GDP mu chuma ndi chiyani? Gross mankhwala zoweta

Munthu wamba ndi maphunziro a zachuma ndi kovuta kumvetsa zimene GDP. Mu zachuma, chithunzi izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Ofotokoza Tikhoza kupeza mlingo wa chitukuko chuma dziko ndi mpikisano ake pa msika lonse.

Gross m'banja mankhwala (GDP) - mndandanda wa katundu (katundu), opangidwa ndi anthu okhala m'dera la dziko makamaka kwa chaka, m'kukoma mitengo chomaliza mankhwala.

Mwachidule, limapeza zoweta mankhwala - chiwerengero cha chuma chonse ndi ntchito opangidwa ndi makampani onse ndi mabungwe a dziko pa lipoti nthawi anapatsidwa (zambiri Akuti Chaka chino).

GDP Kodi mu chuma?

chizindikiro Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri mu kufufuza ntchito kwa chuma. Gross mankhwala m'banja amakhala ndi mlingo kukula ndi mlingo wa chitukuko. Nthawi zambiri GDP ntchito kuyeza kakhalidwe ka moyo wa anthu a deralo. Ikuluikulu nambala apamwamba imatengedwa muyezo wa moyo (kugwirizana akalozera ndi ulipo, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zizindikiro zina kutchula zachuma).

Mwadzina ndi weniweni aakulu mankhwala zoweta

GDP angakhale mitundu iwiri:

1. Mwadzina (masamu pa mitengo panopa nthawi).
2. Real (masamu mu nthawi yapita mitengo ofanana). Nthawi zambiri, kuyerekeza mitengo ya chaka chatha atengedwa.

Mawerengedwe a GDP weniweni amalola n'chongoletsa zotsatira pa kukula kugunda mtengo ndi kudziwa kuchuluka khoka chuma cha boma.

Nthawi zambiri, GDP ndi kuchita masamu zakwawoko Komabe, ngati pali kufunika kuyerekeza makhalidwe a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ziwalo, mwina ikumasuliridwa ndalama wina pa yoyenera mlingo kuwombola. Chulukitsani voliyumu ya GDP padziko lonse ili (2013).

Kubwelera (mnyumba zanu) njira mawerengedwe a GDP

GDP mu chuma ndi chiyani? Izi munazipereka, mlingo zachokera pa ziyenera a profitability eni zinthu kupanga. Yowerengera amapezeka ndi chimangirizo awo. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa GDP zikuphatikizapo zigawo izi:

• W - kobiri yonsene malipiro operekedwa antchito onse a dziko (anthu okhala mumzindawo komanso sanali anthu);
• Q - kuchuluka kwa zopereka zotchinjiriza moyo wa anthu;
• R - phindu (aakulu);
• P - ndalama wosanganiza (aakulu);
• T - misonkho (inatha ndi kupanga).

Choncho, chilinganizo Calculated ndi: GDP = W + Q + R + P + T

The mowa (kupanga) Njira

Chiwerengero mu njira ya ntchito yake, wobala osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a chomaliza mankhwala (amatanthauza mankhwala misonkhano kuti ndi phindu zina zenizeni). Ndi kuchotsedwa ndalama anthu kwa kupeza mankhwala komaliza ntchito ndipo adzakhala aakulu m'banja mankhwala. Mu mawerengedwe a GDP ndi akolola zakambidwa mwachidule motere:

• C - ndalama za anthu pa zosowa ogula;
• Ig - payekha chilungamo kulowetsedwa mu chuma (aakulu);
• G - zogula anthu (kugula boma la katundu)
• NX - wolowa ukonde (kusiyana pakati wolowa ndi imports ya boma).

GDP kuchita masamu mfundo: GDP = C + Ig + G + NX

The mawerengedwe a mtengo-anawonjezera

Economics Institute amalola mawerengedwe kuchuluka kwa GDP ndi kufunika anawonjezera. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu kupeza chizindikiro cholondola kopambana cha GDP, monga chitaya intermediates kuti akhoza molakwika kukhala m'gulu yomaliza njira kale takambirana. Ndiyo ntchito ya mawerengedwe a mtengo anawonjezera kuthetsa kuthekera ochuluka awiri. Mwachidule zizindikiro anawonjezera mtengo wa katundu yense ndi ntchito mu dziko, akhoza molondola kuwerengetsa GDP. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mtengo anawonjezera - ndi phindu msika wa katunduyo opanda mtengo wa katundu ndi zipangizo anagula kwa ogulitsa.

GDP pa munthu

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri ntchito ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha boma. Anatsimikiza mtima kugawa okwana GDP chiwerengero cha anthu a dziko ndiponso mmene ambiri mankhwala akhala chopangidwa kwa nthawi yeniyeni, pafupifupi aliyense wokhala boma. Komanso, chithunzi ichi amatchedwa "pa munthu ndalama".

