Harem - ndichiyani? Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha East

Mu dziko muli ochepa zochitika poyera, tanthauzo lenileni la zimene zatsalira chobisika chophimba mwachinsinsi anthu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo lina, atha kutumikira ngati harems. Za iwo kamodzi pa moyo wanga anamva aliyense koma kopita woona, chipangizo, malamulo a moyo mwa iwo, ochepa mukudziwa. Koma pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi chidwi ndi funso "Harem: chiyani icho"

nkhani za m'mbiri

Mawu "harem" ali ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. chinenero Turkey izo anaitenga ku Arabic, ndipo panali ku ankalankhula atazindikira. Koma mtundu uliwonse akuimira wopatulika, chinsinsi ndi kutetezedwa view danga.

harems Sultan monga zochitika za cikhalidwe mu East, ndi chiyambi chawo mu kutali 1365, pamene Sultan Murad Ine anamanga nyumba zazikulu zimene zinasonyeza mphamvu za mphamvu zake zazikuluzo. Komabe, harem tingachipeze powerenga ndi chuma bungwe bwino yachifumu anaonekera mu Ottoman atalandidwa Constantinople ndi Sultan Mehmed Fatih, mu 1453. Ndipo kufunika kwake adanyamuka chakuti anthu ankhanza ndi kupeza mphamvu ya sultans Ottoman sanali malo akazi. Kuti ndi nkhani yeniyeni ya harem umayamba nthawi imeneyi. Ndiyeno anawonjezera adzakazi ku dziko lonse, ndipo mwamuna boma pa sultans anakhala laling'ono kwambiri.

m'ma XV m'ma kuti kutchula koyamba olembedwa a harem lapansi. Choncho tikhoza kunena katawiradi kuti pa nthawi imeneyo inachitika yekha kapolo. Akazi sultans anakhala mwana wamkazi wa olamulira Mkhristu wa maiko oyandikana. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XV, mu 1481, Sultan Bayezid II anayambitsa mwambo kusankha pakati pa anthu okhala gulu la akazi a akazi.

Harem: zoona komanso wosangalatsa mfundo

Tsopano kuyesetsa kumvetsa nkhani ya "harem - ndichiyani?" Kodi malo okhazikika wa chivundi amavutitsa kapena akukhala "pazipita m'ndende mtendere"?

Harem otchedwa monga chatsekedwa kwa anthu ena omwe si a m'banja la nyumba, kumene anakhala mkazi, wachibale wa Sultan: alongo, amayi. Mu nthawi zina nthawi pogona iye anapeza abale wolamulira, ndipo atakhala kuno osabala ndi atumiki ena. Kuti ubwenzi wa nyumba anafotokoza zolakwa angapo zokhudzana harems Muslim. Ena iwo wolemera m'linga, pamene gawo atsikana okongola languid kuika kugona dziwe ndipo amangokhala moyo ndi lingaliro kuti zikope tcheru cha Sultan ndi kusangalatsa zongopeka wake. Pakuti harem ena zikuwoneka mantha malo titanyowa ndi nsanje, kupanda chilungamo, perforce, kuphana, umasinthasintha. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zapamwamba zosiyana, pambuyo pa zonse kuyang'ana maso pa chimodzi kwa harem kum'mawa, kuwulula chinsinsi ichi yokha osankhika ochepa bwino.

Zimachitika harem

Inde, moyo mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana mu harem anali akhakula. Panali kupha ndi chivundi, koma iwo wotumbululuka poyerekezera ndi mapwando, kukonza azungu-olemekezeka m'zaka XVIII.

Inde, panali Sultan Murat III, amene anakwanitsa tikhale moyo wa mwanayo 112-TH. Mungayesere kulingalira mmene ankakonda harem wake ndi chikondi.

Panali precedents kwa zopha anthu ambirimbiri. Mwachitsanzo, Ibrahim Ine anamira mu Gulf pafupifupi 300 aku harem wake. Koma mankhwala zatsimikiziridwa kuti anali maganizo wodwala. Koma mtundu uwu matenda, zikuoneka kuti osati sultans Turkey, komanso ena odziwika bwino Russian umunthu. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu General Izmailov kuzunzika mpaka imfa makumi asanu adzakazi serfs.

Ndipotu, ngakhale Sultan sakanakhoza kukhala mophweka kupita harem lapansi. Choyamba iye ankayenera kuti awadziwitse cholinga chake, ndi adzakazi anakonza, alimbane monga asilikali pa nthaka perete. Only ndiye anapempha Sultan, koma lonse za ulendo wake anali utoto kwenikweni dera lirilonse.

