Gombe lamtundu ndi kufunika kwake

Tsopano, kuti mumve mawu akuti "makompyuta", simukusowa kupita kumasitolo apadera kapena kukhala ndi zipangizo zamakompyuta. Ngakhale ophunzira a makalasi akuluakulu amadziwa bwino nkhaniyi.

Pa mawu akuti "doko" munthu amakhala ndi doko lapamwamba, pamene sitima zazikulu zimapita, zimapereka katundu ndi kukweza katundu. Mu matekinoloje a makompyuta, phukusi loperekedwa-zotuluka ndilo limodzi la mawonekedwe a hardware omwe amafunikila kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zamkati ndi zowona ku basi ya data ya motherboard. Kuchokera pa makompyuta oyambirira, paliponse paliponse zosiyana siyana, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ena apulumuka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale masiku athu ano. Kotero, sitima yachitsulo ambiri makina opanga makina anayamba kuyambiranso kuzinthu zawo.

N'chifukwa chiyani ndizodabwitsa kwambiri? Gombe lamakono lachitsulo (nthawi zina amatchedwa COM, kuchokera ku Chingerezi mawu akuti "Kulumikiza") anawonekera mu zoyamba zofanana za IBM zogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa mbewa, modem, zowonjezera ndi kupanga bungwe losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta awiri (null null modem cable). Imodzi mwa ubwino wokhala ndi doko lalikulu ndi kuphweka kwa hardware ndi pulojekiti yotsegulira.

Thupi limayimilidwa ndi chojambulira 9 kapena 25 pin. Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi mkati mwake kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, sequentially (mwa njira, kuyambira pano dzina lachiwiri lachitika). Pulogalamuyi siimapatsa mafayilo nthawi iliyonse pakati pa mabedi 16 (2 bytes). Chifukwa cha mbali imeneyi, doko lalikulu limatchedwa asynchronous.

Ndiyenela kudziŵa kuti chiwerengero chazomwe chidziwitso chidalamuliridwabe. Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wogwiritsa ntchito hardware umalola liwiro la 115 200 pamphindi pamphindi (baud), ngakhale kuti mawindo opangira ma Windows nthawi zambiri amalephera kufika pa 9600 (wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kupanga kusintha kwa wothandizira chipangizo). Mosiyana ndi mautumiki ena osiyanasiyana (USB, FireWire), timabowo sitinasonkhanitsidwe mu mapaketi, koma timafalikira pamene akufika.

Dongosolo lofala la USB linayambika kutulutsa COM (RS-232C) yakukalamba kuchokera ku msika. Chotsatira chimenechi chinali chosapeŵeka, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chinapangidwa kwambiri ndi 921600 baud, zomwe sizinali zokwanira (poyerekezera ndi USB ndi 480 MB / s). Chotsatira chachiwiri chojambula ndi chovuta cha kugwirizanitsa kotentha: kuyesa kugwirizanitsa chipangizo ku doko lachidutswa ndi kompyuta yogwira ntchito kunachititsa kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kusowa kwa matekinoloje a Plug & Play, ndipo poipa kwambiri - kulephereka kwa chipangizo chomwecho ndi woyang'anira Khomo la COM pa bolodi (bokosi lowonjezera).

Chifukwa cha izi, zaka zingapo zapitazo makhadi onse omwe anamasulidwa analibe khomo la COM, monga momwe zinachitikira ndi PS / 2 ndi AGP. Komabe, malo ambiri omwe alipo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ntchito ndi doko lalikulu, opanga okakamizidwa kubwerera COM komanso LPT (kufanana). Mosakayika, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri adawauza "zikomo". Pambuyo pake, kuti musinthe kachiwiri kachilombo ka satellite, simukusowa kufufuza kompyuta yakale kapena kugula osatembenuza osayenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri omwe amapanga mapulogalamu amagwiritsanso ntchito pa doko lalikulu, popeza mapulogalamu olembera kulemba sizimayambitsa mavuto apadera.

Chochititsa chidwi, kuti zipangizo zamakono zamakono zogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera m'dongosolo la opaleshoni zimatsanzira khomo lawo la COM. Izi ndi mafoni a m'manja, ma-modems a ma wailesi, ma adapala a Bluetooth , ndi zina. Inde, maonekedwe a chiwongolero choterechi amaposa kupititsa patsogolo.