Amagwiritsidwanso kambirimbiri chizindikiro cha vuto la zachuma ndi aakulu dziko mankhwala (GNP), yomwe mwachidule chomaliza mankhwala opangidwa pa dera la dziko ndi kunja. The chikhalidwe chachikulu ndicho kuti Mlengi wa zinthu ankakhala wa State kuti.

GDP mu chuma ndiponso udindo wake mu kusanthula kusintha taphunzira kale chiri. Choncho kodi GDP dzikoli lero?

Lolemekezeka la maiko ndi GDP mwadzina

mlingo uwu wapangidwa pa maziko a ikumasuliridwa madola pa msika (kapena anapereka akuluakulu), mlingo wa GDP mwadzina. The zachuma ndi kukhazikitsa kotero kuti chiwerengero cha m'mayiko osauka penapake m'munsi, pamene anayamba - ndi anakokomeza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti si n'komwe kusiyana mu mtengo wa mankhwala ofanana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Choncho, dazeni poyamba, malingana ndi IMF mu 2013, ali motere:

Lolemekezeka la maiko ndi mwadzina GDP pa munthu

Mlingo wa GDP pa munthu ndi zimasonyeza, koma osati chizindikiro cholondola kopambana cha chuma, monga zitsala limatchula sanaoneke za mafakitale chitukuko cha chuma, ndalama kupanga, ubwino wake, komanso zinthu zina ofunika a dongosolo la zachuma.

Mndandanda wa maiko 10 ndi amaudindo apamwamba pa munthu GDP, monga IMF deta cha 2013, motere:

kukula Russian zachuma liwiro vuto

Global mavuto njira, komanso zinthu zingapo zotengera malingaliridwe a zachuma achititsa kuti 2013-2014 kuti akamasuke ndi chuma cha Russia. Ya GDP, motero, kukula pang'onopang'ono. Motero malinga Alekseya Ulyukaeva, wonyamula udindo wa nduna ya Development Economic la Chitaganya cha Russia, 2013 kunali koipa kwa chuma Russian pambuyo 2008 mavuto chaka. Mu wake pa mankhwala aakulu m'banja Russia kuti si kuchuluka mofulumira ngati kuyembekezera. Choncho, kuyembekezera kuwonjezeka GDP utachepa dipatimenti kuchokera 3.6% mu nthawi oyambirira 2.4% mu June ndipo potsiriza 1.4% mu December.

Zinthu ku mafakitale komanso anakhalabe zomvetsa chisoni. Ngati migodi adakali kuwonjezeka pang'ono, kupanga anasonyezanso kufooka pang'ono. Kufufuma komanso kugunda ndi 0.5% kuposa kuyembekezera.

Zimayambitsa mavuto a mu chuma Russian

Choncho, tingathe kuona zizindikiro za stagnation mu chuma Russian. Pa pali zifukwa cholinga kuti akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2: mkati ndi kunja.

zinthu mkati

1. chuma ndi chitsanzo yaiwisi. Mu chitsanzo ichi, gawo lalikulu la ndalama chuma ndi chifukwa zopangira katundu, kenako anaphwa. Komanso chiwerengero cha buku la kupanga zoweta opanga ndi mpikisano ake.
2. Mavuto ndi chikoka ndalama. The chikhalidwe zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha madera munthu wa dziko ili kuli ndalama mu gawo lenileni la chuma. Lero, ndalama zambiri kumayiko ena angadabwe ndi kupanda kutetezedwa bailouts zotheka. Choncho ndikofunikira kukhwimitsa kulenga masiku zolimbana ndi malamulo chimango, komanso kulimbikitsa njira mayiko kusakanikirana.
3. Mkulu ndalama za ntchito malonda. Amenewa amanena za ndalama kwambiri pa chuma mapulani malipilo, yobwereka wa malo ndi m'madera komanso ndalama ofanana kupanga. M'pofunika kuchita ya njira zothetsera ndalama.

zinthu zina

1. General zachuma mu Europe. Chitukuko cha chuma dziko ndi cyclical ndi limodzi ndi zokondweretsa Yehova.
2. kuchepa mu wolowa (onse mu mtengo ndi gawo thupi). Chifukwa onse kwa sichikuyenda European chuma, ndi kutopa a zipangizo chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko.

Choncho, kuthetsa mavuto a zachuma ndi kofunika reorient makampani, patsogolo ndalama nyengo, komanso chiyembekezo kwa kusintha kwa mumaganiza za ambiri mwa chuma cha padziko lonse.