Eduard Shevardnadze: yonena, ntchito ndale, photos, chifukwa imfa

Mu 2014, iye anamwalira Purezidenti wa Georgia, ndi mu masiku a Soviet Union - Minister okhonda. Iye anali ndi zaka 86, dzina lake Eduard Shevardnadze. munthu Tikambirana pansipa.

Komsomol

Eduard Shevardnadze, amene zithunzi ndi m'nkhani, anabadwa mu 1928. Izo zinachitika mu Georgia, ku mudzi wa Mamati. Banja kuti Eduard Shevardnadze anabadwa, unali waukulu ndiponso wolemera kwambiri. bambo ake ankagwira ntchito mphunzitsi wa sukulu ya Chirasha ndi mabuku, ndi Edward ndi zaka khumi moonlighting monga postman a.

Pa kupondereza ziwawa mu 1937 bambo Edward anathawa kumangidwa ndi asilikali NKVD. Iye anapulumutsa moyo wa membala wa ndodo ya Commissariat Anthu amene poyamba ankaphunzira. Edward yekha m'sukuluyo zachipatala, kumene maphunziro ulemu. Koma zachipatala mchitidwe iye nsembe ntchito zake zandale, umene unayamba ndi positi litasamuka mlembi wa Komsomol. ntchito yake zachitika mofulumira, ndipo zaka 25, anakhala mlembi woyamba wa Kutaisi Committee Komsomol City.

M'tsogolo, kudzatenga pambuyo zimene achinyamata Chijojiya lipoti la Khrushchev pa za XX Congress wa Party. Tbilisi Anthu akhala akuchita zionetsero njira imene debunking aukali wa Stalin Munthu mpatuko. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mzinda ndi asilikali anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, amene anapha anthu 21 kuyamba. Kutaisi anakhala pa akungoonerera kwa tsokalo. N'zosatheka kutchula izi wachita ntchito ya Eduard Shevardnadze, koma analimbikitsidwa. Patapita chaka iye anali kale walunjika Komsomol mu Republic of Georgia.

khama Anti-Corruption

Ku ofesi ya Mlembi Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich iye anasamutsidwa mu 1968 ku positi kwa Nduna ya za M'dziko la Republic. Pa dzanja limodzi, iyi inali kuwonjezeka, koma zenizeni. Izo zinakhala mu zida loyang'anira za mphamvu Soviet ya malamulo mumtima, monga kwa amene ambiri a maudindo utakhala mu apolisi ndi chomaliza ntchito, chifukwa chakuti mu malamulo sanayambe amasuliridwa. Choncho, malo awa anali mathero akufa mwa mawu a chitukuko ntchito. Koma Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich, amene yonena mwadzaza amazipotokola chidwi ndi motsatana, wakhala anatha kutuluka zimenezi.

chakuti dera Soviet Caucasus anali achinyengo kwambiri ndipo anayima ndi mfundo imeneyi maziko a china chirichonse, ndi kutali kwambiri, Union. Anti-Corruption kampeni anapezerapo ndi boma la Russia, kufuna anthu anakhulupirira, osati papezeka mbiri yake. Koma Shevardnadze chabe mbiri ndipo anali, monga anauzidwa kuti Brezhnev. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anatumizidwa kwa maphunziro udindo wa mlembi woyamba wa Tbilisi Committee City. Chaka chotsatira, mu 1972, motsogoleredwa ndi Republic. Komabe, zaka zinayi kenaka anakhala membala wa Komiti chapakati cha CPSU, amene anaikidwa kwa iye ntchito. The chifukwa cha woyamba zaka zisanu Plan ya oletsa ziphuphu Shevardnadze anali kuchotsedwa la anthu zikwi makumi anai. Amamangidwa chilamulo mu nkhaniyi 75% - zikwi makumi atatu.

Njira kulimbana ndi ziphuphu, ponena Eduard Shevardnadze, yonena wake anasunga zikomo ndi kumveka lonse nazo mu anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pa umodzi wa misonkhano ya Chijojiya Committee Central, anapempha akuluakulu anasonkhana kuonetsera wotchi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kupatulapo wa posachedwapa aikidwa malo mlembi woyamba "Ulemerero" wa Yehova wodzichepetsayu anali onse yapamwamba ndi mtengo "Seiko". Pa nthawi ina, iye loletsa ntchito ya takisi, koma msewu akadali anaonekera zonse magalimoto ndi zinthu khalidwe. Dziwani, chifukwa motsutsana ndi pano nthawi yonyamula payekha wachinsinsi monga ndalama unearned ndi oweruzidwa.

