Grotesque: zitsanzo mabuku. Kodi ntchito grotesque?

Mawu "grotesque" zichokela ku French otanthauza "azithunzithunzi", "woseketsa", "zosamvetsetseka", "chodabwitsa." Ndi phwando wamkulu mu mabuku, kumene monga okokomeza zachokera kusinjirira, kukulitsa makhalidwe a anthu, komanso katundu wa zochitika zachilengedwe, zinthu, zokhudza moyo chikhalidwe. Koma mu kukokomeza grotesque ali ndi khalidwe lapadera: ndi wosangalatsa, amene si kwathunthu anasonyeza akuimira kupitirira otchedwa moyo, koma yovomerezeka, ndi mosavuta udindo Nkosatheka. Mkhalidwe singasiyanitsidwe amene pali grotesque (zitsanzo ife akadali kulingalira) - ndi mapindikidwe wosangalatsa wa zenizeni alipo.

Zikamera akuti

Mawu akuti anaonekera m'ma 15 kunena kuti mtundu wa zithunzi zokongola, ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Mu umodzi wa mapanga a Roma pa zofukulidwa yambiri chidwi ndi choyambirira anapezeka zimene zapiringizana wosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana anthu, nyama ndi zomera mitundu.

Kodi ntchito grotesque?

Pamodzi ndi okokomeza, ntchito ambiri amasimbira, nthano za grotesque. Zitsanzo za mu Mitundu izi achuluka. Imodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani - njira Koshchey Wosafa.

Writers, kulenga zilembo zochokera grotesque, ntchito monga luso msonkhano oona. Choncho angakwanitse wolungama (mwachitsanzo, mu kufotokoza Khlestakov Petersburg moyo, yomwe ndi chotsatira chilakolako khalidwe kugona). Ntchito Lermontov ndi njira imeneyi ntchito fano chikondi zochitika ndi zilembo. Bukuli lili ngakhale zotheka, koma yapadera. Blurring malire pakati weniweni ndi wosangalatsa, koma kutha.

Maziko a grotesque

Chosatheka, Sindingachite, koma chofunikira kwa wolemba kuti kukwaniritsa zina zotsatira luso ndi maziko a grotesque. Choncho, ndi okokomeza wosangalatsa, mwachizolowezi kukokomeza ndi kuyandikira ku chenicheni, pamene grotesque - loto nightmarish, kumene kuganiza zosangalatsa Dreamscapes lomveka sangakhale, akhoza kukhala zoopsa "chowonadi" kwa anthu. Umagwirizana zikamera wa zithunzi grotesque ndi njira zovuta, ndilo mtima wa munthu. Iwo kucheza kanthu ndipo sadziwa. Zochokera kusinjirira za zithunzi chidwi ife ntchito analengedwa ndi olemba mbadwa, n'zosadabwitsa pali zambiri za anthu a maloto. Ndi kwambiri zambiri ntchito grotesque. Zitsanzo mu mabuku zotsatirazi: izo maloto Tatiana Larinoj ndi Raskolnikova.

zinthu Fi ndi maloto Larinoj Raskolnikova

Maloto Tatyany Larinoy (tinachita "Eugene Onegin", mutu wachisanu) ladzala ndi zithunzi za mizukwa, amene ali grotesque. Mantha, amaona khalidwe mu oipa kanyumba kuvina wosangalatsa, umene ntchito mu chifanizo grotesque. Zitsanzo: "chigaza pa tsekwe khosi", "khansa astride kangaude ndi," "kutchire kukakumba ndikafuna kudzithandiza kuvina" mphero.

Mu maloto, Raskolnikov ndi njira wosangalatsa wa kuseka mkazi wakale analenga, zomwe zimachitika ku grotesque. Psychological lofanana ndi choonadi openga masomphenya a ngwazi: lake nkhondo ndi zoipa, zomwe ndiwo fano anali "zilonda akale mkazi," kumapeto kunapezeka kuti basi mopusa kulimbana, ngati wina ikuchitika ndi makina oyendera mphepo Don Quixote. Only zoipa akusekerera mwamphamvu pa Raskolnikov. Kodi iye amafuna popemphera kwa kumupha, natenepa ukunka ndi ena kuti izo yekha.

Pawiri zithunzi ziriri, zinthu zochitika

Ndi alembi osiyanasiyana pa maziko a grotesque zithunzi za luso tikuona chotheka mwamtheradi, akuimira Pamaso pa bwino. Maganizo ndi limaonetseratu Akumenya mmene zimakhazikika zambiri chifukwa chakuti zithunzi ngati interacts ndi ziriri, wamba ndithu, zochitika ndithu, zochitika.

zinthu Zosatheka mu maloto ndi Larinoj Raskolnikova

Zochitika kwenikweni onse a mankhwala awa ali grotesque, ndipo osati iwo: Zitsanzo kuchokera mabuku, ntchito kuperekedwa ndi olemba ena amasonyeza kupezeka kwa zinthu ziwiri mmenemo (chifukwa sankayembekezera nkhambakamwa). Mwachitsanzo, mu kutulo amene walota Tatyana otchulidwa zimabereka mizukwa mantha mosavuta kuzindikira Lensky ndi Onegin.

Mu ngwazi maloto zolinga Raskolnikov ndi fano grotesque za moyo wa M'nkhani ya amene akuseka mkazi wakale ankafotokozedwa si weniweni. Ndi loto chabe, ndi chikumbukiro cha mbali yaikulu wakupha sadalole. Palibe zapamwamba si nkhwangwa, ndi zigawenga.

Kugwiritsa grotesque satirical wolemba

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza zochitika wamba tsiku ndi tsiku chikhalidwe ndi zithunzi grotesque zosiyanasiyana satirical wolemba. Choncho, mafano a Meya mzinda Glupov, mmodzi amene "limba ndi" m'malo mwa ubongo, ndi ena pa mapewa modzaza mutu, zinalengedwa "Mbiri ya Town" ndi Saltykov-Shchedrin.

nkhani limeneli lili ndi zambiri ndi zina grotesque, zinthu zosakhulupirika (nkhondo amene ankakana ntchito mpiru; "Nkhondo ya maphunziro", etc ...). Onse a iwo anabweretsa wolemba kwa chotheka, koma kusonyeza Russia mikangano wamba ndithu ndi zotsutsana pakati pa anthu ndi mphamvu samodurnoy.

Tinakambirana mwachidule za chiyani grotesque. Zitsanzo m'mabuku wofu- ena. Iwo achuluka kwambiri. Choncho, wotchuka kwambiri chodabwitsa - ndi grotesque. Zitsanzo chinenero cha Chirasha akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi ntchito za olemba zakunja komanso mwa ntchito zawo, ili njira luso ntchito mwakhama kwambiri.