni wa chilengedwe, pamwamba pa chitukuko cha zokwawa. Iwo adalamulira mpira zaka zoposa 100 miliyoni, atakhala olamulira okhazikika a dzikolo. Zamoyo zimenezi zinali zambiri, zosiyana. Palibe miyoyo yamoyo ya nthawi yomwe idafanane ndi nkhanza zoopsya.

Sewero la kutuluka, maluwa ndi kutayika kwa dinosaurs linalimbikitsa malingaliro aumunthu kuyambira pamene anthu adaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa chomwe chimatchedwa Great Age wa zokwawa. Nyama izi zimaphunziridwa mosamala, kusonkhanitsa zipangizo ndikupeza zinthu zambiri zotsalira. Ponena za zifukwa za imfa ya mafumu a dinosaurs mpaka posachedwapa, panalibe maganizo ogwirizana, ndipo ngakhale tsopano mikangano ya sayansi ikutsutsana pa nkhaniyi.

Zambiri za systematics

Ma Dinosaurs (zithunzi ndi mayina akufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi), monga zinyama zamakono, sitingaganizidwe ndi asayansi atasokonezeka. Kuti asasokonezedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewa, njoka, njovu, amphaka, achule, nyamakazi, akatswiri a zakuthambo, kenaka amapereka nyama zonse ku magulu ena, motero, "anaikidwa". Mmodzi mwa magulu awa amagwirizanitsa zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kawo.

Gulu lalikulu la zinyama ndilo mitundu yawo, yomwe imaphatikizapo anthu ambiri ofanana. Mitundu yowonjezereka ikuphatikizidwa kukhala genera, kapena mafilimu ambiri. Mtunduwu, womwewo, umagwirizana m'mabanja; Mabanja - muzinkhondo; Mazipinda - m'masukulu, ndi makalasi - mwa mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wathu wokhala ndi inu ndi munthu wololera, woimira mtundu wa anthu a m'banja la nthano. Ife ndife a dongosolo la abambo, gulu la nyama zakutchire ndipo ife timayimira kachigawo kakang'ono ka zinyama kuchokera ku mtundu wovuta. Ili ndilo lingaliro losavuta!

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ndizosatheka kuchita popanda systematics. Apo ayi, mungathe kusokonezeka, chifukwa pakali pano pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya zinyama zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi: awa ndi amoeba, mphutsi, ntchentche, ndi mwamuna. Mofananamo, taxonomy imagwira ntchito ndi zinyama zotchedwa dinosaurs. Mitundu ndi maina a zolengedwa izi zomwe zimakhala nthawi zosiyana ndizosiyana. Zonsezi zimaonetsa mwachidule zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zizikhala ndi makhalidwe komanso zamoyo, komanso zodziwika bwino.

Musati muthetse lilime!

Monga lamulo, mayina a sayansi a izi kapena zinyamazi amveka ngati zachilendo kwa munthu wamba, ndipo zina mwa izo sizikhoza kunenedwa konse. Zimamveka: zimaperekedwa m'zinenero za Chilatini kapena Chigiriki. Mwachitsanzo, dzina la ma dinosaurs nthawi zambiri limasonyeza maonekedwe a kunja kwa zirombozi kapena zokhudzana ndi nyama, kotero kuti katswiri (katswiri wa zinyama, nyamakazi, katswiri wamaphunziro) amadziwa kuti ali ndi mtundu wotani.

Nsomba zam'madzi ndi chimfine chachikulu

Nthawi zambiri maina a dinosaurs ali ndi mbali yofunika - zavr: allosaurus, brontosaurus, ichthyosaurus, tyrannosaurus, ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, dzina lakuti "Brontosaurus" limatanthauzira ngati chimphona chachikulu, chachikulu chotchedwa pangolin (onani chithunzi m'munsimu). Kuphatikizanso apo, Brontes ankatchedwa kuti cyclops - zimphona zakale zachigiriki. Dzina lakuti "ichthyosaurus" limasuliridwa kuchokera ku chi Greek chakale monga nsomba-kakombo: "ichthyos" ndi nsomba, ndipo "zavr" ndi buluu. Pachifukwa ichi, dzina la chirombo ichi chakumadzi chimatiwonetsera ife maonekedwe ake.

Sobakozub

Nthawi zina mu maina a ziwopsya zoopsa mungapeze mawu oti "dont", kapena "don". Ilo limamasuliridwa ngati dzino. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa dinosaurs yotchuka kwambiri m'gulu lino ndi cynodonts. Izi ndi zinyama, zomwe ndi makolo a zinyama zamakono zamakono. Dzina la ma dinosaurs amasonyeza kufunika kwa kayendedwe ka mano awo, ndipo amatembenuzidwa ngati dzino-dzino: "cynos" ndi galu, "dont" ndi dzino.

Fly Dinosaur

Dzina la ma dinosaurs omwe adakwera kumwamba ali ndi chinthu chachilendo - dactyl. M'chilatini, mawu akuti "dactylos" amatanthauza chala. Dinosaur yotchuka kwambiri yothamanga ndi, ndithudi, pterodactyl. Kutembenuzira ku Chirasha ndi chokopa: mawu achigiriki akale akuti "pteron" ndi mapiko.

Kodi zuyisi ndi ndani?

Nthaŵi zambiri, dzina la dinosaurs limaphatikizapo mawu achilendo akuti "zuhia." Momwemonso, pano, palinso palibe chovuta. Chigawo ichi nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa mu mayina a zokwawa zakufa: mesozuhia, oozukhia, pseudohohiya, pastozuhia, ndi zina zotero. Choncho amatcha ng'ona kapena zinyama zofanana ndizo, chifukwa liwu lachi Greek la "zuhos" ndi ng'ona.

Nkhanza za Zilonda

Inde, n'kosatheka kudutsa dinosaur wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse - tyrannosaurus. Iye ndi achibale ake ambiri ndi dinosaurs-odyetsa. Mayina a zamoyo izi zimayankhula zapamwamba kwambiri pa zinyama zina, ngati kuti zikhomerezi zimakhala ndi korona. Mawu akuti "tyrannosaurus" amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku chi Greek chakale ngati mbuye wa buluzi: "tyranos" ndi mbuye, Ambuye.

Mtengo wa banja wa zokwawa

Monga momwe mwadziwira kale, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi gulu losiyana la zinyama, zidagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gulu lakale kwambiri komanso lakale kwambiri la zowonongeka ndilo gawo la anthu othawa. Akatswiri a paleontologists adaganiza kuti palibe nthumwi ya opsides yomwe idapulumuka kufikira lero, ndipo omalizira awo omwalira anafa zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo!

Kuchokera muzu weniweni wa anapsid, nthambi inasiyanitsidwa, yotchedwa synapse. Ku chiwerengero ichi cha zamoyo zamtundu wakale, zolemba za paleontologist zimatchula makolo athu - makolo a zinyama zamakono zamakono, zomwe munthu ali nazo. Mwamwayi, a synapsids adafanso, ndipo sanakhale ndi moyo kuti awone bwino za ana awo.

Ichi ndi chigawo china cha zamoyo zamtundu wakale, zolekanitsidwa pamunsi mwa thunthu lakale - chigawo chochepa cha operekera. Nthambiyi inagawanika kukhala awiri - arhosaurs ndi lepidosaurs. Yoyamba ikuphatikizapo ng'ona, mbalame ndi dinosaurs, ndipo yachiwiri - nkhanza zamakono, njoka ndi abuluzi. Otsitsila amaphatikizapo kale madzi otchedwa dinosaurs omwe ali ndi miyendo yaitali, yotchedwa plesiosaurs.