Kuryanovskoe mankhwala zipatala - zovuta kwa kuyeretsedwa kwa zisokonezo mumzinda ku Moscow

Zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu okhala mumzindawu mumadzimadzi ndi zinyumba, potsiriza zimakhala mamita mamiliyoni a mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi a madzi. Iwo akhala atagwetsedwa kwa zaka zambiri mu mtsinje wa Moscow. Poyeretsa, nyumba ziwiri zazikulu za aeration zamangidwa mumzindawu: ku Lyubertsy ndi m'tauni ya Pechatnik. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Kuryanovskoe mankhwala ochizira otseketsa omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu SEAD (kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa autonomous okrug) ndi akale kwambiri komanso aakulu kwambiri.

Kufotokozera mwachidule kwa chinthucho

Kumalo omwe amatumizidwa ndi siteshoni, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu amakhala - anthu oposa 6 miliyoni. Kuphatikizanso, malo ambiri opangidwira ali pafupi. Choncho, tsiku lirilonse sitima imatenga madzi okwanira - pafupifupi mamita 1.8 miliyoni ^3. Pa awa, 20% ali mu malo okhalamo, ndi 80% - mu gawo lopanga. Kumapezeka Kuryanovskaya sitima ku SEAD (Moscow), mu mafakitale zone zone Pechatniki, kumanzere-banking floodplain wa Moscow River. Pakalipano, malo ofunikira awa ndi chimodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Zonsezi zikuphatikizapo katatu (NKOS), zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza 1 million m ^{3 ya} madzi tsiku lililonse. Motero, palimodzi, chomera cha Kuryanovskoe chotsitsiramo kusinja chinapangidwa kuti chikhale cholemera cha 3 miliyoni m ³ pa maola 24.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Zinthu zoyamba pa siteshoniyi zinakhazikitsidwa mu 1939. Komabe, chifukwa cha WWII, ntchitoyi inaimitsidwa mpaka kalekale. Kutumiza kwa Kuryanovskoye chomera chonyansa cha chomera chinamalizidwa kokha mu 1950. Panthawi imeneyo sitimayo, ngati chinthu china chofanana, chinali kutali kwambiri ndi mzinda - pakati pa steppes ndi nkhalango, pafupi ndi zomera zingapo. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono malo a Moscow anawonjezeka, ndipo potsiriza sitimayo inali m'malire ake. Komanso, kale sizingazungulidwe ndi makampani ogulitsa mafakitale, komabe akugwira ntchito m'dera lino, komanso ndi malo ogona.

Inde, kuwonjezereka kwa katunduyo kunapangitsa kuti kupanga koyambirira kwa malowa kusakwanire. Choncho, mu 70s otsiriza atumwi Mosvodokanal kuyeretsa ntchito m'dera la Pechatnikov anaganiza kuti akule. Kumalo oyandikana ndi nyumba zakaleyi anamanga station ya Novokuryanovskaya, yokhala ndi ziwiri, zamakono zamakono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kanjira yawo, kanjira yatsopano yotuluka panatambasula.

Inde, pakapita nthawi, zomangamanga ndi malo atsopano anakhala osatha. Choncho, mu 2011, adayamba nthawi zambiri. Pakalipano, ntchito izi zatha.

Chigawo cha Pechatniki (Moscow)

Chigawo chonse cha chigawo ichi ndi 17.89 km ² . Pechatniki ili ndi misewu 30. Mpaka lero, anthu pafupifupi 75,000 amakhala pafupi ndi chomera cha Kuryanovskiy.

Pofuna kukhala m'dera la Pechatniki panthawiyi akuwoneka bwino. Zomangamanga pano zili bwino kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pali malo awiri a metro ndi zinai - kayendetsedwe ka Kursk ya Moscow Railway. Mpaka posachedwa, palibe amene ankafuna kugula malo m'dera la Pechatniki. Chinthu chonsecho chinali mu fungo losasangalatsa lomwe linkafalikira ku chithandizo cha mankhwala osamba. Komabe, posachedwapa vuto ili lasinthidwa kwathunthu. Za momwe tingalankhulire pansipa.

Kujambula kwasitima

Kuryanovskiy complex, motero - uwu ndiwo malo akuluakulu ochiritsira oyendetsa zitsamba ku Moscow. Njira yothandizira anthu ku malowa ikuyamba ndi imodzi mwa zipinda zitatu zomwe zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kwa osonkhanitsa. Motero kuyendetsa kwa madzi osambira pamsewu pansi pa nthaka kumaperekedwa ndi sitima ya NQF (kupyolera mu nyumba yopangira zitsulo). Masiku ano, zotentha zimabwera makamaka kumalo awiri a sitima yatsopano. Mipuipi iliyonse yomwe imadyetsa makoswe ku NNSC ikhoza kutsekedwa ndi ziphuphu zake . Asanalowe m'malo oyeretsa, zowonongeka zimadyetsedwa kumanga nyumba zopangira zoyamba zopangira. Kenaka amaponyedwa ku msampha wamchenga. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zotupa zimadyetsedwa sequentially:

• M'matangi oyambirira a sedimentation;

• Mphepo;

• Muzitanki zachiwiri za sedimentation;

• M'chipinda chodutsa.