Komabe, kwathunthu tichotse ziphuphu kwa sing'anga ulamuliro wagawo analephera. Pakati pa ndemanga za nthawi iyi pali anthu enanso amene amamutcha ntchito zonse za wapakamwa, monga chifukwa chimene ena akuba atenga malo ena.

kusinthasintha andale

Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich makamaka otchuka pakati pa anthu a mabwalo anagula mu 1978, ndipo chifukwa kuti anali nkhondo andale m'chinenero cha boma. zinali ngati kuti mayiko atatu okha ku Soviet Union anali boma zinenero boma la chilankhulo mtundu wawo. Georgia anali pakati pawo. M'madera ena onse a Soviet Union, mfundo chinenero boma sanali alembedwa mu Constitution. Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa buku latsopano la Constituion tinaganiza kuchotsa mbali iyi, n'kukafika ku mchitidwe onse ambiri mabwalo a. Komabe, pempholo analibe kulawa nzika ya m'deralo, ndipo iwo anasonkhana kutsogolo kwa nyumba boma ndi Zionetsero mtendere. Eduard Shevardnadze yomweyo tinagwirizananso Moscow ndi Brezhnev wotsimikiza kuti ndi chisankho kudzachitike. Iye sanapite panjira, bwino akuluakulu Union, chifukwa cha Party. M'malo mwake, mtsogoleri wa Republic anapita kwa anthu nati mokweza: ". Chirichonse adzakhala monga mufuna" Mobwerezabwereza anakweza mlingo wake ndi anawonjezera kulemera pamaso pa nzika.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye analonjeza pamaso pa nkhondo yomaliza ndi adani maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, iye ananena kuti mafupa aisadza capitalist piggery. okweza Eduard Shevardnadze analankhula ndondomeko Moscow ndi panokha za Comrade Brezhnev. osyasyalika wake umachoka malire angaganizire ngakhale mu ulamuliro wa Soviet. Shevardnadze ananena zabwino oyamba a mayunitsi Soviet asilikali ku Afghanistan ankanena kuti anali "Mulungu yekha olondola" kusuntha. Izi ndi zina zambiri kwachititsa chakuti mtsogoleri chitsutso Chijojiya zambiri adamnenera Iye kusaona mtima ndi chinyengo. Ndipotu, zonena zomwezi chomveka lero, kale pambuyo Eduarda Amvrosievicha kuwawa imfa. Shevardnadze pa moyo wake evasive kuwayankha kufotokoza kuti akungonama sanali azimukonda boma la Russia, koma tinayesetsa kulenga zinthu kuti bwino kutumikira zofuna za anthu.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona mfundo imeneyi, monga mtima wotsutsana ndi Stalin ndi Stalin boma, limene ukufalitsidwa mu malamulo ake Eduard Shevardnadze. 1984, mwachitsanzo - chaka chino ndi kuyamba ya kanema "Kulapa" ndi Tengiz Abuladze. filimu iyi inatulutsa mu dziko kumveka ndithu, chifukwa wadwala chiweruzo zakuthwa Stalinism. Ndipo cithunzithunzi ici anatuluka chifukwa cha khama patokha Shevardnadze.

wothandizira Gorbachev

Ubwenzi Shevardnadze ndi Gorbachev anayamba pamene iye anali womaliza Mlembi Choyamba wa Stavropol komiti ya chipani Regional. Malinga ndi Maulendo a onse, iwo anayankhula ndithu poyera, ndi wina nkhaniyi, Shevardnadze ananena kuti "onse ndi yoola, zonse ziyenera kusintha." miyezi itatu, Gorbachev anatsogolera Soviet Union ndipo pomwepo anandipempha kuti Eduarda Amvrosievicha ndi maganizo kuti atenge malo a nduna ya nkhani zakunja. Yotsirizira anavomera, ndi zina, m'malo akale Shevardnadze - mtsogoleri Georgia a Shevardnadze anaonekera - nduna ya za okhonda wa USSR. udindowu analenga furore osati Russia komanso padziko lonse. Choyamba, Eduard Amvrosievich analibe chinenero yachilendo. Ndipo kachiwiri, izo alibe zinachitikira dziko lililonse. Komabe, zolinga za Gorbachev, ali abwino, chifukwa limafanana ndi zofunikira za "maganizo atsopano" m'munda wa ndale ndi mayiko ena. Lodziwa, iye anakonza atsopano kwa mfundo Soviet: nthabwala kukhala wokwanira kumasukirana, analola ena ufulu.