Ulemu ndi Miyambo ya bwalo yakumeneko a zasintha kwambiri pa nthawi. Olamulira anali ankhanza, koma iwo sanali mlendo kwa mmene tikumvera. Ngati mu masiku oyambirira a Ottoman Ufumu, mfumu yakumeneko latsopano anakwera wachifumu wa abale ake ataphedwa, kenako chiganizo anali ndingokhala m'ndende mu "golide khola" omwe akhala chinthu chakale cha m'ma XIX. M'zaka za m'ma mdzakazi chomwecho mu harem anayamba kubwera kaya mwa okha kapena anawabweretsa ndi oimira anthu Caucasus.

Harem aka ndi ake mkati

Ndipotu mkati harem panali dongosolo okhwima, omwe adamangidwa kwa anthu onse okhala. Unali waukulu Walid - mayi wa Sultan. Iye anali kumvela adzakazi onse - odalik (odalisque), umene yakumeneko akanatha kusankha akazi. Mkazi mu harem pa utsogoleri wolowezana anali mwake Walid ngati Ambuye sanali alongo mbadwa.

Dzhariye - ichi ndi mlingo wotsikitsitsa utsogoleri wolowezana - lingathe mdzakazi wa Sultan, amene anatha mokwanira kupambana mayeso Walid. Ngati mtsikana uyu anali wokhoza ogona osachepera limodzi ndi Sultan, anakhala gozde (gyuzde), kutanthauza "wokondedwa." Ngati inasanduka ankakonda ndiye anapatsidwa udindo Iqbal (Iqbal), amene muli harem, panali zosaposa 15. Chake "mlingo" mtsikana akhoza bwino ngati izo zikanakhala zotheka kutenga mimba, ndipo iye anakhala Kadin. Amene anali mwayi sanakhale naye mwalamulo, analandira udindo wa Kadyny Effendi. akazi awa ndi mwayi mu mawonekedwe a malipilo, nyumba zawo ndi akapolo.

The moyo wa akazi harem ndi

Akazi harem anali kwambiri. Ngakhale Islam ali ololedwa kukhala ndi zosaposa anayi akazi chololedwa, adzakazi, chiwerengero si. M'zaka za m'ma XV, pamene miyambo anali kuyeza, ndipo atsikana kuno zambiri osati anangofuna iwo eni, monga anasintha dzina. Komanso, iwo ayenera kuti kutembenuka kwa Islam (Mwaichi zinali zokwanira kukweza chala kumwamba, anati: "Palibe wopembedzedwa mwachoonadi koma Mulungu, ndipo Muhamadi - mneneri wake") ndi kusiya zonse chibale.

Opinion, chifukwa chakuti akazi harem tsiku lonse languidly kuyembekezera Sultan amalemekeza iwo ndi chidwi, ndi olakwika. Ndipotu, iwo anali otanganidwa pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Adzakazi chinenero Turkey anaphunzitsa mu harem mfumu yakumeneko ndi kuwerenga Korani, needlework, bwalo zodyera, nyimbo ndi luso chikondi. Iwo anali ndi mwayi kuti asangalale ndi kusangalala kusewera zosiyanasiyana masewera, nthawi zina phokoso ndi mafoni. Gulu la akazi a nthawi angayerekezedwe ndi kutsekedwa yochezera sukulu kwa atsikana anaonekera ku Ulaya kokha m'zaka za m'ma XX.

Adzakazi mu gulu la akazi a ku Sultan si waphunzira. Iwo wonjeza kutenga mayeso, amene adatenga yokha Valide Sultan. Ngati atsikana kupirira mokwanira, iwo chikanathandiza Bambo tcheru. Mdzakazi mu harem sanali mkaidi m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu. Kwa atsikana nthawi zambiri amabwera kudzandiona, ndipo mu zisudzo kuno otchedwa ojambula zithunzi. Tinakonza monga zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale adzakazi anatengedwa ku Bosporus - kukwera pa maboti, kapezeni mpweya wabwino, miyendo. Mwachidule, moyo harem anali kwambiri.

Amayi ena asankha harem: i kusankha

Akazi harem, ndithudi, anali osiyana mu deta thupi ndi m'maganizo. Nthawi zambiri akapolo muli pano ndi msika kapolo pa zaka 5-7, ndipo pano iwo anakulira kukhwima thupi. Tikumbukenso kuti akazi Turkey sanali pakati pa adzakazi a Sultan.