Mlengalenga mumatumba a aeration amadyetsedwa kuchokera ku injini yayikulu yomwe ili ndi zida zapamwamba zamagetsi. Matope ochokera ku zitsulo zam'madzi amalowa mumtsuko wapadera wa methane kumene kuthirira kwake kukuchitika. Mpweya wotulutsidwa chifukwa cha njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa TPP yaing'ono yomwe inamangidwa pafupi. Zosangalatsa zowonjezera zothetsera vutoli zinapangitsa kupereka Kuryanovskoe kuchipatala malo omwe ali ndi magetsi ake ndi 60%. Pamapeto pake, madzi oyeretsedwa kale akuyenda kudzera mu msewu wa nthambi kupita ku mtsinje wa Moscow. Pa gawo lonse la masitepe, matanthwe amadutsa mphamvu yokoka. Kuti muchite izi, zipangizo zamakono zoyeretsera zili pansipa.

Kodi ntchito yoyeretsa makina?

Kwenikweni, luso lokonza madzi osokoneza ndi akatswiri a Vodokanal LLC (Moscow) linaganiziridwa kupyolera mu mfundo zochepa kwambiri. Mu nyumba yosanja, madzi osungirako amachitidwa poyamba. Pano, zazikulu zowonongeka zimachotsedwa kwa iwo. Pachifukwachi, adadutsa kupyolera mwapadera. Zomalizazi zimaimira chinachake monga chidebe chachikulu, chokhazikika pamadzi. Kusankha zitsamba zazikulu - pulasitiki yowonongeka, kuimika kuchokera ku mabotolo, zidutswa za polyethylene, masamba, udzu, ndi zina zotero - pa belt yomwe imatumizidwa kubwezeretsanso. Zokongola ngati zikhoza kuoneka, mavuto ambiri kwa ogwira ntchito ku msonkhanowa amaperekedwa ndi masamba a thonje wamba. Miyeso yawo mu njira yopitilirapo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, choncho amatha kudutsa mumsewu wa zitsulo.

Nyumba yomanga makina oyambirira imagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amakhala ndi malo ake okhawo. Pambuyo pomanga zidazi, zimbudzi zimalowa mumsampha wapadera kuti aziyeretsedwe kuchokera ku zinyalala zazing'ono. Mafuta osungunuka osungunuka omwe amagawanika ndi owonongeka amawatsuka ndikusungidwa ku mafakitale omwe amapanga makina osungirako zinthu, mabala, ndi zina zotero.

Kuyeretsa zamoyo

Inde, kuti kuyeretsa kwabwino kwa madzi kuchotsa kwa izo zowonongeka kawirikawiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosakaniza zamakina sikokwanira. Kuryanovskiye aeration sites ndi zamakono zovuta, ndi zotentha zomwe zimakhalanso ndi zoyeretsa kuyeretsedwa. Pambuyo pa mchenga, amalowa matanki apamwamba. Pano, zidutswa zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi zimakhala pansi pansi pa mphamvu yokoka. Mbali iliyonse ya NNSC ili ndi mafunde 8.

Pambuyo pokonza matanki, madzi amadyetsedwa m'matangadza a aeration. Izi ndizo zida zapadera zomwe zili ndi biologically active sludge. Mabakiteriya omwe amakhala mmenemo amayamba kugwira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane utsi wotsalira m'madzi. Ndipotu, ndondomeko yomweyo imapezeka mu matupi a chilengedwe. Komabe, kuyeretsa kumakhala mofulumira pa siteshoni. Katswiri wa zamankhwala pa WWTP amapereka chakudya cha mpweya wabwino m'matangi a aeration. Ndiwopatsa mphamvu zachibadwa za ntchito ya bakiteriya. Chitsamba chochiritsira pamasitiramu pamasitiramu chikuphatikizapo, monga tazitchula kale, chipinda chamakompyuta chomwe chinamangidwa chifukwa chaichi. Kuchokera apa kupita ku ziphuphu kuti mpweya umayenera kuti mabakiteriya ayende.

Kuvuta kwakukulu pa gawoli la kuyeretsa ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yochotsera mapulaneti yovuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, popanda mpweya, mabakiteriya omwe amakhala mu tank ya aeration akhoza kufa mkati mwa maola angapo chabe. Chiwerengero chawo chibwezeretsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali - kwa miyezi ingapo.