Komabe, iye miscalculated ndi timu yake, anatsimikiza kusiya ndodo zonse Utumiki mu malo ake. Shevardnadze ananyalanyaza ogwira rearrangement, umene ndi timu akale unagawika zigawo ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo anathandiza bwana watsopano atione kalembedwe wake, makhalidwe, maganizo ndi makhalidwe akatswiri. Komabe, ena anaima wotsutsana ndi kutchedwa chirichonse chimene chimapangitsa mtumiki latsopano yachilendo, kupusa, ndipo iye - Kutaisi Komsomol.

Shevardnadze ankadana asilikali kwambiri. Nduna ya za okhonda, kuti sizinawasangalatse zimaonekera, ankanena kuti kuopsa kwambiri kwa anthu Soviet umphawi wa anthu ndi chapamwamba njira zamakono limati mnzake, osati mivi American ndi ndege. Nkhondo ndi ubale ngati yokha ayi ntchito. Nthawi zonse ndi zonse zofunika, pamene Brezhnev ndi Andropov boma, akuluakulu a ku unduna wa silikhali anabwera kukumana moona mtima Shevardnadze poyera otsutsiratu ndi kumatsutsa molimba wake pa zochitika. Mwachitsanzo, mu Kusiya zokambirana Mikhail Moiseev, Chief ndodo, anati United States, zomwe, motsutsana ndi "eccentric" akazembe Soviet, iwo n'zabwinobwino.

Asilikali Soviet anachoka ku Eastern Europe, udani wa mutu ya unduna okhonda chawonjezeka, chifukwa utumiki mkati Germany kapena Czechoslovakia ambiri anali wokondedwa cholinga. Pomaliza, msonkhano wa atsogoleri a Utumiki a silikhali analamula kuti boma kupereka Gorbachev mlandu. Kenako, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti chifukwa nkhanza mfundo boma la Russia mu Caucasus cha mma 1990 ankadana amawagwiritsa ntchito Shevardnadze Russian asilikali. Komanso, otsatira ambiri a dongosolo Soviet amatsogoza udindo sakumvetsa kwambiri Eduarda Amvrosievicha a mwachibale kwa West, amene anapereka asaone iwo adani ndi mpikisano ndi zibwenzi. Ngakhale Gorbachev, wapanikizidwa amakhumudwa kuganiza mmene kusintha mtumiki.

Kusagwirizana ndi Gorbachev

Gorbachev ndi kusintha kwakukulu akhala bwino analandira mwa nomenklatura Soviet. Yogwira democratization wa anthu ndi kukonzanso chuma, komanso mfundo za glasnost tinakakumana ndi kukana aukali. Kopitilira muyeso-chikominisi wodzudzulidwa Shevardnadze pafupifupi chilichonse chimene chachitika mu msasa wa osauka. The theka lachiwiri la 80s Kunasonyeza mng'alu, amene anaonekera timakhala pakati Soviet mtsogoleri Gorbachev komanso nduna okhonda. Motero anali yosiya zaufulu mutu wa ya unduna okhonda mu 1990. Ndipo demarche wake Eduard Amvrosievich ndi aliyense mgwirizano. Chifukwa, oimira padziko lonse mmwamba ndi mantha, monga Gorbachev yekha, amene anali kupepesa ndi kukhazikitsanso zifukwa zimene mnzanu wake amene anali Eduard Shevardnadze. yonena ake, chikuphatikizapo ulendo wachiwiri kutenga malo a mutu wa Utumiki okhonda lapansi.