Ana akuyenera kukhala anzeru, ndi kuchenjera, wokongola, ndi kukula kwa thupi zabwino, sensuous. Akukhulupirira kuti yofunika kwambiri kusankha kwa kukongola kwa Sultan ankasewera osati kukongola kwake komanso kapangidwe ndi kukongola kwa chiwalo ake kugonana. Mwa njira, ena harems zamakono izi muyezo kusankha Chinatha. Zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa mdzakazi m'tsogolo harem sanali nyini wamkulu kwambiri. Ndipo pamaso pa mkazi analoledwa mphanga Sultan, iwo anadutsa mndandanda wa mayesero ndi posungira mazira mwala ndi madzi akuda, omwe sayenera akhala anakhetsa pa kuvina mimba, mu nyini. Izi zikhoza kufotokoza mfundo yakuti si onse a mkazi kapena mbuye wa Sultan anali ndi maonekedwe abwino. Ena kukongola anakopeka zina ziwalo.

A pang'ono osiyana anakonza Arabia harem ndi moyo wake. Osachepera harem Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, akapeza mphamvu mu Iran mu 1848, Anagwetsanso kukongola onse akazi olakwika alipo. Kumene, monga iwo amati, kukoma ndi mtundu ... Koma harem ndi Shah anali bwino ndi ankachita masewera. Kungoona zithunzi (ndi awo ndiye kazembe kumanzere kwambiri chifukwa anali ndi chidwi mu kuchita izi), mkazi anakonda mu thupi. magwero ananena kuti adzakazi mwadala kudyetsa zolimba ndipo sanawalole kusuntha mwachangu.

Nsidze atsikana onse zinaphatikizidwa. Koma ngati inu mungakweze mbiri mawonekedwe a m'zaka za m'ma XIX, tizikumbukira kuti nthawi kuti anali yapamwamba, koma "baleen" Women sanakhalepo "trending". A Shah ndi ena otero.

Adindo ndi udindo wawo harem ndi

Adzakazi kwa Sultan ntchito kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri. nchito imeneyi chitachitidwa akapolo okalamba ndi adindo adafikapo. adindo ndi ndani? Izi akapolo anabweretsa makamaka Africa Central, Egypt, Abyssinia chomwe pambuyo wofulidwa. Zokonda pankhaniyi anapereka Negroes, ngati iwo ali chifukwa maonekedwe bwino anasamutsidwa kuti ntchito ndipo anakhala ndi zaka kucha akale, pamene Circassians, kukhala ndi thanzi lofooka kwambiri, pang'ono wofulidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri kunyengedwa Zipatalazo.

Komabe, tisaiwale kuti nthawi zina anyamata anapereka ofuna zawo Wolemba harem. Ndi chiyani icho? Maloto kukhala mtumiki wofulidwa? Ayi, chifukwa weasely, wochenjera akachite unali mwayi wabwino kuti ena zokhudzana ndi mphamvu nthawi zambiri wamfupi kusiyana ngati iye anagulitsa kapena ntchito m'gulu lankhondo la Sultan. Ndipo kuwuka anali kwambiri. Mkulu wa adindo wakuda anali 300 akavalo ndi mopanda malire akapolo.

Hjurrem Sultan (Roxelana) - "Iron Lady" wa harem ndi

Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya harem monga chodabwitsa chitukuko ali yaitali ndi sultans anali ndi akazi ambiri, mayina a ochepa a iwo anadza kwa ife. Harem Sultan Suleiman anamukwiyira kwakukulukulu kudziwika zikomo ku Ukraine ndi kubadwila kuti malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana dzina lake Anastasia Toli, Toli Alexandra Lisovskaya. Asilamu Komabe, anadzatchedwa Woman Hjurrem.

Iye kwathu ndi Crimea Chitata inali imodzi mwa mabomba, pa madzulo a ukwati wake. Tikayang'ana zimene amadziwika za izo, tikhoza kunena kuti anali mkazi mochenjera, amphamvu, ndi maganizo odabwitsa. Iye amayesa osati moyo wa ana yakumeneko kuchokera mkazi wake woyamba, amoyo mpongozi, komanso moyo wa mwana wake. Koma analidi modabwitsa ngati zaka 15 anatha pokana gulu la akazi a Sultan Suleyman ndi kukhala wamkazi yekha wolamulira.

Topkapi - malo wosatha wa harem ndi

Topkapi zovuta yachifumu linakhazikitsidwa ndi Sultan Mahmed monga zogona boma olamulira Ottoman. Ndipo aliyense amadziwa gulu la akazi a ku Sultan Suleiman komanso anakhalapo kuno. Ndi ndi kotunga Hjurrem (kapena Roxelana) zinachitikadi ndi kukonzanso akuluakulu a gulu loyimba nyumba yachifumu mu mbiri yake ya kukhalapo. Pa nthawi zosiyana mu harem akanakhoza osiyanasiyana monga akazi 700 ndi 1,200.