Madzi otenthawa atatha, pafupifupi madzi oyera ayamba kulowa m'sitima yachiwiri. Panthawi iyi, otsala a sludge yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amachotsedwa. Pansi pa sande iliyonse yachiwiri pali njira yapadera - sludge digger. Chida ichi chimasonkhanitsa sediment mu tray yaikulu. Komanso, silt imatumizidwa ku malo apadera omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 60 kuchokera ku likulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito methane

Silt mu tank ya aeration imachulukana nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zosungidwa pang'ono. M'tsogolo, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kachiwiri. Mbali yayikulu ya silt yochulukira imatumizidwa ku kuyaka m'mabotolo apadera omwe ali pansi pamtunda - matanki a methane. Pano, sludge imatenthedwa mpaka 54 ^° C, chifukwa cha zomwe zimayamba kuchitika ndi kusintha kwa mpweya. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa TPP kuti apange magetsi.

TPP

The TPP ya Kuryanovskaya zonyansa zotsamba mankhwala (Pechatniki chigawo, Moscow) ndi wapadera kwambiri. Palibe zifaniziro za mtundu uliwonse padziko lapansi. Kupanga chinthu ichi chomwe chinasankhidwa mu 2005, pambuyo pa ngozi yaikulu, yomwe inachititsa kuti theka la Moscow likhale lopanda mphamvu, kuphatikizapo chipinda cha injini ya CBS. Tsiku lomwelo, mabakiteriya m'mphepete mwa nyanja sanalandire mpweya umene amafunikira kwa maola pafupifupi atatu. Ntchito yomanga TPP idapatulapo mwayi wokhala wobwereza mkhalidwe wosasangalatsa.

Kodi kusanthula kusamba kwa madzi kumatheka motani?

Ndipotu, madzi omwe amachokera ku mtsinje wa Moscow pa siteshoni amayang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kafukufuku wamakono amachitika pang'onopang'ono, malinga ndi zotsatirazi:

• Chromaticity;

• Kutentha;

• Kusuta;

• Degree of transparency.

Choyimira choyamba chimayesedwa mu madigiri a platinum-cobalt. Kutentha, fungo ndi kuwonetsera - pazithunzi. Kusanthula kwa madzi madzi osokoneza kumachitika pa pH ndikuchitapo kanthu kwa zosafunika zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi chizindikiro chomaliza, kusamba kwa madzi kungagawidwe m'magulu anayi:

• Kusamba kwa mumsewu (zotsalira zouma - zosakwana 500 mg / l);

• Gawo lachiwiri (mafakitale okwera mafakitala kufika 5000 mg / l);

• Gawo lachitatu (kuposa 5000 mg / l);

• Gawo lachinai (oposa 30,000 mg / l).

Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi Kuryanovskaya siteshoni ku SEAD dera (Moscow) zikugwirizana ndi SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00.

Kodi zinyalala zimapita kuti?

Kuchokera kumudzi wachiwiri yemwe adayambanso kuyeretsa madzi akulowa m'chipinda cholowa. Komanso, amadyetsedwa mumtsinje wa Moscow womwe umagwirizanitsa ndi mtsinje wa Moscow, womwe uli kutalika mamita 700. Mpaka posachedwa, chithandizo chamatsinje chimatha . Koma zaka zingapo zapitazo nyumba yatsopano yowononga ma disinfection inamangidwa pa ngalande. Apa mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti asatetezedwe ndi ma radiviolet. Pambuyo pochita chithandizo m'madzi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana timatayika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, Kuryanovskoye ochizira osamalidwa bwino akutsitsimulidwa tsopano mumtsinje wa Moscow osati kokha kutsukidwa bwino, koma kwathunthu kutetezedwa ndi disinfected. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe.

Nsomba mu ngalande

Mtengo wamasewu pa siteshoni ya Kuryanovskaya, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi Vodokanal LLC (Moscow), ndithudi ndipamwamba kwambiri. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuti nsomba zambiri zimakhala mumsewu wopotoka. Nthawi ina, anthu ammudzi ambiri amachita nawo nsomba. Komabe, osati kale kwambiri pakhomo lolowera sitima ya alendo silinatsekedwe. Lamuloli tsopano likuyang'aniridwa ndi alonda, osati kulola gawo la anthu okonda nsomba okha, komanso anyamata a kumeneko.

Futa

Pakadali pano, palibe mavuto okhudzana ndi zipatala, a Muscovites amene adasankha malo a Pechatniki kuti azikhalamo, samawona. Koma posachedwapa, kuchokera kumalo a malowa, fungo losasangalatsa, lopweteka kwambiri likufalikira kudera lonselo. Mu 2012, atapempha mobwerezabwereza anthu okhala ku ofesi ya boma ndi Moscow, adasankha chisankho kuti akonzenso malowa. Chifukwa chake, zipinda zamakono zomwe zinali pakhomo, pafupifupi pamwamba pake, zinali ndi galasi.

Pofuna kuteteza kufalikira kwa fungo kuchokera kumatangi oyambirira a sedimentation adagwiritsanso ntchito chivindikirocho. Koma pakadali pano makapu amkuwa anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpaka lero, zidazi zatsekedwa mwamsanga ndi zikopa ziwiri - patoon yoyandama ndi console pamwamba. Malo otchedwa Kuryanovske aeration ndi malo ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso osagula. Zina zomwe zinawonongeka kale zidutswa zadothi zinathetsedwa panthawi yamakono.