Bwererani ku malo a mtumiki yachilendo

Amadziwika kuti chigamulo cha kubwerera ku positi mutu wa a Unduna Woona za okhonda Sizinali zophweka kuti Shevardnadze. Ndi kuchita izo, Gorbachev analankhula iye ukangotha zokhumba za. Komabe, zimene poyamba anali kukana Edward. Komabe, pamene kugwa Soviet Union anakhala loopsa kwambiri weniweni, iye walola kukongoza thandizo ake. Pamene August 1991 anaukira White House, Shevardnadze anali pakati zokometsera. kukhalapo kwake kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri Gorbachev monga kunena kuti dziko lonse - ndi nomenklatura Soviet, ndi West - kuti onse anabwerera ku mipando yawo, ndi zotsatira za zokhumba chakumadzulo. anthu ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti Shevardnadze si chidwi mu USSR, koma Georgia. Shevardnadze ankati ankafuna ndi mwamphamvu anafuna kugwa kwa Union, kuti ufulu mabwalo a ku boma la boma la Russia. Komabe, si - ziri kwa otsiriza anayesa kuletsa kugwa kwa USSR ndi Ufumuyo ntchito zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, kusiya maulendo kunja, inenso zalowapo zopita ku likulu mabwalo a. Iye anazindikira kuti wolamulira Russia, lotsogoledwa ndi Boris Yeltsin, sadzakhala kunyumba, ndipo apo iye sanapereke ofesi iliyonse pa izo. Koma khama lake sanali bwino. Cacikulu, kuyesa wake wachiwiri kutenga malo akale masabata atatu okha.

Utsogoleri wa mwayekha Georgia

Kutha kwa Soviet Union kwa mtumiki wakale wa zaka 63 zimatanthauza chiyembekezo cha moyo wamtendere ndi osasamala kulikonse mu dziko. M'malo mwake, ndi malingaliro a ndodo Chijojiya boma anaganiza kuti atsogolere mwayekha Georgia. Izo zinachitika mu 1992, pambuyo kupasula Zviad Gamsakhurdia. homecoming m'nthawi yake zambiri poyerekeza ndi M'nkhani ya kuitana Scandinavia ku Russia. Chilakolako kubweretsa mabwalo a zochitika mkati kuti kusewera ndi maganizo kwambiri. Koma kuchita ntchito imeneyi, iye analephera: chimangidwe Chijojiya sichinayambe anagwirizana mu zonse. mbiri yake padziko lonse sanathandize iye, koma koposa zonse kukana amphamvu anakoloweka zida atsogoleri chigawenga. Pambuyo ntchito za mtengo wa mutu wa Georgia, Shevardnadze anali kulimbana ndi mavuto mu Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia, zomwe zinali chikwiyire ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo ake. Mothandizidwa ndi asilikali, komanso maganizo a anthu, anavomera mu 1992 ayambitse asilikali ku madera awa.

pulezidenti

Shevardnadze chinapambana pa chisankho cha Pulezident kawiri - mu 1995 ndi 2000. Iwo anali odziwika ndi malire lonse, koma sanakhale anazindikira dziko ngwazi. Nthawi zambiri amawanena kuti Kusakhazikika ake zachuma, kufooka poyerekezera Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia, komanso chivundi cha zida boma. Kawiri amapanga pofuna. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1995, iye anavulazidwa ndi bomba kuphulika. Patatha zaka zitatu, iye anafuna kupha. Koma nthawi ino, motorcade pulezidenti anabwera pansi moto kuchokera mfuti machine launchers grenade. Mutu wa boma anapulumutsidwa yekha ndi galimoto oti muli nazo zida. Za munthu amene anachita kuphedwa, ndi losadziwika. Mbali yoyamba ya akuganiza waukulu umachitika Igor Giorgadze, mkulu wakale wa misonkhano Chijojiya chitetezo. Iye mwiniyo okhudzidwa wawo poyesa kukana kubisala mu Russia. Koma pa Zomwe zinachitika wachiwiri nthawi zosiyana timaika patsogolo Baibulo kuti unapangidwa bungwe ndi zigawenga Chechen, zigawenga m'dera andale kutsutsidwa ndipo ngakhale Russian GRU.

yosiya

Mu November 2003 analengeza kuti chigonjetso cha kumbali ya Shevardnadze chifukwa cha chisankho aphungu. Komabe, andale chitsutso analengeza falsification zotsatira chisankho kuposa chikwiyire misa zionetsero. Mu mbiri ya chochitika ichi Lalembedwa ngati Rose utasintha. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi, Ndinavomera yosiya wa Shevardnadze. Boma latsopano anamuika kuti ndikagone, ndipo anapita kwa moyo wake mu nyumba yake ku Tbilisi.

Eduard Shevardnadze: chifukwa cha imfa

Iye anamaliza ntchito yake Eduard Amvrosievich July 7, 2014. Iye anafa pa 87 TH chaka cha moyo chifukwa cha matenda aakulu ndi yaitali. Kumanda Shevardnadze chithunzi limene lili pamwambapa ili paki malo okhala ake Krtsanisi kotala boma, komwe anakhala zaka zingapo zapitazi. Palinso manda ndi mkazi wake.