Pachaka anthu. mawerengedwe chilinganizo

Ziwerengero amathandiza ofufuza kuwunika njira zimene zimachitika mu dongosolo. zinthu zosiyanasiyana akhoza m'magulumagulu, poyerekeza ndi magulu ena ofanana. Anthu ndi njira mu dera chikhalidwe, timaphunzira ziwerengero mosamala kwambiri. Ndipotu, izo zimanyezimiritsa pa mlingo lonse, pali zinthu zaziwerengero.

Pachaka avareji ya anthu kumatanthauza maphunziro ambiri a zachuma pa mlingo zazikulu. Choncho, gulu zofunika deta nthawi zonse kuwunika kuti recalculated. Kufunika kwa chizindikiro, komanso njira kusanthula ali m'nkhani.

anthu

Kuti kudziwa pachaka anthu pafupifupi kwa mzinda, m'maboma kapena m'dziko, m'pofunika kumvetsa akamanena za nkhani ya kafukufuku. The vuto zaziwerengero angaonedwe ku kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana.

Population anatchula chiwerengero chonse cha anthu amene amakhala mmalire a m'gawo ena. Pakuti kusanthula zinthu zaziwerengero, chithunzi ichi imatengedwa mu nkhani ya kubereka achilengedwe (chonde ndi omwalira) ndi kusamuka. Komanso kufufuza kapangidwe ka anthu (msinkhu, kugonana, mlingo zachuma ndi zachikhalidwe, ndi zina zotero. D.). Pamene chiwerengero deta kusonyeza mmene zosiyanasiyana za resettlement wa anthu a m'dera lanu.

ziwerengero anthu kuphunzira ntchito ambiri mosabisa njira. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti zonse, maganizo kwambiri za chitukuko cha zizindikiro zaziwerengero.

Minda ya kusanthula

Avereji anthu pachaka Akuti ntchito makhalidwe magulu osiyanasiyana malingana ndi cholinga cha kuwunika. Chiwerengero chithunzi zomwe zachitika pa nthawi pa dera linalake, zikhoza kuganiziridwa pa nkhani ya mphamvu ya chonse cha anthu.

Kuti timvetse chifukwa pakhala kusintha zina, m'pofunika kupenda kayendedwe chilengedwe cha anthu ku ulendo wawo. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi kusanthula deta zogwirizana zedi. Ndi chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha grouping ya anthu, mapangidwe chiwerengero cha anthu, iwo ali m'magulu malinga ndi makhalidwe ena.

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku zikusonyeza mmene mu malo ena ali kunyumba kwa amuna ndi akazi, m'badwo iwo, kodi anthu ambiri a anthu ntchito, zaka kale woyenela mlingo maphunziro apamwamba.

mawerengedwe chilinganizo

Kuti kutembenuka kwa anthu, mitunduyi osiyana chagwiritsidwa. Koma nthawi zina zovuta mawerengedwe deta tchalitchi intervals angapo nthawi. Ngati muli ndi ndondomeko pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a nthawi, pachaka pafupifupi anthu (chilinganizo) ndi motere:

ChNsred. = (+ ChNn.p. ChNk.p.) / 2, pamene ChNsred. - pafupifupi chiwerengero cha anthu ChNn.p. - chiwerengero cha anthu pa chiyambi cha nthawi ChNk.p. - chiwerengero pa mapeto a nthawi.

Ngati ziwerengero usanasonkhanitsidwe mwezi uliwonse nthawi yophunzira, chilinganizo idzakhala:

ChNsred. = (+ 0,5CHN1 CHN2 ... NNP-1 + 0,5ChNp) (n-1), kumene CHN1, CHN2 ... NNP-1 - chiwerengero cha anthu pachiyambi la mweziwo, N - chiwerengero cha miyezi.

kusanthulidwe ka deta

Pachaka anthu, chilinganizo chimene waperekedwa pamwamba, zimatengera kuti awerengere nambala ya deta. M'pofunika awerengere nambala ya anthu amoyo okhazikika m'dera (PN). Pamafunikanso mndandanda wa anthu amene amakhala m'dera phunziro (NN).

