Ground mpweya sing'anga: peculiarities chilengedwe ndi makhalidwe ake

zamoyo zonse zokhala wathu, dziko akukhala mu umphawi, amene akufanana ndi mlingo wa chitukuko, mbali ya gulu ndi ntchito zamoyo. Okhala chilengedwe dziko mpweya? Features za chilengedwe, umene uli waukulu kwambiri, ndipo zambiri tikambirana nkhani.

ndi malo Kodi

Habitat zamoyo kutchedwa chirichonse lozungulira iwo. Ndipo chachibadwa zinthu, koma zimene analenga munthu.

Zachilengedwe ndikupeza malo angapo. Izi pansi mpweya, madzi, nthaka. Zamoyo angathe kutumikira monga malo. Mwachitsanzo, mu ducts ndi matumbo nyama parasitize mitundu ina ya mphutsi mosabisa ndi lozungulira.

Kuchotsedwa malo onse biosphere lapansi. Izi chigoba cha Earth, kumene moyo n'zotheka. Koma munthu wa ntchito zawo kotero kusandulika kuti akatswiri apeza maphunziro zina. Njirayi imatchedwa noosphere. Izi chigoba cha dziko analengedwa ndi zochita za anthu.

magulu akuluakulu a zinthu zachilengedwe

mawu onse a chilengedwe, amene ena tingati pati pa thupi, anatchula zinthu monga chilengedwe. Iwo zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Koma ndi chikhalidwe cha mmene iwo anawagawa m'magulu angapo.

• Woyamba umabweretsa pamodzi onse zinthu za chilengedwe zopanda moyo. Iwo amatchedwa abiotic. ndalamazo kwa dzuwa, kutentha mpweya, chifunga ndi cheza nyukiliya, malangizo mphepo ndi chikhalidwe cha alili. Zamoyo za m'madzi mtundu uwu amenewa ndi mafunde.
• zinthu Biotic ophatikizana chikoka cha mitundu yonse ya zamoyo ndi ubale wawo kwa wina ndi mzake. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa, ndale zolusa neri Al.
• zochita za anthu, kusintha chilengedwe, akuimira gulu la zinthu anthu.

Habitat zinthu zamoyo

Aliyense malo ali mbali yake yapadera ndi makhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, madzi kuposa zinthu zina akuzisunga kutentha, kotero oscillations kutentha momwemo negligible. A zotsatira nthaka kuwala ndi kutentha zambiri sanamvere. Gawo la thupi ndi njira parasitic wa moyo, tikukhala mu matupi ena. The kanthu ndiponso kufunika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe lotero chimasungidwanso yochepa.

Features wa malo pansi mpweya kwagona kuti ndi ambiri osiyanasiyana ndi zovuta. Zimenezi ali tsatanetsatane.

Features chilengedwe moyo pansi mpweya

Kuvuta kwa kapangidwe ndi zikhalidwe za chilengedwe chifukwa chakuti kuti ili pamphambano ya nembanemba angapo Hrs - hydro, litho - ndi mlengalenga. Choncho, tizilombo kuti azikhala ali ndi mfundo ya aliyense wa iwo. zizindikiro zawo structural kuwalola kupirira kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, kusintha mankhwala zikuchokera mpweya ndi chinyezi.

zinthu Abiotic ndi chilengedwe pansi mpweya

Features wa malo pansi mpweya monga zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, ndi osalimba kunsi kwa mpweya. The kachulukidwe otsika ya misa mpweya amalola okhalamo ake mosavuta kusuntha pansi kapena kuwuluka.

Chinthu china ndi mpweya likuyenda nthawi zonse. Izi "otaya" amapereka makina kayendedwe ka anthu ambiri ndi zinthu zawo kagayidwe kachakudya. mbewu Zomera, spores wa bowa ndi mabakiteriya, tizilombo yaing'ono ndi arachnids. Pankhaniyi kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu chilengedwe ali otsika index amene bwinobwino ndi 760 mamilimita Hg. Change zoopsa zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kuphwanya njira thupi la m'deralo. Choncho, pamene zoipazi amachepetsa ndi luso okwera kupasuka mpweya mu madzi a m'magazi. Chifukwa, izo zimakhala zochepa kupuma amakhala pafupipafupi, chifukwa mu imfa kwambiri chinyezi.