Kwa munthu amene ali Topkapi woyamba, harem ndi nyumba yachifumu idzawonongedwa ngati munthu ndikuyenda ndi zambiri zipinda, makonde, m'mabwalo atabalalika izo.

makoma onse mu harem pa nthawi anali alimbane ndi matailosi zithunzi Gourmet izninskoy, umene uli mu chikhalidwe pafupifupi wangwiro anasunga lero. Ndipo lero akupitiriza Timasangalalanso alendo ndi awo kukongola, nzeru, mwandondomeko, mwatsatanetsatane zojambula. Kupanga mpanda kunali kosatheka kuti akonze zipinda ziwiri zofanana, kotero aliyense boudoir mu harem anali wapadera.

Topkapi zatenga m'gawo yaikulu. M'bwalo pali zipinda 300, mabafa 46, 8 osambira, 2 mizikiti 6 m'zipinda kwa katundu, kusambira m'madamu, ochapira zovala, zipatala, tisadwale. Kodi zonsezi harem, kapena mbali ya malo anali wachinsinsi monga gawo la nyumba ya Sultan ndi silidziŵika. Chibwenzi okha pansi woyamba ndi lotseguka kwa ulendo anayendera. China chirichonse akadali mwazibisa kwa maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi alendo.

mazenera onse harem anali paliponse. Komabe, pali bwino mokhala zingapo zimene mazenera ndipo sanali konse. Ambiri mwina, ichi chinali chipinda cha adindo, kapena kuti akapolo.

Koma ziribe kanthu momwe okongola ndi chidwi panalibe harem, zikhale monga postoyalitsey sindikanafuna msungwana. Moyo harem ali nthawizonse wamng'ono kwa mkati okhwima malamulo, malamulo, amene tidakali sindikudziwa.

harems zamakono

Monga paradoxical mmene zingamvekere, koma Turkey amakono (osachepera mbali chapakati) harems chibwenzi, palibe. Koma Turkey okha, zachimwemwe, anawonjezera kuti izo ziri molingana yekha ndi lipoti boma bwino, m'midzi, makamaka kum'mwera kum'mawa, njira iyi ya moyo ndi wofunika kwambiri.

mitala - ndi zenizeni kwa 40% ya akazi onse okhala Jordan, Pakistan, Yemen, Syria, Madagascar, Iran, Iraq ndi maiko a mu Africa. Koma Dziwani kuti apamwamba a harem ndi, akhala ndi mwayi amuna olemera, chifukwa yekha amatha muli Kuyanjana pakathi ndalama akazi awo boma limene anayi okha kungakhale. Mwamuna kapena mkazi wanu ayenera kukhala kwanu (kapena kuchipinda akakhala ndi khomo yake), zokongoletsa, madiresi wantchitoyo.

Akazi ambiri mu harem masiku ano mu lotereli okha, koma ena, monga kale, umachitika mwa mphamvu. Koma pali nthawi kuti akazi zosiyanasiyana pa lotha amene akhonza kubwereranso ku bwino pamaso moyo uno, ndipo amatilimbikitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwolowa manja la masiku sultans mphekesera.

Monga kale, akazi harem ndi atengedwa osati mwa eni okha, "ophunzitsidwa mwapadera anthu" - otchedwa mashate kuti balalabalala dziko pofunafuna kukongola wina. Koma nkhope yokongola - si yekha "pakhomo tikiti" kuti harem lapansi. Iye ayenera kukhala mokhudza ndithu pabedi, kuti athe kukopa mwini wake ayenera kumvetsetsa mmene kuthetsa kusamvana ndi mikangano. Pofuna kukhazikitsa muyezo zonse kuyendera wapadera (kapena, ngati mukufuna, mayeso), pokhapokha chimene mkazi amasonyeza mwachindunji mwini harem lapansi.

Ndipotu pamwambapa Zatsala osokoneza kuona harem lapansi. Ena adzapitiriza kuona ngati chidina zakale ndi kuletsa ufulu ndi siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu wa amayi, ena - ngati mwayi kuti akatidzadza ndi kapezedwe kwa kanthawi, ndi ena - monga mwayi kupeza kalonga lake lenileni pa kavalo woyera. Koma zonsezi ndi harem. Kodi izo kwa inu kusankha monga nokha.