Kuwonjezera chithunzi ichi, kuti kuphunzira zinthu zaziwerengero mu dziko kutenga nkhani m'gulu la mongoyembekezera akukhala anthu (EP). Komanso anthu mongoyembekezera kwina (MU) kutenga mbali wotchuka uja. Only muyeso izi kuchotsera pa kuchuluka okwana. Dongosolo la anthu wokhala ndi motere:

PN = NN + VP - MWA.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chizindikiro ndi lv VP, kuganizira imeneyi 6 miyezi nthawi. Ngati gulu la anthu okhala m'dera kuphunzira miyezi yoposa isanu, iwo ali m'magulu ndalama ndi osachepera theka la chaka - mmodzi kanthawi.

Kalembera anthu

Pachaka avareji ya anthu okhazikika kuchita masamu zochokera deta ku kalembera wa. Koma ndondomeko izi pamafunika ndalama kwambiri nthawi, khama ndiponso ndalama. Choncho, kuchita kalembera wa mwezi uliwonse kapena chaka sizingatheke.

Choncho, intervals pakati pa recalculation chiwerengero cha anthu mu dera kutsatira dongosolo la kuwerengetsera zomveka. Deta zowerengera pa mitengo kubadwa ndi imfa, kusamuka umayenda. Koma pa nthawi, amasonkhana ndi zolakwa zina manambalawo.

Choncho, molondola kudziwa anthu pafupifupi akadali chofunika kuchita nthawi kalembera.

kusanthulidwe ka deta ntchito

The mawerengedwe a anthu pafupifupi amachitika kuti anapitiriza kuphunzira njira zaziwerengero. The chifukwa kusanthula ntchito kuwerengetsa pa pamatenda ndi wobereketsa zachilengedwe kubalana. Iwo mopitirira mu kagawo ka gulu lililonse zaka.

Komanso, avareji ndi zothandiza kuyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha anthu wamphamvu ndi chuma yogwira. Izi zikhoza kuonedwa ya anthu amene anasiya kapena anafika pa dera la dziko kapena dera kudzera kusamuka. Izi zimathandiza kuti asa- kuthekera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito anaikira pano.

yogawa kabwino ka anthu ogwira ntchito ndi kiyi vuto la zachuma. Choncho, kufunika kwa kuwerenga chiwerengero cha anthu n'zovuta Musaone.

Vital

Pachaka anthu, ndi mawerengedwe chilinganizo chimene ankakambirana pamwamba, ndi yogwirira aziona chiwerengero osiyana. Mmodzi wa iwo amachita monga kayendedwe zachilengedwe a anthu. Ndi chifukwa kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe za kubadwa ndi imfa.

M'chaka cha pafupifupi chiwerengero cha anthu kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha ana akhanda ndi chepetse chiwerengero cha anthu akufa. Ndi njira yachibadwa ya moyo. Poyerekeza ndi avareji chiwerengero cha anthu zifukwa kuyenda achilengedwe. Ngati mlingo kubadwa kuposa mlingo imfa, kuwonjezeka zimawonedwa (ndi mosemphanitsa).

Komanso, pamene tikugwira kusanthula zimenezi imagwiridwa a anthu unagwa ndi magulu zaka. Zitero anali imfa mkulu mu gulu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kunena kuti muyezo wa okhala m'dera kuphunzira, ndi kuteteza moyo wa nzika.

kusamuka

Change chizindikiro cha chiwerengero cha anthu si chifukwa zinangokhalako zokha. Anthu kupita kuntchito kapena M'malo mwake, iwo anabwera ndi cholinga ntchito. Ngati osamukawo awa ndi kwina kapena pa chinthu kwa miyezi yoposa 6, izo ndithu kuganizira pomaliza.

Chochititsa chidwi kusamuka utuluke bwanji chuma. msika ntchito zikusintha monga winayo, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu amphamvu.

anthu pachaka avareji thandizo kupeza ndalama zonse kukula ndi kuchepetsa kotunga ntchito m'derali. Ngati otaya waukulu kwambiri anthu ochokera akubwera ku dziko, chidzawonjezeka ulova. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ntchito kumabweretsa kuchepetsa bajeti kuchepekedwa mu penshoni, malipiro a madokotala, aphunzitsi ndi zina zotero. D. Choncho, ulamuliro wa gulu zosamukasamuka komanso Zinkafunikiradi muyeso zinkaimira.

ntchito zachuma

Kuwonjezera kusintha kuchuluka kwa anthu dziko kapena dera, onetsetsani kuti agwire kusanthula structural. Childs, mlingo ndalama, pali magulu atatu a anthu.