Zamoyo chilengedwe pansi mpweya

Mmodzi mwa maonekedwe a zamoyo zonse ndi luso atengere. Makamaka nyama komanso mpweya chilengedwe, komanso zamoyo zina, kwagona kuti onse ali mu ndondomeko ya kusanduka anapeza anatengera kwa kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, nyengo ndi nyengo kusintha.

Mwachitsanzo, zomera zambiri kuona chilala ndi ozizira ndi zosintha a mizu ndi mphukira. Anyezi ndi liki tulip mizu ya karoti ndi Beet masamba a madzi aloe amasungidwa ndi popanga zipangizo. The spores wa tizilombo zomera, maselo nyama ndi kunditumiza ku zovuta m'chigawo cha cysts. Komabe, iwo ataphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo wandiweyani, ndi njira zonse kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuchepetsedwa yochepa. Pamene nthawi akumane udzatha, maselo zidzasankhidwa ndi kunditumiza ku kuli yogwira.

Nyama zambiri, pansi mpweya sing'anga popangidwa ndi dongosolo kuipidwa wa thermoregulation ndi kutentha ndi kuzizira chilengedwe, chifukwa chimene kutentha thupi lawo sichitha kaya nyengo.

Mmene chinthu anthropogenic

zochita za anthu anasintha kwambiri ndi chilengedwe pansi mpweya. Features a chilengedwe amene anali pa zachilengedwe choyamba, akhala ngati mwina yekha mu zipululu kozizira. Low kutentha kupanga malo zachilengedwezi aziopa. Choncho, makamaka zamoyo chilengedwe pansi mpweya kwagona kuti ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa zifukwa anthu poyerekeza okhalamo zina niches zachilengedwe.

Man otembenuka malo achilengedwe ndi mtunda, kusintha mafuta zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, mankhwala chifukwa cha nthaka amakhudza chiyero cha madzi. Osati zamoyo zonse nthawi kuti azolowere mofulumira kusintha zinthu chifukwa cha chikoka cha zinthu anthropogenic. Mwatsoka, mthunzi zimakhudza anthu pa chilengedwe dziko mpweya panopa kugonjetsa anayesetsa kuti apulumutse moyo.

Global kudera nkhawa kwambiri zachilengedwe pansi mpweya malo

Monga anakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe dziko mpweya opangidwa? Features za chilengedwe, thupi zizindikiro zikuluzikulu m'madera ambiri achilengedwe oyenera moyo, anasintha. Izi zapangitsa kuti zikamera wa mavuto a zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi. Industrial ntchito kwachititsa kusintha mafuta zikuchokera m'mlengalenga. Chifukwa, mpweya amalenga lalikulu, poyerekeza ndi mwakale, anthu ambiri mpweya woipa kudziunjikira oxides a sulfa ndi asafe, freons. Zotsatira - KUTENTHA, zotsatira kutentha, kuonongeka kwa wosanjikiza ozoni, asidi mvula, chifunga pa m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

Chifukwa cha kasamalidwe osauka zachilengedwe amachepetsa malo okwana nkhalango, ndiwo "mapapo" a dziko lathuli, kupereka moyo mpweya onse. Patapita nthawi, zinthu mchere ndi kutopa ndi kuchepekela chonde.

Choncho, m'pofunika kwambiri osiyanasiyana chilengedwe pansi mpweya. NKHANI Environment bodza malo ake pamphambano ya zachilengedwe envulopu angapo linalake. makhalidwe Aika ndi otsika kachulukidwe, kuthamanga ndi kayendedwe ka misa mpweya, mosalekeza mumlengalenga mafuta zikuchokera, ndi osakhalitsa wa mode kutentha, kusintha nyengo ndi nyengo. Zofunika makamaka kugwira ntchito yachibadwa chilengedwe pansi mpweya ali chinyezi ndi ntchito kutentha.