Pachaka avareji ya anthu zachuma yogwira limachititsa amati ndi kugula mphamvu ya anthu, muyezo moyo wawo. M'mayiko otukuka, mbali yaikulu ya anthu imakhala ndi anthu ndi ndalama pafupifupi. Iwo akhoza kupeza zinthu zofunika chakudya nthawi kupanga ndalama zambiri, kuyenda.

M'mayikowa pali ochepa kwambiri kwa olemera ndi osauka. Ngati chiwerengero cha anthu ndi ukuwonjezeka ndalama zochepa kwambiri, lalikulu ndalama katundu imagwera pa bajeti. Izi amachepetsa muyezo wonse wa moyo.

magulu onse a anthu zachuma yogwira ali mu mawonekedwe a koefishienti ndi kulemekeza anthu pafupifupi.

Mwina tebulo

Kudziwa pachaka avareji ya anthu popanda kalembera wina, njira ya kumanga matebulo Mwina. chakuti ambiri njira zaziwerengero akhoza ananeneratu pasadakhale. Koma pali vuto kwambiri.

tebulo zachokera zinadziwika angapo. Natural kayendedwe ndi sizingasinthe, chifukwa inu sangafe ndi kubadwanso kawiri. kamodzi kokha angathe kubereka mwana wake woyamba. A ndondomeko zina za zochitika ayenera kuganizira. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe kulowa mu chikwati chachiwiri, ngati anawalemba choyamba.

Anthu ali m'magulu zaka. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo, Mwina wa zosayembekezereka ya chochitika makamaka ndi osiyana. Komanso kusanthula chiwerengero cha anthu otsata lililonse gulu.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu ndi zina Mwina kusuntha mu gulu linalake. Popeza Mapa wapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi gulu la anthu amene ali wamsinkhu ntchito, adzakhala anapuma. Choncho, akatswiri akhoza kulosera mmene anthu ambiri kulumikizana gulu lotsatira.

mapulani

Akukonzekera pa mlingo zazikulu sangathe kukhala popanda deta zowerengera. Pachaka chiwerengero cha anthu yogwira kupita naye nkhani za kafukufuku wa kakhalidwe ka moyo, mphamvu kugula, komanso chitukuko cha chikalata yaikulu chuma cha dziko (bajeti).

Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zake zolowa sangathe ananeneratu popanda kutenga nkhani chiwerengero ndi kapangidwe ka anthu dziko. Anthu ambiri ntchito m'munda wa sanali bajeti, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa ndalama zawo, wamkulu adzakhala kuthira mu ndalama bajeti.

Ngati ofufuza kudziwa dontho la mitsinje athandizira m'tsogolo, m'pofunika kukhala amayesetsa kuti zinthu zisinthe. Aliyense boma lili zaziwerengero yake amazilamulira wagawo gwero. Kupanga ntchito yatsopano, amacheza mfundo woyenera chikhalidwe, kulera opeza, n'zotheka kuti dziko lotukuka.

Analysis ndi kukonzekera za moyo zaziwerengero ndi ntchito kuvomerezedwa pafupifupi pachaka mitengo kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso zinthu zina structural. Choncho, kulondola kwa deta ndi kuphunzira adequacy popanga mapulani bajeti dziko kumadalira.

Kukhala ankaona chinthu monga Kuchuluka kwa anthu angathe kumvetsa kufunika chizindikiro ichi kwa kusanthula zazikulu za citukuko ndi mapulani. Ambiri mwa maulosi tsogolo la dziko, dera kapena mudzi womangidwa pambuyo deta yake ndi processing wa mfundo zogwirizana. Izi n'kofunika pa ntchito yokonza ndondomeko bajeti, ndi zina zambiri zikalata zofunika ndalama.